一、Keepalived简介
keepalived是一个类似于layer3, 4 & 5交换机制的软件，也就是我们平时说的第3层、第4层和第5层交换。Keepalived的作用是检测web服务器的状态，如果有一台web服务器死机，或工作出现故障，Keepalived将检测到，并将有故障的web服务器从系统中剔除，当web服务器工作正常后Keepalived自动将web服务器加入到服务器群中，这些工作全部自动完成，不需要人工干涉，需要人工做的只是修复故障的web服务器。
-----百科资料
二、规划
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OS:CentOS7Nginx_Master: 192.168.10.128 Nginx主机Nginx_BackUp: 192.168.10.145 Nginx备机Nginx_VIP1: 192.168.10.111 虚拟IP地址 |
说明:
虚拟IP是外网访问的IP地址，通过keepalived设置，以及VRRP将虚拟IP地址绑定到主机和备机上,通过权重实现控制。当主机挂掉后，keepalived 释放对主机的控制，备机接管虚拟IP地址。
三、下载相关软件包
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# yum install -y gcc openssl openssl-devel# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz ##下载Keeplived# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.9.4.tar.gz |
四、编译Nginx
①编译
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# groupadd -r nginx# useradd -r -g nginx nginx# tar -zxvf nginx-1.9.4.tar.gz# cd nginx-1.9.4/# ./configure \ --prefix=/usr \
--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \
--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_flv_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \
--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \
--with-pcre
# make# make install# /usr/sbin/nginx ##开启nginx |
②简单配置nginx
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# vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf server { listen 80;
server_name www.zhi.com;
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Master:
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# vi /usr/html/index.html<h1>Success!</h1>
<p>Welcome to LINUX Keepalived System 1!</p>
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BackUp:
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# vi /usr/html/index.html<h1>Success!</h1>
<p>Welcome to LINUX Keepalived System 2!</p>
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五、编译Keeplived
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# tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz # cd keepalived-1.2.19# ./configure --sysconf=/etc --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived |
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# make# make install |
六、配置Keeplived
①设置开机自启动并配置服务脚本
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# cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/# /etc/init.d/keepalived start# systemctl start keepalived ##以上皆可启动keepalived |
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# chkconfig --add keepalived# chkconfig keepalived on |
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# vi /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh ##配置nginx服务监控脚本!/bin/bash
if [ $(ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l) -eq 0 ]
then /usr/sbin/nginx
fisleep 2
if [ $(ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l) -eq 0 ]
then /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
fi# chmod u+x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh |
注:该脚本检测nginx服务正常开启与否，使自动切换keepalived虚拟IP地址。如无该脚本，必须手动执行关闭keepalived方可切换。
②MASTER配置
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# vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs { notification_email {
root@localhost ##设置报警邮件地址,可以设置多个
} notification_email_from zhi@zhi.com ##设置邮件发送地址
smtp_server 127.0.0.1 ##设置SMTP-Server地址
smtp_connect_timeout 30 ##设置连接超时时间
router_id LVS_DEVEL ##运行keepalived服务的标识,显示在邮件主题的信息
}vrrp_script check_nginx {script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh" ##Nginx服务监控脚本
interval 2 ##脚本执行间隔
weight 2 ##脚本执行结果导致的优先级变更
}vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER ##指定keepalived角色为主服务器
interface eno16777736 ##指定HA监测网络的接口
virtual_router_id 51 ##虚拟路由标识，同一个vrrp实例使用唯一的标识
priority 101 ##定义优先级，数字越大，优先级越高
advert_int 1 ##设定MASTER与BACKUP负载均衡器间同步检查的时间间隔,单位秒
authentication { ##设置验证类型和密码
auth_type PASS ##设置验证类型，主要有PASS和AH两种
auth_pass 1111 ##设置验证密码,同一vrrp_instance密码必须相同
}
track_script { check_nginx ##检测执行脚本
}virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.10.111/24 #设置虚拟IP地址,可设置多个虚拟IP地址
}
}virtual_server 192.168.10.111 80 { ##设置虚拟服务器，指定虚拟IP地址和服务端口
delay_loop 6 ##设置运行情况检查时间，单位秒
lb_algo rr ##设置负载调度算法,rr即轮询算法
lb_kind NAT ##设置LVS实现负载均衡的机制，有NAT、TUN、DR三个模式可选
nat_mask 255.255.255.0
persistence_timeout 50 ##会话保持时间，单位秒
protocol TCP ##指定转发协议类型，有TCP和UDP两种
sorry_server 127.0.0.1 80
real_server 192.168.10.128 80 { ##配置服务节点1，指定real server的真实IP和端口
weight 1 ##配置服务节点的权值，数字越大，权值越高
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /
status_code 200 ##200状态码，表示服务器已成功处理请求
}
connect_timeout 3 ##响应超时时间
nb_get_retry 3 ##重试次数
delay_before_retry 3 ##重试间隔
}
}
real_server 192.168.10.145 80 {
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
} |
③BACKUP配置
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# vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs { notification_email {
root@localhost
}
notification_email_from zhi@zhi.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}vrrp_script check_nginx { script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh" ##Nginx服务监控脚本
interval 2
weight 2
}vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP
interface eno16777736
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
track_script { check_nginx ##检测脚本
} virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.10.111/24
}
}virtual_server 192.168.10.111 80 { delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind NAT
nat_mask 255.255.255.0
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
sorry_server 127.0.0.1 80
real_server 192.168.10.128 80 {
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.10.145 80 {
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
} |
④查看系统日志
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# tail /var/log/messages |
注:这是192.168.10.145的日志(没有同步时间),由于更改配置后没有重启Master,所以BACKUP进行了抢占
Master:
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# systemctl restart keepalived.service# tail /var/log/messages |
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# ip addr |
七、测试
浏览器输入www.zhi.com测试
Master:
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# nginx -s stop |
BackUp:
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# ip addr |
虚拟IP地址已切换至备机了
另:可配置nginx+keepalived主主模式，并在后端配置反向代理和负载均衡实现高可用