概念科普
- Docker image:镜像是只读的,镜像中包含有需要运行的文件。镜像用来创建container,一个镜像可以运行多个container;镜像可以通过Dockerfile创建,也可以从Docker hub/registry上下载。
- Docker container:容器是Docker的运行组件,启动一个镜像就是一个容器,容器是一个隔离环境,多个容器之间不会相互影响,保证容器中的程序运行在一个相对安全的环境中。
-
Docker hub/registry: 共享和管理Docker镜像,用户可以上传或者下载上面的镜像,官方地址为
https://registry.hub.docker.com/
,也可以搭建自己私有的Docker registry。
运行第一个镜像
将image从仓库下载到本地
docker pull library/hello-world
执行命令docker images 查看所有镜像
[root@insure docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis latest 5958914cc558 weeks ago .9MB
centos latest 75835a67d134 months ago 200MB
hello-world latest 4ab4c602aa5e months ago .84kB
redis 4.0. 8f2e175b3bd1 months ago 107MB
运行刚才下载的镜像
[root@insure docker]# docker run hello-world Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly. To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64)
. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal. To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/ For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
到此,我们第一个镜像运行成功。
现在我们删除所有的容器和镜像,保持一个干净的环境
首先删除容器,因为容器包含在镜像之内,一个镜像可以有很多容器
[root@insure docker]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b13eb6f29cb1 hello-world "/hello" About a minute ago Exited () About a minute ago blissful_benz
356502c8cbfd centos:latest "java -jar /usr/clai…" hours ago Created claimdashboardtest
f5f8aa391da0 centos:latest "/bin/bash" weeks ago Up weeks test-centos
[root@insure docker]# docker rm b13eb6f29cb1
b13eb6f29cb1
[root@insure docker]# docker rm 356502c8cbfd
356502c8cbfd
[root@insure docker]# docker f5f8aa391da0
docker: 'f5f8aa391da0' is not a docker command.
See 'docker --help'
[root@insure docker]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f5f8aa391da0 centos:latest "/bin/bash" weeks ago Up weeks test-centos
删除镜像文件
[root@insure docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis latest 5958914cc558 weeks ago .9MB
centos latest 75835a67d134 months ago 200MB
hello-world latest 4ab4c602aa5e months ago .84kB
redis 4.0. 8f2e175b3bd1 months ago 107MB
[root@insure docker]# docker rmi 5958914cc558
Untagged: redis:latest
Untagged: redis@sha256:f57d1597d038a742dfba6acfaf48b10e6383466eea2aef95d1ee76f32633f959
Deleted: sha256:5958914cc55880091b005658a79645a90fd44ac6a33abef25d6be87658eb9599
Deleted: sha256:2034be36bd0f105ea0b4cbb124a96fa434fda3ce9c32dddcf38f1b6e5699ac91
Deleted: sha256:c2d3730f64b8e231f59d86ac8bdf6de3e62538a5b0030c9a37bf1cf21241ec76
Deleted: sha256:1a869407b0486b83e44fcec89fc7b12935c23caea8768e0e9402df67a01f4ffe
Deleted: sha256:1568b09301049abf7ed4b38406ce96465f2145af91428d9efa8c8c0dc53297fa
Deleted: sha256:42bd21f043c373312ccf3f31fcfeabf596497421e9ff0103b6fb7dc764de631e
Deleted: sha256:ef68f6734aa485edf13a8509fe60e4272428deaf63f446a441b79d47fc5d17d3
[root@insure docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 75835a67d134 months ago 200MB
hello-world latest 4ab4c602aa5e months ago .84kB
redis 4.0. 8f2e175b3bd1 months ago 107MB
上面简单的练习了一下,镜像的下载和删除。
下面正式进入我们的目标文件------------jar
第一步
拉取openjdk镜像
[root@insure dockerfile]# docker pull openjdk
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/openjdk
16e82e17faef: Pull complete
117dc02416a3: Pull complete
7e4c717259ac: Pull complete
7a518b8f48be: Pull complete
add32d44f708: Pull complete
a0158fa08543: Pull complete
eacd9302ecfd: Pull complete
8f9d52bf6cde: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:2cbb95c7479634c53bc2be243554a98d6928c189360fa958d2c970974e7f131f
Status: Downloaded newer image for openjdk:latest
[root@insure dockerfile]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
openjdk latest 8e7eacedab93 weeks ago 986MB
centos latest 75835a67d134 months ago 200MB
第二步编写dockerfile文件
#centos:latest 分别是镜像和版本号
FROM openjdk:latest #将文件<src>拷贝到container的文件系统对应的路径<dest>
ADD claimdashboard-0.0.-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar #RUN命令将在当前image中执行任意合法命令并提交执行结果。命令执行提交后,就会自动执行Dockerfile中的下一个指令
RUN bash -c 'touch /app.jar' ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/app.jar"]
第三步生成镜像
[root@insure dockerfile]# sudo docker build -t="dashboard" .
Sending build context to Docker daemon .15MB
Step / : FROM openjdk:latest
---> 8e7eacedab93
Step / : ADD claimdashboard-0.0.-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar
---> ea0688f6b7cb
Step / : RUN bash -c 'touch /app.jar'
---> Running in e97e88a2fc96
Removing intermediate container e97e88a2fc96
---> 4d3d3cc9f9ce
Step / : ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/app.jar"]
---> Running in 9fa1b0191846
Removing intermediate container 9fa1b0191846
---> 4762105b8815
Successfully built 4762105b8815
Successfully tagged dashboard:latest
[root@insure dockerfile]# docker images 查看已经的镜像
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
dashboard latest 4762105b8815 3 minutes ago 1.07GB
openjdk latest 8e7eacedab93 2 weeks ago 986MB
centos latest 75835a67d134 2 months ago 200MB
注意:命令后面要带上. -t表给镜像命名为dashboard
第四步 启动容器
[root@insure dockerfile]# docker run -d -p : dashboard
0924d9762dccb860e3d4869f27ed8dd6c7b9f69ad25ad368c83ec036e61a7ee0
[root@insure dockerfile]# docker ps -a 查看已有的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0924d9762dcc dashboard "java -jar /app.jar" seconds ago Up seconds 0.0.0.0:->/tcp sleepy_ptolemy
f5f8aa391da0 centos:latest "/bin/bash" weeks ago Up minutes test-centos
命令解析docker run -d -p 8070:8070 dashboard
docker--专有命令 run--表示运行容器 -d 表示后台运行
-p表示端口 前一个端口是外部浏览器访问的端口 后一个端口是内部的端口 两个端口可以不一样
dashboard 容器的名字
第五步 用postman测试效果
到此第一个在docker容器上的jar运行成功并测试通过
1.查看所有的容器ip和名字
docker inspect --format='{{.Name}} - {{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' $(docker ps -aq)
docker run -tid --net=host -v /opt/pj/business.jar:/usr/business.jar --name business java:8u111 java -jar /usr/business.jar
-t: 为container分配一个伪终端(pseudo-tty),并绑定到容器的标准输入上
-i: 让容器的标准输入保持打开
-d: 使容器在后台以守护态(Daemonized)形式运行
--net=host 使用host模式的容器可以直接使用docker host的IP地址与外界通信
-v /usr/springboot-1.jar:/usr/springboot-1.jar 表示将宿主主机的jar文件,映射到容器中(分号前为宿主主机的路径,分号后为容器中的路径)
--name business表示为该容器取一个全局唯一的名称,这里我取的名称为business
java:8u111 表示镜像文件的名称和tag
java -jar /usr/business.jar 表示运行jar包,注意:这里的jar包为容器中的位置,是通过前面的-v属性映射的