mssql,oracle中
test表：
1 5 abc
2 6 bcd
1 7 ade
2 8 adc
select a,b,c
from(
select a,b,c
,row_number()over(partition by a order by b desc) rn
from test
)
where rn=1
由于MYSQL没有提供类似ORACLE中OVER()这样丰富的分析函数. 所以在MYSQL里需要实现这样的功能,我们只能用一些灵活的办法:
例1
1.首先我们来创建实例数据:
drop table if exists heyf_t10;
create table heyf_t10 (empid int ,deptid int ,salary decimal(10,2) );
insert into heyf_t10 values
(1,10,5500.00),
(2,10,4500.00),
(3,20,1900.00),
(4,20,4800.00),
(5,40,6500.00),
(6,40,14500.00),
(7,40,44500.00),
(8,50,6500.00),
(9,50,7500.00);
2. 确定需求: 根据部门来分组,显示各员工在部门里按薪水排名名次.
显示结果预期如下:
+-------+--------+----------+------+
| empid | deptid | salary | rank |
+-------+--------+----------+------+
| 1 | 10 | 5500.00 | 1 |
| 2 | 10 | 4500.00 | 2 |
| 4 | 20 | 4800.00 | 1 |
| 3 | 20 | 1900.00 | 2 |
| 7 | 40 | 44500.00 | 1 |
| 6 | 40 | 14500.00 | 2 |
| 5 | 40 | 6500.00 | 3 |
| 9 | 50 | 7500.00 | 1 |
| 8 | 50 | 6500.00 | 2 |
+-------+--------+----------+------+
3. SQL 实现
select empid,deptid,salary,rank from (
select heyf_tmp.empid,heyf_tmp.deptid,heyf_tmp.salary,@rownum:=@rownum+1 ,
if(@pdept=heyf_tmp.deptid,@rank:=@rank+1,@rank:=1) as rank,
@pdept:=heyf_tmp.deptid
from (
select empid,deptid,salary from heyf_t10 order by deptid asc ,salary desc
) heyf_tmp ,(select @rownum :=0 , @pdept := null ,@rank:=0) a ) result
;
4. 结果演示
mysql> select empid,deptid,salary,rank from (
-> select heyf_tmp.empid,heyf_tmp.deptid,heyf_tmp.salary,@rownum:=@rownum+1 ,
-> if(@pdept=heyf_tmp.deptid,@rank:=@rank+1,@rank:=1) as rank,
-> @pdept:=heyf_tmp.deptid
-> from (
-> select empid,deptid,salary from heyf_t10 order by deptid asc ,salary desc
-> ) heyf_tmp ,(select @rownum :=0 , @pdept := null ,@rank:=0) a ) result
-> ;
+-------+--------+----------+------+
| empid | deptid | salary | rank |
+-------+--------+----------+------+
| 1 | 10 | 5500.00 | 1 |
| 2 | 10 | 4500.00 | 2 |
| 4 | 20 | 4800.00 | 1 |
| 3 | 20 | 1900.00 | 2 |
| 7 | 40 | 44500.00 | 1 |
| 6 | 40 | 14500.00 | 2 |
| 5 | 40 | 6500.00 | 3 |
| 9 | 50 | 7500.00 | 1 |
| 8 | 50 | 6500.00 | 2 |
+-------+--------+----------+------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
例2
1）建表，并插入模拟数据。
insert into B values(1,1,'a1'),(1,2,'a2'),(1,3,'a3'),(1,4,'a4');
insert into B values(2,1,'b1'),(2,2,'b2'),(2,3,'b3'),(2,4,'b4');
insert into B values(3,1,'c1'),(3,2,'c2'),(3,3,'c3'),(3,4,'c4');
+------+------+------+
| c1 | c2 | c3 |
+------+------+------+
| 1 | 1 | a1 |
| 1 | 2 | a2 |
| 1 | 3 | a3 |
| 1 | 4 | a4 |
| 2 | 1 | b1 |
| 2 | 2 | b2 |
| 2 | 3 | b3 |
| 2 | 4 | b4 |
| 3 | 1 | c1 |
| 3 | 2 | c2 |
| 3 | 3 | c3 |
| 3 | 4 | c4 |
+------+------+------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)
+------+------+------+------------------+
| c1 | c2 | c3 | rownum |
+------+------+------+------------------+
| 1 | 1 | a1 | 1 |
| 1 | 2 | a2 | 2 |
| 1 | 3 | a3 | 3 |
| 1 | 4 | a4 | 4 |
| 2 | 1 | b1 | 5 |
| 2 | 2 | b2 | 6 |
| 2 | 3 | b3 | 7 |
| 2 | 4 | b4 | 8 |
| 3 | 1 | c1 | 9 |
| 3 | 2 | c2 | 10 |
| 3 | 3 | c3 | 11 |
| 3 | 4 | c4 | 12 |
+------+------+------+------------------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)
CREATE TABLE `sam` (
`a` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
2.插入模拟数据
INSERT INTO `sam` VALUES (1,10),(1,15),(1,20),(1,25),(2,20),(2,22),(2,33),(2,45);
+------+------+
| a | b |
+------+------+
| 1 | 10 |
| 1 | 15 |
| 1 | 20 |
| 1 | 25 |
| 2 | 20 |
| 2 | 22 |
| 2 | 33 |
| 2 | 45 |
+------+------+
3.SQL实现
(select ff.a,ff.b,@rownum:=@rownum+1 rownum,if(@pa=ff.a,@rank:=@rank+1,@rank:=1) as rank,@pa:=ff.a
FROM
(select a,b from sam group by a,b order by a asc,b desc) ff,(select @rank:=0,@rownum:=0,@pa=null) tt) result
having rank <= 2;
4.结果：
+------+------+--------+------+
| a | b | rownum | rank |
+------+------+--------+------+
| 1 | 25 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 20 | 2 | 2 |
| 2 | 45 | 5 | 1 |
| 2 | 33 | 6 | 2 |
+------+------+--------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)