之前写过一个Guide for Cloud Foundry New Teamer。不过似乎已经有些过时，那会实验室主要是针对的CF v1进行的研究，现在已经全面进入V2时代了。所以更新一下关于CloudFoundry运维的一些内容。如果有时间也可再回头看看V1的那个帖子，希望能有所帮助。
部署
关于部署，目前使用的工具一般有两种，BOSH和cf_nise_installer。BOSH适用于集群安装，cf_nise_installer适用于单节点安装。下面主要以cf_nise_installer的安装方法为主描述部署的运维流程。
cf_nise_installer实际上就是一大堆shell脚本建立起来的项目，对shell脚本熟悉的人打开上面的链接就可以看到整个部署的流程。
第一步就是安装运行环境。
通过cf_nise_installer中的这段install.sh脚本的代码我们可以看到它的安装流程如下：
./scripts/install_ruby.sh
source ~/.profile
./scripts/clone_nise_bosh.sh
./scripts/clone_cf_release.sh
./scripts/install_environemnt.sh
./scripts/install_cf_release.sh
- 安装ruby：cf_nise_installer使用的是rbenv这个ruby安装工具。同样比较有名的ruby安装工具还有rvm，这两个工具任选一个即可，如果是使用某个固定的ruby版本的话，建议使用源码安装。
- 下载nise_bosh项目：实际上cf_nise_installer是基于nise_bosh的一个脚本，真正执行安装的就是nise_bosh这个项目。nise_bosh是一个基于bosh的项目，把bosh关于IaaS层的内容去除，保留了虚拟机上组建安装的内容。所以使用nisebosh无需IaaS层的API支持，只需要虚拟机即可安装。
- 制作cf_release：cf_release是cf源码经过编译后的内容。从github上clone下来的cf_release，checkout到指定版本git使用简易入门，然后执行
git submodule update --init --recursive把子模块submodule下载下来，再执行bosh create release命令，就可以得到一个完整的cf_release，当然，这里面又是漫长的下载。实验室已经制作了几个常用的cf_release版本，在内网可以下载。 - 安装环境，这里执行的其实就是nise_bosh/bin/init这个脚本，打开就可以看到下载了很多基础的运行时环境，以及监控使用的monit工具。
- 安装cf组件。到这里就是真正的安装cf组件了。安装的命令很短，东西都在配置文件里面了。可以打开manifests/template查看一下。默认的域名都设置成了
192.168.10.10.xip.io，执行generate_deploy_manifest.sh脚本可以更改域名和密码，不过需要在环境变量中导入export NISE_DOMAIN=[你的域名]export NISE_PASSWORD=[你的密码]
关于域名 架设本地域名解析服务器，如bind9之类的，然后在/etc/resolv.conf下面的nameserver加上本地域名解析服务器IP即可。在域名解析服务器上加上一条域名对应组件机器的IP就可以顺利用域名访问集群了。
关于一次正常的连接 [用户访问域名]->[域名解析服务器解析出IP]->[Haproxy组件收到请求转发]->[Gorouter接到请求]->[DEA/CC最终处理]
集群使用
安装CF命令行工具
下载并安装cf_clidpkg -i ***.deb。新版cf命令行的命令有比较大的变化，可以使用cf --help看一下。
制作离线java_buildpack
cloudfoundry从V168以后，就不在cf-release里面放入buildpack了，也就是云应用的运行时环境。每次应用上传都要去pivotal的网站上下buildpack，速度比较慢，所以就涉及到了制作离线的buildpack。官方的java_buildpack就提供了制作离线包的功能。Clone下来以后执行如下步骤就制作成功了一个zip包。
bundle install
bundle exec rake package OFFLINE=true
...
Creating build/java-buildpack-offline-cfd6b17.zip
然后使用cf命令上传离线的buildpack，参数的意思可以从help中查看。
root@cf-one:~/java-buildpack# cf create-buildpack test_pack ./build/java-buildpack-offline-abe37f7.zip 0
Creating buildpack test_pack...
OK
Uploading buildpack test_pack...
OK
root@cf-one:~/java-buildpack# cf buildpacks
Getting buildpacks...
buildpack position enabled locked filename
java_buildpack 2 true false java-buildpack-v2.1.2.zip
ruby_buildpack 3 true false buildpack_ruby_v46-245-g2fc4ad8.zip
nodejs_buildpack 4 true false buildpack_nodejs_v8-177-g2b0a5cf.zip
test_pack 1 true false java-buildpack-offline-abe37f7.zip
使用CF-CLI命令行上传应用
如果用户名密码都是默认的话，使用流程基本如下：
target
root@cf-one:~/yd/cf_nise_installer# cf api --skip-ssl-validation api.test4.sel
Setting api endpoint to api.test4.sel...
OK
API endpoint: https://api.test4.sel (API version: 2.2.0)
Not logged in. Use 'cf login' to log in.
login
root@cf-one:~/yd/cf_nise_installer# cf login
API endpoint: https://api.test4.sel
Email> admin
Password>
Authenticating...
OK
Targeted org DevBox
Select a space (or press enter to skip):
Space>
API endpoint: https://api.test4.sel (API version: 2.2.0)
User: admin
Org: DevBox
Space: No space targeted, use 'cf target -s SPACE'
org
root@cf-one:~/yd/cf_nise_installer# cf create-org sun
Creating org sun as admin...
OK
TIP: Use 'cf target -o sun' to target new org
root@cf-one:~/yd/cf_nise_installer# cf target -o sun
API endpoint: https://api.test4.sel (API version: 2.2.0)
User: admin
Org: sun
Space: No space targeted, use 'cf target -s SPACE'
space
root@cf-one:~/yd/cf_nise_installer# cf create-space test
Creating space test in org sun as admin...
OK
Assigning role SpaceManager to user admin in org sun / space test as admin...
OK
Assigning role SpaceDeveloper to user admin in org sun / space test as admin...
OK
TIP: Use 'cf target -o sun -s test' to target new space
root@cf-one:~/yd/cf_nise_installer# cf create-space test
Creating space test in org sun as admin...
OK
Assigning role SpaceManager to user admin in org sun / space test as admin...
OK
Assigning role SpaceDeveloper to user admin in org sun / space test as admin...
OK
TIP: Use 'cf target -o sun -s test' to target new space
root@cf-one:~/yd/cf_nise_installer# cf target -o sun -s test
API endpoint: https://api.test4.sel (API version: 2.2.0)
User: admin
Org: sun
Space: test
Push APP
root@cf-one:~# cf push test -p helloworldWeb.war -b test_pack
Creating app test in org sun / space test as admin...
OK
Creating route test.test4.sel...
OK
Binding test.test4.sel to test...
OK
Uploading test...
Uploading app files from: helloworldWeb.war
Uploading 2.6K, 10 files
OK
Starting app test in org sun / space test as admin...
OK
-----> Downloaded app package (4.0K)
-----> Java Buildpack Version: abe37f7 (offline) | https://github.com/cloudfoundry/java-buildpack.git#abe37f7
-----> Downloading Open Jdk JRE 1.7.0_60 from http://download.run.pivotal.io/openjdk/lucid/x86_64/openjdk-1.7.0_60.tar.gz (found in cache)
Expanding Open Jdk JRE to .java-buildpack/open_jdk_jre (2.1s)
-----> Downloading Tomcat Instance 7.0.54 from http://download.run.pivotal.io/tomcat/tomcat-7.0.54.tar.gz (found in cache)
Expanding Tomcat to .java-buildpack/tomcat (0.1s)
-----> Downloading Tomcat Lifecycle Support 2.1.0_RELEASE from http://download.run.pivotal.io/tomcat-lifecycle-support/tomcat-lifecycle-support-2.1.0_RELEASE.jar (found in cache)
-----> Downloading Tomcat Logging Support 2.1.0_RELEASE from http://download.run.pivotal.io/tomcat-logging-support/tomcat-logging-support-2.1.0_RELEASE.jar (found in cache)
-----> Uploading droplet (38M)
0 of 1 instances running, 1 starting
1 of 1 instances running
App started
Showing health and status for app test in org sun / space test as admin...
OK
requested state: started
instances: 1/1
usage: 1G x 1 instances
urls: test.test4.sel
state since cpu memory disk
#0 running 2014-06-19 08:10:08 AM 0.0% 170.5M of 1G 96M of 1G
root@cf-one:~# curl test.test4.sel
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
</body>
</html>
至此，就成功上传了一个应用了。
查看应用状态
root@cf-one:~# cf apps
Getting apps in org sun / space test as admin...
OK
name requested state instances memory disk urls
test started 1/1 1G 1G test.test4.sel
重启一个应用
oot@cf-one:~# cf restart test
Stopping app test in org sun / space test as admin...
OK
Starting app test in org sun / space test as admin...
OK
0 of 1 instances running, 1 starting
0 of 1 instances running, 1 starting
1 of 1 instances running
App started
Showing health and status for app test in org sun / space test as admin...
OK
requested state: started
instances: 1/1
usage: 1G x 1 instances
urls: test.test4.sel
state since cpu memory disk
#0 running 2014-06-19 08:19:38 AM 0.0% 170M of 1G 96M of 1G
集群维护
目前集群的维护都是使用的monit工具进行简单的组件监控。更多的维护还需要查看组件的日志。组件日志一般在/var/vcap/sys/log中
查看集群组件状态
root@cf-one:~# monit summary
The program 'monit' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing:
apt-get install monit
You will have to enable the component called 'universe'
root@cf-one:~# /var/vcap/bosh/bin/monit summary
The Monit daemon 5.2.4 uptime: 44m
Process 'nats' running
Process 'nats_stream_forwarder' running
Process 'cloud_controller_ng' running
Process 'cloud_controller_worker_local_1' running
Process 'cloud_controller_worker_local_2' running
Process 'nginx_ccng' running
Process 'cloud_controller_worker_1' running
Process 'cloud_controller_clock' running
Process 'uaa' running
Process 'uaa_cf-registrar' running
Process 'haproxy' running
Process 'gorouter' running
Process 'warden' running
Process 'dea_next' running
Process 'dir_server' running
Process 'dea_logging_agent' running
Process 'loggregator' running
Process 'loggregator_trafficcontroller' running
Process 'etcd' running
Process 'hm9000_listener' running
Process 'hm9000_fetcher' running
Process 'hm9000_analyzer' running
Process 'hm9000_sender' running
Process 'hm9000_metrics_server' running
Process 'hm9000_api_server' running
Process 'hm9000_evacuator' running
Process 'hm9000_shredder' running
Process 'postgres' running
System 'system_cf-one' running
重启某个组件
root@cf-one:~# monit restart postgres
重启所有组件
root@cf-one:~# monit restart all