Linux下TCP/socket编程

时间:2021-05-28 07:27:47

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基本模型:

Linux下TCP/socket编程

 

核心代码:

#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
//服务器: socket() //创建socket
struct sockaddr_in //准备通信地址
bind() //绑定socket和addr
listen() //创建listening socket
accept() //创建connect socket
send()/recv() //进行通信
close() //关闭socket //客户端: socket() //创建socket
准备通信地址:服务器的地址
connect() //链接socket和通信地址
send()/recv() //进行通信
close() //关闭socket

关键函数解释:

bind()

//把通信地址和socket文件描述符绑定,用在服务器端,成功返回0,失败返回-1设errno

int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);

sockfd: socket文件的fd(returned by socket())

addr: 需要强制类型转换成socketaddr_un或soketaddr_in, 参见上

addrlen: 通信地址的大小, 使用sizeof();

listen()

//创建侦听socket,把sockfd标记的socket标记为被动socket,被动socket表示这个socket只能用来接收即将到来的连接请求,不再用于读写操作和通信,接收连接请求的是accept()

//成功返回0,失败返回-1设errno

int listen(int sockfd, int backlog);

backlog:排队等待“被响应”连接请求队列的最大长度 eg: 接待室的最大长度

accept()

//创建连接socket,返回连接socket的文件描述符,成功返回文件描述符,失败返回-1设errno

int accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen);

addr : 结构体指针, 用于带出客户端的通信地址

addlen : 结构体指针, 用于带出通信地址的大小

ATTENTION: listen()把socket()创建的sockfd变为listening socket, 负责侦听哪个client连接上了(即不但要知道连上没, 还要知道谁连上了, 这个SOCK_STREAM的socket有这个能力), accept()提取排队中的最上面的一个client, 给它一个conneted socket, 这样这个client就可以和server沟通了, 就是说这里有两个socket, 一个负责侦听一个负责通信

send()

//向指定的socket发送指定的数据,成功返回实际发送数据的大小,失败返回-1设errno

ssize_t send(int sockfd, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags);

sockfd: 用于通信的socket描述符(returned by accept())

buf : 被发送数据的缓冲区首地址

len : 被发送数据的大小

flags: 发送的标志, 如果给0等同于write()

recv()

//从指定的socket接收数据,成功返回接收的数据的大小,失败返回-1设errno

ssize_t recv(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len, int flags);

sockfd: 用于通信的socket描述符(returned by accept())

buf: 接收数据的缓冲区首地址

len: 接收数据的大小

flags: 发送的标志, 如果给0等同于read()

connect()

//初始化一个socket的连接,用在客户端,成功返回0,失败返回-1设errno

int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);

sockfd: socket文件的fd(returned by socket())

addr: 需要强制类型转换成socketaddr_un或soketaddr_in, 参见上

addrlen: 通信地址的大小, 使用sizeof();

源代码:

1、client端:

/*
./server (local ip) 7575
自己ip 端口
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <resolv.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h> #define MAXBUF 1024 int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int sockfd, len;
struct sockaddr_in dest;
char buffer[MAXBUF + ];
if (argc != )
{
printf(" error format,it must be:\n\t\t%s IP port\n",argv[]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
} if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, )) < ) {
perror("Socket");
exit(errno);
}
printf("socket created\n"); bzero(&dest, sizeof(dest));
dest.sin_family = AF_INET;
dest.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[]));
if (inet_aton(argv[], (struct in_addr *) &dest.sin_addr.s_addr) == )
{
perror(argv[]);
exit(errno);
}
if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &dest, sizeof(dest))==-)
{
perror("Connect ");
exit(errno);
}
printf("server connected\n"); while () {
bzero(buffer, MAXBUF + );
len = recv(sockfd, buffer, MAXBUF, );
if (len > )
printf("recv successful:'%s',%d byte recv\n",buffer, len);
else {
if (len < )
printf("send failure,errno code is %d,err message is '%s'\n",errno, strerror(errno));
else
printf("the other one close ,quit\n");
break;
}
bzero(buffer, MAXBUF + );
printf("pls send message to send:");
fgets(buffer, MAXBUF, stdin);
if (!strncasecmp(buffer, "quit", ))
{
printf(" i will quit!\n");
break;
}
len = send(sockfd, buffer, strlen(buffer) - , );
if (len < )
{
printf("message '%s' send failure,errno code is %d,errno message is '%s'\n",buffer, errno, strerror(errno));
break;
} else
printf("message:%s\tsend successful,%dbyte send!\n",buffer, len);
}
close(sockfd);
return ;
}

2、server端:

/*
./server (local ip) 7575 5
自己ip 端口 等待队列大小
ifconfig -a
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h> #define MAXBUF 1024 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int pid; int sockfd, new_fd;
socklen_t len;
struct sockaddr_in my_addr, their_addr;
unsigned int myport, lisnum;
char buf[MAXBUF + ]; if (argv[])
myport = atoi(argv[]);
else
myport = ; if (argv[])
lisnum = atoi(argv[]);
else
lisnum = ; if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, )) == -)
{
perror("socket");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
} bzero(&my_addr, sizeof(my_addr));
my_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
my_addr.sin_port = htons(myport);
if (argv[])
my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[]);
else
my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &my_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr))== -)
{
perror("bind");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
} if (listen(sockfd,lisnum ) == -)
{
perror("listen");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("wait for connect\n");
len = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
if ((new_fd =accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &their_addr,&len)) == -)
{
perror("accept");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
else
printf("server: got connection from %s, port %d, socket %d\n",inet_ntoa(their_addr.sin_addr),ntohs(their_addr.sin_port), new_fd); while ()
{
printf("newfd=%d\n",new_fd);
bzero(buf, MAXBUF + );
printf("input the message to send:");
fgets(buf, MAXBUF, stdin);
if (!strncasecmp(buf, "quit", ))
{
printf("i will close the connect!\n");
break;
}
len = send(new_fd, buf, strlen(buf) - , );
if (len > )
printf("message:%s\t send sucessful,send %dbyte!\n",buf, len);
else
{
printf("message'%s' send failure!errno code is %d,errno message is '%s'\n",buf, errno, strerror(errno));
break;
}
bzero(buf, MAXBUF + ); len = recv(new_fd, buf, MAXBUF, );
if (len > )
printf("message recv successful :'%s',%dByte recv\n",buf, len);
else
{
if (len < )
printf("recv failure!errno code is %d,errno message is '%s'\n",errno, strerror(errno));
else
printf("the other one close quit\n");
break;
}
}
close(new_fd);
close(sockfd);
return ;
}

运行示例:

Linux下TCP/socket编程

PS(被蔡总玩坏了的tcp,23333):

Linux下TCP/socket编程

tz@COI HZAU

2018/5/22