MySQL创建用户与授权

查看当前用户

SELECT CURRENT_USER();

CREATE USER 语法

CREATE USER [IF NOT EXISTS]
    user [auth_option] [, user [auth_option]] ...
    DEFAULT ROLE role [, role ] ...
    [REQUIRE {NONE | tls_option [[AND] tls_option] ...}]
    [WITH resource_option [resource_option] ...]
    [password_option | lock_option] ...

user:
    (see Section 6.2.4, “Specifying Account Names”)

auth_option: {
    IDENTIFIED BY 'auth_string'
  | IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin
  | IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin BY 'auth_string'
  | IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin AS 'hash_string'
}

tls_option: {
   SSL
 | X509
 | CIPHER 'cipher'
 | ISSUER 'issuer'
 | SUBJECT 'subject'
}

resource_option: {
    MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR count
  | MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR count
  | MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR count
  | MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS count
}

password_option: {
    PASSWORD EXPIRE [DEFAULT | NEVER | INTERVAL N DAY]
  | PASSWORD HISTORY {DEFAULT | N}
  | PASSWORD REUSE INTERVAL {DEFAULT | N DAY}
  | PASSWORD REQUIRE CURRENT [DEFAULT | OPTIONAL]
}

lock_option: {
    ACCOUNT LOCK
  | ACCOUNT UNLOCK
}

user 即账户名称，语法是  'user_name'@'host_name' ，其中主机地址可以写为 '%'表示接受任何地址的连接。

auth_option 即身份验证方式，可以指定密码以及认证插件（mysql_native_password、sha256_password、caching_sha2_password）。

tls_option 即加密连接选项

resource_option 即用户资源限制，比如每小时最大连接数

password_option 即密码额外的控制，比如设定失效时间

lock_option 账户锁定选项，由管理员上锁或者解锁（ACCOUNT LOCK | ACCOUNT UNLOCK）。

 

最简单的就是指定账户名+密码

CREATE USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

加上认证插件

CREATE USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH sha256_password BY 'password';

指定密码过期，以便用户第一次使用的时候需要修改密码

CREATE USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password' PASSWORD EXPIRE;

也可以指定每隔一段时间修改一次新密码

CREATE USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password' PASSWORD EXPIRE INTERVAL 180 DAY;

可以指定加密连接

-- 不使用加密连接
CREATE USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' REQUIRE NONE；
-- 使用加密连接
CREATE USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' REQUIRE SSL;
-- 使用加密连接，并要求客户端提供有效证书
CREATE USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' REQUIRE X509;

CREATE USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' REQUIRE ISSUER 'CA颁发的有效X.509证书';

CREATE USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' REQUIRE SUBJECT '包含主题的有效X.509证书';

CREATE USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' REQUIRE CIPHER '指定的加密方法';

可以指定资源控制

-- 单位小时内，账户被允许查询500次，更新100次，单位小时内最大连接数不限制。最大并发连接数不限制
CREATE USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' WITH MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR 500 MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR 100 MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR 0 MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS 0；

可以锁定账户

-- 锁定
CREATE USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' ACCOUNT LOCK
-- 解锁
ALTER USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' ACCOUNT UNLOCK

最后完整的命令选项大概这个样子

CREATE USER 'user_name'@'host_name' IDENTIFIED [WITH auth_plugin] BY 'auth_string' [REQUIRE NONE(SSL,X509)] [WITH MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR count | MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR count | MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR count | MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS count] [PASSWORD EXPIRE] [ACCOUNT LOCK]

如果你要删除账户

DROP USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost';

如果你要修改名称

RENAME USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' TO 'jeff'@'127.0.0.1';

ALTER USER语法

ALTER USER [IF EXISTS]
    user [auth_option] [, user [auth_option]] ...
    [REQUIRE {NONE | tls_option [[AND] tls_option] ...}]
    [WITH resource_option [resource_option] ...]
    [password_option | lock_option] ...

ALTER USER [IF EXISTS] USER() user_func_auth_option

ALTER USER [IF EXISTS]
    user DEFAULT ROLE
    {NONE | ALL | role [, role ] ...}

user:
    (see Section 6.2.4, “Specifying Account Names”)

auth_option: {
    IDENTIFIED BY 'auth_string'
        [REPLACE 'current_auth_string']
        [RETAIN CURRENT PASSWORD]
  | IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin
  | IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin BY 'auth_string'
        [REPLACE 'current_auth_string']
        [RETAIN CURRENT PASSWORD]
  | IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin AS 'auth_string'
  | DISCARD OLD PASSWORD
}

user_func_auth_option: {
    IDENTIFIED BY 'auth_string'
        [REPLACE 'current_auth_string']
        [RETAIN CURRENT PASSWORD]
  | DISCARD OLD PASSWORD
}

tls_option: {
   SSL
 | X509
 | CIPHER 'cipher'
 | ISSUER 'issuer'
 | SUBJECT 'subject'
}

resource_option: {
    MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR count
  | MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR count
  | MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR count
  | MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS count
}

password_option: {
    PASSWORD EXPIRE [DEFAULT | NEVER | INTERVAL N DAY]
  | PASSWORD HISTORY {DEFAULT | N}
  | PASSWORD REUSE INTERVAL {DEFAULT | N DAY}
  | PASSWORD REQUIRE CURRENT [DEFAULT | OPTIONAL]
}

lock_option: {
    ACCOUNT LOCK
  | ACCOUNT UNLOCK
}

选项和创建的差不多，这里不做解释了。

修改自己当前的密码

ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password';

修改账户密码

ALTER USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password';

修改认证插件

ALTER USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password;

修改密码和插件

ALTER USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'new_password';

修改角色

-- 授予自定义角色
ALTER USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' DEFAULT ROLE your_role_name;
-- 无角色
ALTER USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' DEFAULT ROLE NONE;
-- 所有角色
ALTER USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' DEFAULT ROLE ALL;

修改加密方式

-- 只有账户密码正确，无须加密连接
ALTER USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' REQUIRE NONE;
-- 需要加密连接
ALTER USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' REQUIRE SSL;
...

修改资源访问

-- 单位小时内，最大查询数量和更新数量
ALTER USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' WITH MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR 500 MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR 100;

指定密码过期

ALTER USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE;

修改锁定解锁

ALTER USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' ACCOUNT LOCK;
ALTER USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' ACCOUNT UNLOCK;

角色相关

-- 名字规范
'role_name'@'host_name'
-- 通常仅使用用户名部分指定角色名称，并隐式使用主机名部分 '%'，主机名部分没有任何意义
'admin'

创建角色

-- 省略主机名，默认为 '%'
CREATE ROLE 'admin', 'dev';
-- 这种也可以，但是没意义
CREATE ROLE 'app'@'localhost';

移除角色

DROP ROLE 'admin', 'dev';

GRANT语法

GRANT
    priv_type [(column_list)]
      [, priv_type [(column_list)]] ...
    ON [object_type] priv_level
    TO user_or_role [, user_or_role] ...
    [WITH GRANT OPTION]
    [AS user
        [WITH ROLE
            DEFAULT
          | NONE
          | ALL
          | ALL EXCEPT role [, role ] ...
          | role [, role ] ...
        ]
    ]
}

GRANT PROXY ON user_or_role
    TO user_or_role [, user_or_role] ...
    [WITH GRANT OPTION]

GRANT role [, role] ...
    TO user_or_role [, user_or_role] ...
    [WITH ADMIN OPTION]

object_type: {
    TABLE
  | FUNCTION
  | PROCEDURE
}

priv_level: {
    *
  | *.*
  | db_name.*
  | db_name.tbl_name
  | tbl_name
  | db_name.routine_name
}

user_or_role: {
    user
  | role
}

user:
    (see Section 6.2.4, “Specifying Account Names”)

role:
    (see Section 6.2.5, “Specifying Role Names”)

GRANT语法使得管理员能够授予账户权限或者角色，但是GRANT不能再一个语句中同时授予权限和角色。

• 有ON，是授予权限
• 无ON，是授予角色

-- 授予数据库db1的所有权限给指定账户
GRANT ALL ON db1.* TO 'jeffrey'@'localhost';
-- 授予角色给指定的账户
GRANT 'role1', 'role2' TO 'user1'@'localhost', 'user2'@'localhost';
-- 授予数据库world的SELECT权限给指定的角色
GRANT SELECT ON world.* TO 'role3';

 基本语法

GRANT [权限] ON [数据库名].[表名] TO 'user_name'@'localhost' ...;
-- 授予所有数据库的权限
GRANT [权限] ON *.* TO 'user_name'@'localhost' ...;

 

注：全局权限是管理或适用于给定服务器上的所有数据库。要分配全局权限，请使用 ON *.*语法

下面是权限列表

 

权限范围示例

-- 数据库权限
GRANT ALL ON mydb.* TO 'user_name'@'host_name';
-- 表权限
GRANT ALL ON mydb.mytable TO 'user_name'@'host_name';
-- 列权限
GRANT SELECT (col1), INSERT (col1, col2) ON mydb.mytable TO 'user_name'@'host_name';

-- 存储过程权限
GRANT CREATE ROUTINE ON mydb.* TO 'user_name'@'host_name';
GRANT EXECUTE ON PROCEDURE mydb.myproc TO 'user_name'@'host_name';

 

授权之后可以使用flush命令使其立即生效

FLUSH PRIVILEGES

FLUSH语法（可以FLUSH很多东西）

FLUSH [NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG | LOCAL] {
    flush_option [, flush_option] ...
  | tables_option
}

flush_option: {
    BINARY LOGS
  | ENGINE LOGS
  | ERROR LOGS
  | GENERAL LOGS
  | HOSTS
  | LOGS
  | PRIVILEGES
  | OPTIMIZER_COSTS
  | RELAY LOGS [FOR CHANNEL channel]
  | SLOW LOGS
  | STATUS
  | USER_RESOURCES
}

tables_option: {
    TABLES
  | TABLES tbl_name [, tbl_name] ...
  | TABLES WITH READ LOCK
  | TABLES tbl_name [, tbl_name] ... WITH READ LOCK
  | TABLES tbl_name [, tbl_name] ... FOR EXPORT
}

 

比如：

FLUSH PRIVILEGES 包含了以下操作

1. 重新加载mysql系统数据库中的grant表中的权限信息，并清除caching_sha2_password身份验证插件使用的内存缓存。

2. 服务器读取包含动态特权分配的global_grants表，并注册其中的任何未注册特权。

3. 服务器通过GRANT、CREATE USER、CREATE SERVER和INSTALL PLUGIN语句将信息缓存到内存中。对应的REVOKE、DROP USER、DROP SERVER和UNINSTALL插件语句不会释放这些内存，因此对于执行许多导致缓存的语句实例的服务器，内存使用量将会增加。可以使用刷新特权释放此缓存内存。

FLUSH TABLES 包含以下操作

关闭所有打开的表，强制关闭所有正在使用的表，并刷新准备好的语句缓存。

REVOKE语法

既然可以授权，那么就可以撤销

REVOKE
    priv_type [(column_list)]
      [, priv_type [(column_list)]] ...
    ON [object_type] priv_level
    FROM user_or_role [, user_or_role] ...

REVOKE ALL [PRIVILEGES], GRANT OPTION
    FROM user_or_role [, user_or_role] ...

REVOKE PROXY ON user_or_role
    FROM user_or_role [, user_or_role] ...

REVOKE role [, role ] ...
    FROM user_or_role [, user_or_role ] ...

user_or_role: {
    user
  | role
}

user:
    (see Section 6.2.4, “Specifying Account Names”)

role:
    (see Section 6.2.5, “Specifying Role Names”.

REVOKE可以实现权限或者角色的撤销（前提：拥有GRANT权限和REVOKE权限）

-- 撤销用户的INSERT权限
REVOKE INSERT ON *.* FROM 'jeffrey'@'localhost';
-- 撤销用户的指定角色
REVOKE 'role1', 'role2' FROM 'user1'@'localhost', 'user2'@'localhost';
-- 撤销角色的INSERT权限
REVOKE SELECT ON world.* FROM 'role3';

撤销所有权限（只能撤销权限，不能撤销角色）

-- 从账户或者角色上撤销所有权限
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION FROM user_or_role [, user_or_role] ...
-- 撤销账户
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION FROM 'jeffrey'@'localhost'
-- 撤销角色
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION FROM 'role3'

在全局上撤销权限（*.*）

-- 全局上撤销所有权限
REVOKE ALL ON *.* FROM 'jeffrey'@'localhost';