玩转spring boot——ajax跨域

时间:2023-01-08 11:27:50

前言


 java语言在多数时,会作为一个后端语言,为前端的html,node.js等提供API接口。前端通过ajax请求去调用java的API服务。今天以node.js为例,介绍两种跨域方式:CrossOrigin和反向代理。

 一、准备工作


pom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-15</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging> <name>spring-boot-15</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent> <properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build> </project>

pom.xml

App.java

package com.example;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication @SpringBootApplication
public class App { public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(App.class, args);
}
}

User.java

package com.example;

public class User {

    public int id;

    public String name;

    public int age;
}

MainController.java:

package com.example;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /**
* 控制器 博客出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/GoodHelper/
*
*/
@RestController
public class MainController { @GetMapping("findAllUser")
public List<User> findAllUser() {
List<User> list = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
User user = new User();
list.add(user);
user.id = i;
user.name = "name_" + i;
user.age = 20 + i;
}
return list;
} }

项目结构如下图所示:

玩转spring boot——ajax跨域

访问http://localhost:8080/findAllUser

玩转spring boot——ajax跨域

使用HBuilder创建node.js express项目:

玩转spring boot——ajax跨域

选择ejs模板引擎:

玩转spring boot——ajax跨域

index.ejs文件代码如下:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html> <head>
<title>
<%= title %>
</title>
<link rel='stylesheet' href='/stylesheets/style.css' />
<script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.5.6/angular.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var app = angular.module('app', []);
app.controller('MainController', function($rootScope, $scope, $http) {
$http({
method: 'GET',
url: 'http://localhost:8080/findAllUser'
}).then(function successCallback(r) {
$scope.rows = r.data;
});
});
</script>
</head> <body ng-app="app" ng-controller="MainController">
<h1><%= title %></h1>
<p>Welcome to
<%= title %>
</p> <br />
<table>
<tr ng-repeat="row in rows">
<td>{{row.id}}</td>
<td>{{row.name}}</td>
<td>{{row.age}}</td>
</tr>
</table> </body> </html>

通过angular.js的http方法调用api请求

右键运行项目:

玩转spring boot——ajax跨域

运行效果:

玩转spring boot——ajax跨域

发现调用ajax请求时跨域失败。

二、spring boot后台设置允许跨域


这时,修改MainController类,在方法前加@CrossOrigin注解:

/**
* 控制器 博客出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/GoodHelper/
*
*/
@RestController
public class MainController { @CrossOrigin(origins = "http://localhost:3000")
@GetMapping("findAllUser")
public List<User> findAllUser() {
List<User> list = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
User user = new User();
list.add(user);
user.id = i;
user.name = "name_" + i;
user.age = 20 + i;
}
return list;
} }

这是声明findAllUser方法允许跨域,

也可以修改App.java,来实现全局跨域:

package com.example;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.CorsRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter; @SpringBootApplication
public class App { public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(App.class, args);
} @Bean
public WebMvcConfigurer corsConfigurer() {
return new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
@Override
public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) {
registry.addMapping("/**").allowedOrigins("http://localhost:3000");
}
};
}
}

registry.addMapping("/**"):为根目录的全部请求,也可以设置为"/user/**",这意味着是user目录下的所有请求。

在访问http://localhost:3000,效果如下:

玩转spring boot——ajax跨域

三、通过node.js的反向代理实现跨域


node.js提供了一些反向代理的中间件,能轻而易举的实现跨域,而不需要spring boot做任何设置。

安装express-http-proxy中间件

npm install --save-dev express-http-proxy

玩转spring boot——ajax跨域

修改app.js文件,使其支持反向代理:

var proxy = require('express-http-proxy');
var apiProxy = proxy('http://localhost:8080', {});
app.use('/api', apiProxy);

以“/api”开头的请求转发为spring boot的API服务。

完整代码如下:

/**
* Module dependencies.
*/ var express = require('express')
, routes = require('./routes')
, user = require('./routes/user')
, http = require('http')
, path = require('path'); var app = express(); // all environments
app.set('port', process.env.PORT || 3000);
app.set('views', __dirname + '/views');
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
app.use(express.favicon());
app.use(express.logger('dev'));
app.use(express.bodyParser());
app.use(express.methodOverride());
app.use(app.router);
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public'))); // development only
if ('development' == app.get('env')) {
app.use(express.errorHandler());
} var proxy = require('express-http-proxy');
var apiProxy = proxy('http://localhost:8080', {});
app.use('/api', apiProxy); app.get('/', routes.index);
app.get('/users', user.list); http.createServer(app).listen(app.get('port'), function(){
console.log('Express server listening on port ' + app.get('port'));
});

app.js

修改index.ejs文件:

            var app = angular.module('app', []);
app.controller('MainController', function($rootScope, $scope, $http) {
$http({
method: 'GET',
url: '/api/findAllUser'
}).then(function successCallback(r) {
$scope.rows = r.data;
});
});

完整的index.ejs文件如下:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html> <head>
<title>
<%= title %>
</title>
<link rel='stylesheet' href='/stylesheets/style.css' />
<script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.5.6/angular.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var app = angular.module('app', []);
app.controller('MainController', function($rootScope, $scope, $http) {
$http({
method: 'GET',
url: '/api/findAllUser'
}).then(function successCallback(r) {
$scope.rows = r.data;
});
});
</script>
</head> <body ng-app="app" ng-controller="MainController">
<h1><%= title %></h1>
<p>Welcome to
<%= title %>
</p> <br />
<table>
<tr ng-repeat="row in rows">
<td>{{row.id}}</td>
<td>{{row.name}}</td>
<td>{{row.age}}</td>
</tr>
</table> </body> </html>

index.ejs

运行效果如下:

玩转spring boot——ajax跨域

总结


  第二种通过反向代理的方式是最佳方案。在正式项目中,可以使用node.js控制web前端渲染与spring boot后端提供API服务的组合。这样,可以控制用户在node.js端登录后才能调用spring boot的API服务。在大型web项目中也可以使用node.js的反向代理,把很多子站点关联起来,这样便发挥出了网站灵活的扩展性。除了使用node.js的中间件实现跨越以外,同样能借助nginx等http反向代理服务器实现跨越。

参考:

https://spring.io/guides/gs/rest-service-cors/

https://www.npmjs.com/package/express-http-proxy

代码地址:https://github.com/carter659/spring-boot-15.git

玩转spring boot——ajax跨域

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