Kubernetes 集群的两种部署过程（daemon部署和容器化部署）以及glusterfs的应用！

ClusterIp：通过VIP来访问,

NodePort: 需要自己搭建负载据衡器

LoadBalancer：仅仅用于特定的云提供商和 Google Container Engine

https://www.nginx.com/blog/load-balancing-kubernetes-services-nginx-plus/

port：相当于服务端口（对及集群内客户访问）

targetPort: 相当于pods端口

nodePort；宿主机端口（也是服务端口，只不过是对集群外客户访问）

hostPort: 相当于docker run 中的 -p (localhost 端口)

访问流程：

client ――》nodePort ――》node local random Port ――》Cluster-Ip Port ――》targetPort ――》containerPort

服务发现有两种：

环境变量：默认支持，

DNS：需要以插件的形式安装skyDNS

注：

环境变量方式存在限制：Pod必须在Service之后创建，DNS则没有这个限制

kubenetes（ppc64le）:

0. 关闭firewalld服务器

a. systemctl disable firewalld

b. systemctl stop firewalld

1. 在所有上安装at9.0:

# yum install -y advance-toolchain-at9.0-runtime \

advance-toolchain-at9.0-devel \

advance-toolchain-at9.0-perf \

advance-toolchain-at9.0-mcore-libs

# echo "export PATH=/opt/at9.0/bin:/opt/at9.0/sbin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile.d/at9.sh

# source /etc/profile.d/at9.sh

# /opt/at9.0/sbin/ldconfig

2. master节点：

a. # git clone https://github.com/Pensu/pause.git

# cd pause

# make

b. yum install kubernetes-client kubernetes-master etcd

c. 配置/etc/kubernetes/config:

KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR="--logtostderr=true"

KUBE_LOG_LEVEL="--v=0"

KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV="--allow-privileged=false"

KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://172.16.9.158:8080"

d. 配置/etc/kubernetes/apiserver ：

KUBE_API_ADDRESS="--insecure-bind-address=0.0.0.0"

#KUBE_API_PORT="--port=8080"

# KUBELET_PORT="--kubelet-port=10250"

KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS="--etcd-servers=http://172.16.9.158:2379"

KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES="--service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16"

KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL="--admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,NamespaceExists,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ResourceQuota"

KUBE_API_ARGS=""

e. 配置/etc/etcd/etcd.conf：

ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://0.0.0.0:2379"

ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://0.0.0.0:2379"

f. 启动服务：

# for SERVICES in kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler; do

systemctl restart $SERVICES

systemctl enable $SERVICES

systemctl status $SERVICES

done

3. 配置Minion：

a. yum install docker-io kubernetes-client kubernetes-node

b. 配置 /etc/kubernetes/kubelet：

KUBELET_ADDRESS="--address=0.0.0.0"

# KUBELET_PORT="--port=10250"

KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=172.16.9.158"

KUBELET_API_SERVER="--api-servers=http://172.16.9.158:8080"

KUBELET_ARGS="--pod-infra-container-image=docker.repo:5000/kube/pause:0.8.0"

c. 启动服务：

for SERVICES in kube-proxy kubelet flanneld docker; do

systemctl restart $SERVICES

systemctl enable $SERVICES

systemctl status $SERVICES

done

4. 应用：

a. 编写replicationControl：

cat > httprc.yml <<EOF

apiVersion: v1

kind: ReplicationController

metadata:

spec:

replicas: 2

template:

metadata:

labels:

app: httpd

spec:

containers:

- name: httpd

image: ppc64le/httpd

ports:

- containerPort: 80

EOF

b. 编写Service：

cat > httpsvc-nodeport.yml <<EOF

apiVersion: v1

kind: Service

metadata:

spec:

type: NodePort

ports:

- port: 80

targetPort: 80

protocol: TCP

nodePort: 30080

selector:

app: httpd

EOF

c. 分别创建replicationControl和Service：

kubectl create -f httprc.yml

kubectl create -f httpsvc-nodeport.yml

d. 查看应用：

kubectl get pod

kubectl get rc

kubectl get svc

5. flannel安装与配置：

http://blog.shippable.com/kubernetes-cluster-with-flannel-overlay-network

a. yum -y install flannel (在minion节点)

b. 设置通讯子网

etcdctl set /atomic.io/network/config '{"Network":"10.10.0.0/16", "Backend":{"Type":"vxlan"}}' (在master节点)

curl http://172.16.0.204:4001/v2/keys//atomic.io/network/config -XPUT -d value='{"Network":"10.10.0.0/16", "Backend":{"Type":"vxlan"}}'

c. 配置/etc/sysconfig/flanneld

FLANNEL_ETCD="http://172.16.9.158:2379"

FLANNEL_ETCD_KEY="/atomic.io/network"

#FLANNEL_OPTIONS=""

d. service flanneld start;

e. 修改flannel.conf为以下内容：

cat >/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.d/flannel.conf<<EOF

[Service]

EnvironmentFile=-/run/flannel/docker

ExecStart=

ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker daemon $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -H fd://

EOF

注：添加此行的目的主要是要添加 $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS 此变量，由于默认安装的docker-io(1.9.1，此版本在/etc/sysconfig/下也仅有docker文件，并没有像其它的rpm安装包一样，包含docker-network和docker-storage等等文件，因此也没有定义相关的变量，当然这些文件必须在docker.service里面使用EnvironmentFile来引用)里面的启动服务脚本中并没有添加此变量，所以要重新进行添加，而此处的这个变量是由flannel（具体是由mk-docker-opts.sh）产生的.

f. systemctl deamon-reload; service docker restart

防火墙（公共）要开启端口的服务有：

kube-apiserver: 默认是8080

kube-proxy: 对应nodePort

etcd: 默认是2379

flanneld：默认bankend，使用UDP(8285)来封装数据报文，建议使用另一种后端类型：vxlan(8472)，有公司评测过，不管是在兼容性和性能上都比较好，评测网址：https://blog.tingyun.com/web/article/detail/406

glusterfs: glusterd(24007)、 glusterfsd(49152)、 rpcbind(111)

cAdvisor: 4194

skydns: 53

kubelet: 10250

kube2sky: 8081

skydns和kube2sky:

1. 拷贝skydns和kube2sky二进制程序到/usr/local/bin

cp skydns kube2sky/usr/local/bin

2. 在etcd里配置skydns:

curl http://172.16.0.204:4001/v2/keys/skydns/config -XPUT -d value='{"addr_dns": "192.168.33.67:53", "ttl": 3600, "domain": "cluster.local.", "nameservers": ["219.141.136.10:53", "114.114.114.114:53"]}'

3. 分别配置 skydns和kube2sky的服务启动脚本

a. /usr/lib/systemd/system/skydns.service:

[Unit]

Description=SkyDNS service

[Service]

ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/skydns -machines=http://172.16.0.204:4001

Restart=on-failure

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

b. /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube2sky.service:

[Unit]

Description=Kube2sky service

After=skydns.service kube-apiserver.service

[Service]

ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube2sky \

--domain=cluster.local \

--etcd-server=http://172.16.0.204:4001 \

--kube-master-url=http://172.16.1.27:8080

Restart=on-failure

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

管理node的标签

使用kubectl label nodes {nodename} {key=value} 进行标签的添加。如：

kubectl label nodes 10.126.72.31 points=test

Kubernetes的持久存储Glusterfs：

在minion节点上:

1. 更改/etc/kubernetes/config为如下内容：

KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR="--logtostderr=true"

KUBE_LOG_LEVEL="--v=0"

KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV="--allow-privileged=true"(此项只有在glusterfs作为kubeneters的pod时使用)

KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://172.16.9.158:8080"

2. 更改/etc/kubernetes/kubelet为如下内容：

KUBELET_ADDRESS="--address=0.0.0.0"

KUBELET_PORT="--port=10250"

KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=172.16.9.158"

KUBELET_API_SERVER="--api-servers=http://172.16.9.158:8080"

KUBELET_ARGS="--pod-infra-container-image=docker.repo:5000/kube/pause:0.8.0 \

--register-node=true \

--host-network-sources=*"(此项只有在glusterfs作为kubeneters的pod时使用)

3. 配置glusterfs的yum repo：

cat > glusterfs.repo <<EOF

# Place this file in your /etc/yum.repos.d/ directory

[glusterfs-epel]

name=GlusterFS is a clustered file-system capable of scaling to several petabytes.

baseurl=http://download.gluster.org/pub/gluster/glusterfs/3.7/LATEST/EPEL.repo/epel-$releasever/$basearch/

enabled=1

skip_if_unavailable=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=http://download.gluster.org/pub/gluster/glusterfs/3.7/LATEST/rsa.pub

[glusterfs-noarch-epel]

name=GlusterFS is a clustered file-system capable of scaling to several petabytes.

baseurl=http://download.gluster.org/pub/gluster/glusterfs/3.7/LATEST/EPEL.repo/epel-$releasever/noarch

enabled=1

skip_if_unavailable=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=http://download.gluster.org/pub/gluster/glusterfs/3.7/LATEST/rsa.pub

[glusterfs-source-epel]

name=GlusterFS is a clustered file-system capable of scaling to several petabytes. - Source

baseurl=http://download.gluster.org/pub/gluster/glusterfs/3.7/LATEST/EPEL.repo/epel-$releasever/SRPMS

enabled=0

skip_if_unavailable=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=http://download.gluster.org/pub/gluster/glusterfs/3.7/LATEST/rsa.pub

EOF

4. glusterfs服务端的软件安装：

yum -y install glusterfs-server

5. glusterfs客户端的软件安装：

yum -y install glusterfs glusterfs-fuse

6. 在glusterfs服务端启动glusterd服务:

service glusterd start

7. 配置hosts文件：

a. 在gluster1节点上，配置hosts文件如下：

cat >> /etc/hosts <<EOF

127.0.0.1 gluster1

172.16.12.10gluster2

EOF

b. 在gluster2节点上，配置hosts文件如下：

cat >> /etc/hosts <<EOF

172.16.12.9gluster1

127.0.0.1gluster2

EOF

8. 组建glusterfs集群：

a. gluster peer probe gluster2

b. 查看集群节点状态：

gluster peer status

9. 需要一个独立的分区，用于glusterfs创建数据卷,此处假设为/dev/vdb

a. mkdir /brick；mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb1

b. mount /dev/vdb1 /brick

c. 创建glusterfs卷：

gluster volume create gv1 replica 2 gluster1:/brick/gv1 gluster2:/brick/gv1

d. 启动gv1卷：

gluster volume start gv1

c. 查看gv1卷的状态：

gluster volume info

10. 客户端挂载测试：

a. 客户端先配置好hosts

cat >> /etc/hosts <<EOF

172.16.12.9gluster1

172.16.12.10gluster2

EOF

b. mount -t glusterfs gluster1:/gv1 /mnt

11. 与k8s集成：

a. 创建glusterfs的endpoints(相当于glusterfs文件系统的入口)：

cat > glusterfs-endpoints.yml <<EOF

apiVersion: v1

kind: Endpoints

metadata:

subsets:

- addresses:

- ip: 172.16.12.9

ports:

- port: 1

- addresses:

- ip: 172.16.12.10

ports:

- port: 1

EOF

b. 配置glusterfs-endpoints的services：

cat > glusterfs-service.yml <<EOF

apiVersion: v1

kind: Service

metadata:

spec:

ports:

- port: 1

EOF

c. 部署用glusterfs做后端存储的应用，此处用ppc64le/httpd来举例：

cat > apache-deployment.yml <<EOF

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1

kind: Deployment

metadata:

spec:

replicas: 2

template:

metadata:

labels:

app: apache

spec:

containers:

- name: apache

image: ppc64le/httpd

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

ports:

- containerPort: 80

volumeMounts:

- mountPath: /usr/local/apache2/htdocs

volumes:

- name: glusterfsvol

glusterfs:

endpoints: glusterfs-cluster

path: gv1

EOF

d. 定义ppc64le/httpd应用对应的Service

cat > apache-service.yml <<EOF

apiVersion: v1

kind: Service

metadata:

spec:

type: NodePort

ports:

- port: 80

targetPort: 80

nodePort: 30080

selector:

app: apache

EOF

e. 依次执行以下创建：

kubectl create -f glusterfs-endpoints.yml

kubectl create -f glusterfs-service.yml

kubectl create -f apache-deployment.yml

kubectl create -f apache-service.yml

Kubernetes集群的容器化部署方法：

master节点：

1. 安装kubernetes-node、kubernetes-client、etcd和flannel

a. yum -y install etcd flannel kubernetes-node kubernetes-client

b. 配置flannel 和 docker：

同普通方式的kube的部署方法，如果docker版本是>1.11.* 那么在docker.service 里面还要加上：

--exec-root=/var/lib/docker

2. 修改/etc/kubernetes/kubelet如下：

KUBELET_ADDRESS="--address=0.0.0.0"

KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=172.16.8.68"

KUBELET_API_SERVER="--api-servers=http://172.16.8.68:8080"

KUBELET_ARGS="--pod-infra-container-image=docker.repo:5000/kube/pause:0.8.0 \

--config=/etc/kubernetes/manifests \

--register-schedulable=false \

--cluster-dns=10.254.53.53 \

--cluster-domain=cluster.local"

3. 修改/etc/kubernetes/config如下：

KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR="--logtostderr=true"

KUBE_LOG_LEVEL="--v=0"

KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV="--allow-privileged=true"

KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://172.16.8.68:8080"

4. 在/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service的[Service]段添加如下内容：

ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/manifests

5. 配置/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml:

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

namespace: kube-system

spec:

hostNetwork: true

containers:

- name: kube-apiserver

image: index.tenxcloud.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver-ppc64le:v1.3.0

command:

- /usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver

- --insecure-bind-address=0.0.0.0

- --etcd-servers=http://172.16.11.244:4001

- --advertise-address=172.16.11.244

- --allow-privileged=true

- --service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16

- --admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ResourceQuota

- --runtime-config=extensions/v1beta1=true, extensions/v1beta1/thirdpartresources=true

ports:

- containerPort: 8080

hostPort: 8080

6. 配置/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-proxy.yaml:

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

namespace: kube-system

spec:

hostNetwork: true

containers:

- name: kube-proxy

image: index.tenxcloud.com/google_containers/kube-proxy-ppc64le:v1.3.0

command:

- /usr/local/bin/kube-proxy

- --master=http://172.16.11.244:8080

- --proxy-mode=iptables

securityContext:

privileged: true

7. 配置/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml:

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

namespace: kube-system

spec:

hostNetwork: true

containers:

- name: kube-controller-manager

image: index.tenxcloud.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager-ppc64le:v1.3.0

command:

- /usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager

- --master=http://172.16.11.244:8080

- --leader-elect=true

8. 配置/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml:

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

namespace: kube-system

spec:

hostNetwork: true

containers:

- name: kube-scheduler

image: index.tenxcloud.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler-ppc64le:v1.3.0

command:

- /usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler

- --master=http://172.16.11.244:8080

- --leader-elect=true

9. 启动kubelet服务：

systemctl start kubelet

10. 验证apiserver端口8080是否开启：

ss -an src :8080

minion节点：

1. 安装kubernetes-node、kubernetes-client和flannel

yum -y install flannel kubernetes-node kubernetes-client

2. 修改/etc/kubernetes/kubelet如下：

KUBELET_ADDRESS="--address=0.0.0.0"

KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override={{ inventory_hostname }}"

KUBELET_API_SERVER="--api-servers=http://172.16.8.68:8080"

KUBELET_ARGS="--pod-infra-container-image=docker.repo:5000/kube/pause:0.8.0 \

--config=/etc/kubernetes/manifests \

--register-node=true \

--cluster-dns=10.254.53.53 \

--cluster-domain=cluster.local"

3. 修改/etc/kubernetes/config如下：

同master节点

4. 在/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service的[Service]段添加如下内容：

同master节点

5. 配置/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-proxy.yaml:

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

namespace: kube-system

spec:

hostNetwork: true

containers:

- name: kube-proxy

image: index.tenxcloud.com/google_containers/kube-proxy-ppc64le:v1.3.0

command:

- /usr/local/bin/kube-proxy

- --master=http://172.16.11.244:8080

- --proxy-mode=iptables

securityContext:

privileged: true

6. 启动服务：

a. systemctl daemon-reload

b. for i in flanneld docker kubelet; do

systemctl enable $i

systemctl restart $i

systemctl status $i

done

7. 在master节点查看minion节点是否注册：

kubectl get nodes

本文出自 “一切皆有可能” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://noican.blog.51cto.com/4081966/1825495

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Kubernetes 集群的两种部署过程（daemon部署和容器化部署）以及glusterfs的应用！

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