1.如果服务器启用了防火墙，需要在防火墙上开启 5432 端口。
2.修改 PostgreSQL 配置文件 postgresql.conf、postgresql.conf，Linux 配置文件所在路径 /etc/postgresql/9.1/main
其中：配置文件 postgresql.conf 中删除 Connection Settings 段部分注释，修改为：
listen_addresses = '*' # what IP address(es) to listen on;
port = 5432 # (change requires restart)
max_connections = 100 # (change requires restart)
全文内容：
# ----------------------------- # PostgreSQL configuration file # ----------------------------- # # This file consists of lines of the form: # # name = value # # (The "=" is optional.) Whitespace may be used. Comments are introduced with # "#" anywhere on a line. The complete list of parameter names and allowed # values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation. # # The commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values. # Re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it to the default value; # you need to reload the server. # # This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a SIGHUP # signal. If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the # server for the changes to take effect, or use "pg_ctl reload". Some # parameters, which are marked below, require a server shutdown and restart to # take effect. # # Any parameter can also be given as a command-line option to the server, e.g., # "postgres -c log_connections=on". Some paramters can be changed at run time # with the "SET" SQL command. # # Memory units: kB = kilobytes MB = megabytes GB = gigabytes # Time units: ms = milliseconds s = seconds min = minutes h = hours d = days #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # FILE LOCATIONS #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command-line # option or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir. #data_directory = 'ConfigDir' # use data in another directory # (change requires restart) #hba_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_hba.conf' # host-based authentication file # (change requires restart) #ident_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_ident.conf' # ident configuration file # (change requires restart) # If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written. #external_pid_file = '(none)' # write an extra PID file # (change requires restart) #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # - Connection Settings - listen_addresses = '*' # what IP address(es) to listen on; # comma-separated list of addresses; # defaults to 'localhost', '*' = all # (change requires restart) port = 5432 # (change requires restart) max_connections = 100 # (change requires restart) # Note: Increasing max_connections costs ~400 bytes of shared memory per # connection slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction). You might # also need to raise shared_buffers to support more connections. #superuser_reserved_connections = 3 # (change requires restart) #unix_socket_directory = '' # (change requires restart) #unix_socket_group = '' # (change requires restart) #unix_socket_permissions = 0777 # begin with 0 to use octal notation # (change requires restart) #bonjour_name = '' # defaults to the computer name # (change requires restart) # - Security and Authentication - #authentication_timeout = 1min # 1s-600s #ssl = off # (change requires restart) #ssl_ciphers = 'ALL:!ADH:!LOW:!EXP:!MD5:@STRENGTH' # allowed SSL ciphers # (change requires restart) #password_encryption = on #db_user_namespace = off # Kerberos and GSSAPI #krb_server_keyfile = '' # (change requires restart) #krb_srvname = 'postgres' # (change requires restart, Kerberos only) #krb_server_hostname = '' # empty string matches any keytab entry # (change requires restart, Kerberos only) #krb_caseins_users = off # (change requires restart) #krb_realm = '' # (change requires restart) # - TCP Keepalives - # see "man 7 tcp" for details #tcp_keepalives_idle = 0 # TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds; # 0 selects the system default #tcp_keepalives_interval = 0 # TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds; # 0 selects the system default #tcp_keepalives_count = 0 # TCP_KEEPCNT; # 0 selects the system default #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL) #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # - Memory - shared_buffers = 32MB # min 128kB or max_connections*16kB # (change requires restart) #temp_buffers = 8MB # min 800kB #max_prepared_transactions = 5 # can be 0 or more # (change requires restart) # Note: Increasing max_prepared_transactions costs ~600 bytes of shared memory # per transaction slot, plus lock space (see max_locks_per_transaction). #work_mem = 1MB # min 64kB #maintenance_work_mem = 16MB # min 1MB #max_stack_depth = 2MB # min 100kB # - Free Space Map - max_fsm_pages = 204800 # min max_fsm_relations*16, 6 bytes each # (change requires restart) #max_fsm_relations = 1000 # min 100, ~70 bytes each # (change requires restart) # - Kernel Resource Usage - #max_files_per_process = 1000 # min 25 # (change requires restart) shared_preload_libraries = '$libdir/plugins/plugin_debugger.dll' # (change requires restart) # - Cost-Based Vacuum Delay - #vacuum_cost_delay = 0 # 0-1000 milliseconds #vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1 # 0-10000 credits #vacuum_cost_page_miss = 10 # 0-10000 credits #vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20 # 0-10000 credits #vacuum_cost_limit = 200 # 1-10000 credits # - Background Writer - #bgwriter_delay = 200ms # 10-10000ms between rounds #bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 100 # 0-1000 max buffers written/round #bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 2.0 # 0-10.0 multipler on buffers scanned/round #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # WRITE AHEAD LOG #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # - Settings - #fsync = on # turns forced synchronization on or off #synchronous_commit = on # immediate fsync at commit #wal_sync_method = fsync # the default is the first option # supported by the operating system: # open_datasync # fdatasync # fsync # fsync_writethrough # open_sync #full_page_writes = on # recover from partial page writes #wal_buffers = 64kB # min 32kB # (change requires restart) #wal_writer_delay = 200ms # 1-10000 milliseconds #commit_delay = 0 # range 0-100000, in microseconds #commit_siblings = 5 # range 1-1000 # - Checkpoints - #checkpoint_segments = 3 # in logfile segments, min 1, 16MB each #checkpoint_timeout = 5min # range 30s-1h #checkpoint_completion_target = 0.5 # checkpoint target duration, 0.0 - 1.0 #checkpoint_warning = 30s # 0 is off # - Archiving - #archive_mode = off # allows archiving to be done # (change requires restart) #archive_command = '' # command to use to archive a logfile segment #archive_timeout = 0 # force a logfile segment switch after this # time; 0 is off #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # QUERY TUNING #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # - Planner Method Configuration - #enable_bitmapscan = on #enable_hashagg = on #enable_hashjoin = on #enable_indexscan = on #enable_mergejoin = on #enable_nestloop = on #enable_seqscan = on #enable_sort = on #enable_tidscan = on # - Planner Cost Constants - #seq_page_cost = 1.0 # measured on an arbitrary scale #random_page_cost = 4.0 # same scale as above #cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01 # same scale as above #cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005 # same scale as above #cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025 # same scale as above #effective_cache_size = 128MB # - Genetic Query Optimizer - #geqo = on #geqo_threshold = 12 #geqo_effort = 5 # range 1-10 #geqo_pool_size = 0 # selects default based on effort #geqo_generations = 0 # selects default based on effort #geqo_selection_bias = 2.0 # range 1.5-2.0 # - Other Planner Options - #default_statistics_target = 10 # range 1-1000 #constraint_exclusion = off #from_collapse_limit = 8 #join_collapse_limit = 8 # 1 disables collapsing of explicit # JOIN clauses #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # ERROR REPORTING AND LOGGING #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # - Where to Log - log_destination = 'stderr' # Valid values are combinations of # stderr, csvlog, syslog and eventlog, # depending on platform. csvlog # requires logging_collector to be on. # This is used when logging to stderr: logging_collector = on # Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog # into log files. Required to be on for # csvlogs. # (change requires restart) # These are only used if logging_collector is on: #log_directory = 'pg_log' # directory where log files are written, # can be absolute or relative to PGDATA #log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log' # log file name pattern, # can include strftime() escapes #log_truncate_on_rotation = off # If on, an existing log file of the # same name as the new log file will be # truncated rather than appended to. # But such truncation only occurs on # time-driven rotation, not on restarts # or size-driven rotation. Default is # off, meaning append to existing files # in all cases. #log_rotation_age = 1d # Automatic rotation of logfiles will # happen after that time. 0 to disable. #log_rotation_size = 10MB # Automatic rotation of logfiles will # happen after that much log output. # 0 to disable. # These are relevant when logging to syslog: #syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0' #syslog_ident = 'postgres' # - When to Log - #client_min_messages = notice # values in order of decreasing detail: # debug5 # debug4 # debug3 # debug2 # debug1 # log # notice # warning # error #log_min_messages = notice # values in order of decreasing detail: # debug5 # debug4 # debug3 # debug2 # debug1 # info # notice # warning # error # log # fatal # panic #log_error_verbosity = default # terse, default, or verbose messages #log_min_error_statement = error # values in order of decreasing detail: # debug5 # debug4 # debug3 # debug2 # debug1 # info # notice # warning # error # log # fatal # panic (effectively off) #log_min_duration_statement = -1 # -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements # and their durations, > 0 logs only # statements running at least this time. #silent_mode = off # DO NOT USE without syslog or # logging_collector # (change requires restart) # - What to Log - #debug_print_parse = off #debug_print_rewritten = off #debug_print_plan = off #debug_pretty_print = off #log_checkpoints = off #log_connections = off #log_disconnections = off #log_duration = off #log_hostname = off log_line_prefix = '%t ' # special values: # %u = user name # %d = database name # %r = remote host and port # %h = remote host # %p = process ID # %t = timestamp without milliseconds # %m = timestamp with milliseconds # %i = command tag # %c = session ID # %l = session line number # %s = session start timestamp # %v = virtual transaction ID # %x = transaction ID (0 if none) # %q = stop here in non-session # processes # %% = '%' # e.g. '<%u%%%d> ' #log_lock_waits = off # log lock waits >= deadlock_timeout #log_statement = 'none' # none, ddl, mod, all #log_temp_files = -1 # log temporary files equal or larger # than specified size; # -1 disables, 0 logs all temp files #log_timezone = unknown # actually, defaults to TZ environment # setting #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # RUNTIME STATISTICS #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # - Query/Index Statistics Collector - #track_activities = on #track_counts = on #update_process_title = on # - Statistics Monitoring - #log_parser_stats = off #log_planner_stats = off #log_executor_stats = off #log_statement_stats = off #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # AUTOVACUUM PARAMETERS #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #autovacuum = on # Enable autovacuum subprocess? 'on' # requires track_counts to also be on. #log_autovacuum_min_duration = -1 # -1 disables, 0 logs all actions and # their durations, > 0 logs only # actions running at least that time. #autovacuum_max_workers = 3 # max number of autovacuum subprocesses #autovacuum_naptime = 1min # time between autovacuum runs #autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before # vacuum #autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before # analyze #autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.2 # fraction of table size before vacuum #autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.1 # fraction of table size before analyze #autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 200000000 # maximum XID age before forced vacuum # (change requires restart) #autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 20 # default vacuum cost delay for # autovacuum, -1 means use # vacuum_cost_delay #autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1 # default vacuum cost limit for # autovacuum, -1 means use # vacuum_cost_limit #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # - Statement Behavior - #search_path = '"$user",public' # schema names #default_tablespace = '' # a tablespace name, '' uses the default #temp_tablespaces = '' # a list of tablespace names, '' uses # only default tablespace #check_function_bodies = on #default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed' #default_transaction_read_only = off #session_replication_role = 'origin' #statement_timeout = 0 # 0 is disabled #vacuum_freeze_min_age = 100000000 #xmlbinary = 'base64' #xmloption = 'content' # - Locale and Formatting - datestyle = 'iso, mdy' #timezone = unknown # actually, defaults to TZ environment # setting #timezone_abbreviations = 'Default' # Select the set of available time zone # abbreviations. Currently, there are # Default # Australia # India # You can create your own file in # share/timezonesets/. #extra_float_digits = 0 # min -15, max 2 #client_encoding = sql_ascii # actually, defaults to database # encoding # These settings are initialized by initdb, but they can be changed. lc_messages = 'C' # locale for system error message # strings lc_monetary = 'C' # locale for monetary formatting lc_numeric = 'C' # locale for number formatting lc_time = 'C' # locale for time formatting # default configuration for text search default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.english' # - Other Defaults - #explain_pretty_print = on #dynamic_library_path = '$libdir' #local_preload_libraries = '' #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # LOCK MANAGEMENT #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #deadlock_timeout = 1s #max_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10 # (change requires restart) # Note: Each lock table slot uses ~270 bytes of shared memory, and there are # max_locks_per_transaction * (max_connections + max_prepared_transactions) # lock table slots. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # VERSION/PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # - Previous PostgreSQL Versions - #add_missing_from = off #array_nulls = on #backslash_quote = safe_encoding # on, off, or safe_encoding #default_with_oids = off #escape_string_warning = on #regex_flavor = advanced # advanced, extended, or basic #sql_inheritance = on #standard_conforming_strings = off #synchronize_seqscans = on # - Other Platforms and Clients - #transform_null_equals = off #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #custom_variable_classes = '' # list of custom variable class names
其中：配置文件 pg_hba.conf 中 IPv4 local connections 段添加行 host all all 192.168.0.0/16 md5 ，修改为：
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
host all all 192.168.0.0/16 md5
全文内容：
# PostgreSQL Client Authentication Configuration File # =================================================== # # Refer to the "Client Authentication" section in the # PostgreSQL documentation for a complete description # of this file. A short synopsis follows. # # This file controls: which hosts are allowed to connect, how clients # are authenticated, which PostgreSQL user names they can use, which # databases they can access. Records take one of these forms: # # local DATABASE USER METHOD [OPTION] # host DATABASE USER CIDR-ADDRESS METHOD [OPTION] # hostssl DATABASE USER CIDR-ADDRESS METHOD [OPTION] # hostnossl DATABASE USER CIDR-ADDRESS METHOD [OPTION] # # (The uppercase items must be replaced by actual values.) # # The first field is the connection type: "local" is a Unix-domain socket, # "host" is either a plain or SSL-encrypted TCP/IP socket, "hostssl" is an # SSL-encrypted TCP/IP socket, and "hostnossl" is a plain TCP/IP socket. # # DATABASE can be "all", "sameuser", "samerole", a database name, or # a comma-separated list thereof. # # USER can be "all", a user name, a group name prefixed with "+", or # a comma-separated list thereof. In both the DATABASE and USER fields # you can also write a file name prefixed with "@" to include names from # a separate file. # # CIDR-ADDRESS specifies the set of hosts the record matches. # It is made up of an IP address and a CIDR mask that is an integer # (between 0 and 32 (IPv4) or 128 (IPv6) inclusive) that specifies # the number of significant bits in the mask. Alternatively, you can write # an IP address and netmask in separate columns to specify the set of hosts. # # METHOD can be "trust", "reject", "md5", "crypt", "password", "gss", "sspi", # "krb5", "ident", "pam" or "ldap". Note that "password" sends passwords # in clear text; "md5" is preferred since it sends encrypted passwords. # # OPTION is the ident map or the name of the PAM service, depending on METHOD. # # Database and user names containing spaces, commas, quotes and other special # characters must be quoted. Quoting one of the keywords "all", "sameuser" or # "samerole" makes the name lose its special character, and just match a # database or username with that name. # # This file is read on server startup and when the postmaster receives # a SIGHUP signal. If you edit the file on a running system, you have # to SIGHUP the postmaster for the changes to take effect. You can use # "pg_ctl reload" to do that. # Put your actual configuration here # ---------------------------------- # # If you want to allow non-local connections, you need to add more # "host" records. In that case you will also need to make PostgreSQL listen # on a non-local interface via the listen_addresses configuration parameter, # or via the -i or -h command line switches. # # TYPE DATABASE USER CIDR-ADDRESS METHOD # IPv4 local connections: host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5 host all all 192.168.0.0/16 md5 # IPv6 local connections: host all all ::1/128 md5
3.重启 PostgreSQL ，输入命令：service postgresql restart