Ubuntu 16.04下kubeadm安装Kubernetes

时间：2022-10-11 08:10:34

环境的准备

由于考虑网络的问题，在公有云平台上申请了一台新加坡地域的Ubuntu机器，由于看到网上kubeadm安装都是使用Ubuntu 16.04 64bit版本，所以也申请了两台Ubuntu 16.04 64bit版本

备注：
在kubeadm支持的Ubuntu 16.04+, CentOS 7 or HypriotOS v1.0.1+三种操作系统

安装Docker

(1) 更新apt-get的源

# curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add
OK

# echo "deb http://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

# apt-get update

(2) 安装Docker

# apt-get install docker-engine

# docker version
Client:
 Version:      1.11.2
 API version:  1.23
 Go version:   go1.5.4
 Git commit:   b9f10c9
 Built:        Wed Jun  1 22:00:43 2016
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64

Server:
 Version:      1.11.2
 API version:  1.23
 Go version:   go1.5.4
 Git commit:   b9f10c9
 Built:        Wed Jun  1 22:00:43 2016
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64

安装kubernetes基础组件

安装kubelet kubeadm kubectl kubernetes-cni

# apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl kubernetes-cni

安装kubernetes Master节点

# 设置网络的分配地址段为：192.168.0.0/16，部署master组件
# kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16

[kubeadm] WARNING: kubeadm is in beta, please do not use it for production clusters.
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.7.0
[init] Using Authorization modes: [Node RBAC]
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] WARNING: docker version is greater than the most recently validated version. Docker version: 17.06.0-ce. Max validated version: 1.12
[certificates] Generated CA certificate and key.
[certificates] Generated API server certificate and key.
[certificates] API Server serving cert is signed for DNS names [VM-133-17-ubuntu kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 10.144.133.17]
[certificates] Generated API server kubelet client certificate and key.
[certificates] Generated service account token signing key and public key.
[certificates] Generated front-proxy CA certificate and key.
[certificates] Generated front-proxy client certificate and key.
[certificates] Valid certificates and keys now exist in "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf"
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf"
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.conf"
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf"
[apiclient] Created API client, waiting for the control plane to become ready
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 79.000826 seconds
[token] Using token: 262500.83d33677d341d692
[apiconfig] Created RBAC rules
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-dns

Your Kubernetes master has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run (as a regular user):

 mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
 sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
 sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
 http://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/addons/

You can now join any number of machines by running the following on each node
as root:

 kubeadm join --token 262500.83d33677d341d692 10.144.133.17:6443

kubeadmin命令会自动

  • 系统状态检查
  • 生成token
  • 生成自签名CA和可独断证书
  • 生成kubeconfig用于kubelet连接API server
  • 为Master组件生成Static Pod manifests，并放到/etc/kubernetes/manifests目录中
  • 配置RBAC并设置Master node只运行控制平面组件
  • 创建附加服务，比如kube-proxy和kube-dns

配置网络

在安装完Master节点后，查看节点信息会发现节点的状态为noready。查看noready的原因发现是由于cni插件没有配置。其实这是由于还没有配置网络。可以配置多种网络，这里作者选用最长远的fannel网络进行配置。

kubectl create -f https://github.com/coreos/flannel/raw/master/Documentation/kube-flannel-rbac.yml
kubectl create -f https://github.com/coreos/flannel/raw/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

至此master节点已经安装完成，master节点已经处于ready状态。

# kubectl get nodes -s https://10.144.133.17:6443 --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
NAME                STATUS    AGE       VERSION
vm-133-17-ubuntu    Ready     3h        v1.7.0

添加kubernetes slave节点

kubeadmin正常的流程是：

# kubeadm join --token 262500.83d33677d341d692 10.144.133.17:6443

[kubeadm] WARNING: kubeadm is in beta, please do not use it for production clusters.
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] WARNING: docker version is greater than the most recently validated version. Docker version: 17.06.0-ce. Max validated version: 1.12
[discovery] Trying to connect to API Server "10.144.133.17:6443"
[discovery] Created cluster-info discovery client, requesting info from "https://10.144.133.17:6443"
[discovery] Cluster info signature and contents are valid, will use API Server "https://10.144.133.17:6443"
[discovery] Successfully established connection with API Server "10.144.133.17:6443"
[bootstrap] Detected server version: v1.7.0
[bootstrap] The server supports the Certificates API (certificates.k8s.io/v1beta1)
[csr] Created API client to obtain unique certificate for this node, generating keys and certificate signing request
[csr] Received signed certificate from the API server, generating KubeConfig...
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf"

Node join complete:
* Certificate signing request sent to master and response
  received.
* Kubelet informed of new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the master to see this machine join.

但实际中在添加slave节点中，遇到了v1.7的debug。具体的issue链接kubeadmin #335。

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Role
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:controller:bootstrap-signer
  namespace: kube-public
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - configmaps
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resourceNames:
  - cluster-info
  resources:
  - configmaps
  verbs:
  - update
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - events
  verbs:
  - create
  - patch
  - update
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:controller:bootstrap-signer
  namespace: kube-public
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: system:controller:bootstrap-signer
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: bootstrap-signer
  namespace: kube-system

自行对应的Yaml的创建操作后，添加可以成功。但是仍然无法在master上查看到对应主机的信息。

对应的修复方式为：

# scp -r ubuntu@10.144.133.17:/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /etc/kubernetes

# ln -s -f admin.conf kubelet.conf

# service kubelet restart

至此slave节点也安装成功。

其他信息

(1) 指定版本创建

# kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.6.1 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

(2) 获取加入节点的token 

# kubeadm token list
TOKEN                     TTL         EXPIRES   USAGES                   DESCRIPTION
17a2fb.ce1bd59ce494f837   <forever>   <never>   authentication,signing   The default bootstrap token generated by 'kubeadm init'.

(3)创建全通的网络策略

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
  name: allow-all
spec:
  podSelector:
  ingress:
  - {}

参考链接：

https://kubernetes.io/docs/getting-started-guides/kubeadm/
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/network-policies/
https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/kubeadm/#config-file

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