AngularJS表单验证,手动验证或自动验证

时间：2021-08-15 05:29:47

AngularJS的表单验证大致有两种，一种是手动验证，一种是自动验证。

手动验证

所谓手动验证是通过AngularJS表单的属性来验证。而成为AngularJS表单必须满足两个条件：1、给form元素加上novalidate="novalidate"；2、给form元素加上name="theForm"，如下：

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en" ng-app="myApp1">

<head>

  <meta charset="UTF-8">

  <title></title>

  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"/>

  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/main.css"/>

</head>

<body>

<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">

  <div class="container">

    <div class="navbar-header">

      <a href="/" class="navbar-brand">Form Submitting</a>

    </div>

  </div>

</nav>

<div class="container main-content" ng-controller="myCtrl1">

  <!--novalidate让表单不要使用html验证-->

  <!--theForm变成scope的一个字段-->

  <form ng-submit="onSubmit(theForm.$valid)" novalidate="novalidate" name="theForm">

    <div class="form-group">

      <label for="name">Name</label>

      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" ng-model="formModel.name"/>

    </div>

    <div class="form-group" ng-class="{

      'has-error': !theForm.email.$valid && (!theForm.$pristine || theForm.$submitted),

      'has-success': theForm.email.$valid && (!theForm.$pristine || theForm.$submitted)

      }">

      <label for="email">Email</label>

      <input type="email" class="form-control" id="email" ng-model="formModel.email" required="required" name="email"/>

      <p class="help-block" ng-show="theForm.email.$error.required && (!theForm.$pristine || theForm.$submitted)">必填</p>

      <p class="help-block" ng-show="theForm.email.$error.email && (!theForm.$pristine || theForm.$submitted)">email格式不正确</p>

    </div>

    <div class="form-group">

      <label for="username">Username</label>

      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" ng-model="formModel.username"/>

    </div>

    <div class="form-group">

      <label for="age">Age</label>

      <input type="number" class="form-control" id="age" ng-model="formModel.age"/>

    </div>

    <div class="form-group">

      <label for="sex">Sex</label>

      <select name="sex" id="sex" class="form-control" ng-model="formModel.sex">

        <option value="">Please choose</option>

        <option value="male">Mail</option>

        <option value="femail">Femail</option>

      </select>

    </div>

    <div class="form-group">

      <label for="password">Password</label>

      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="password" ng-model="formModel.password"/>

    </div>

    <div class="form-group">

      <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Register</button>

    </div>

      <pre>

        {{theForm | json}}

      </pre>

  </form>

</div>

<script src="../node_modules/angular/angular.min.js"></script>

<script src="second.js"></script>

</body>

</html>

以上，

● 给form加上novalidate="novalidate"意味着表单将不再使用HTML5验证特性
● 给form加上name="theForm"意味着表单的名称是theForm。如何使用theForm,比如我们验证表单是否被修改过theForm.$submitted
● 通过ng-submit提交表单
● formModel是$scope中的一个属性
● 对表单的Email进行了手动验证，使用了AngularJS表单的众多属性，比如theForm.email.$valid，theForm.$pristine，theForm.$submitted， theForm.email.$error.required，theForm.email.$error.email
● 通过<pre>{{theForm | json}}</pre>把AngularJS表单的所有属性都打印出来

{

  "$error": {

    "required": [

      {

        "$validators": {},

        "$asyncValidators": {},

        "$parsers": [],

        "$formatters": [

          null

        ],

        "$viewChangeListeners": [],

        "$untouched": true,

        "$touched": false,

        "$pristine": true,

        "$dirty": false,

        "$valid": false,

        "$invalid": true,

        "$error": {

          "required": true

        },

        "$name": "email",

        "$options": null

      }

    ]

  },

  "$name": "theForm",

  "$dirty": false,

  "$pristine": true,

  "$valid": false,

  "$invalid": true,

  "$submitted": false,

  "email": {

    "$validators": {},

    "$asyncValidators": {},

    "$parsers": [],

    "$formatters": [

      null

    ],

    "$viewChangeListeners": [],

    "$untouched": true,

    "$touched": false,

    "$pristine": true,

    "$dirty": false,

    "$valid": false,

    "$invalid": true,

    "$error": {

      "required": true

    },

    "$name": "email",

    "$options": null

  },

  "sex": {

    "$validators": {},

    "$asyncValidators": {},

    "$parsers": [],

    "$formatters": [],

    "$viewChangeListeners": [],

    "$untouched": true,

    "$touched": false,

    "$pristine": true,

    "$dirty": false,

    "$valid": true,

    "$invalid": false,

    "$error": {},

    "$name": "sex",

    "$options": null

  }

}

以上，凡是有name属性的input都被显示在上面。

在second.js文件中定义了module,controller以及提交表单的方法。

var myApp1 = angular.module('myApp1',[]);

myApp1.controller('myCtrl1', function($scope, $http){

    $scope.formModel = {};

    $scope.onSubmit = function(){

        $http.post('someurl',$scope.formModel)

            .success(function(data){

                console.log(':)');

            })

            .error(function(data){

                console.log(':(');

            });

        console.log($scope.formModel);

    };

});

以上的表单验证方式好处是可控性强，但相对繁琐。

自动验证

AngularJS的另外一种表单验证方式是自动验证，即通过directive来实现，除了AngularJS自带的directive,还需要用到angular-auto-validate这个第三方module。

有关angular-auto-validate：

● 网址：https://github.com/jonsamwell/angular-auto-validate
● 安装：npm i angular-auto-validate
● 引用：<script src="../node_modules/angular-auto-validate/dist/jcs-auto-validate.min.js"></script>
● module依赖：var myApp = angular.module("app", ["jcs-autoValidate"]);

为了实现错误信息本地化，还需要angular-localize这个第三方module：

● 安装：npm install angular-localize --save
● module依赖：var myApp = angular.module("app", ["localize"]);
● 引用：

<script src="../node_modules/angular-sanitize/angular-sanitize.min.js"></script>
<script src="../node_modules/angular-localize/angular-localize.min.js"></script>

此外，当点击提交表单按钮，需要禁用按钮并显示一种等待效果，需要用到angular-ladda这个第三方module:

● 安装：bower install angular-ladda --save
● module依赖：var myApp = angular.module("app", ["angular-ladda"]);
● 引用：
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda-themeless.min.css"/>

<script src="../bower_components/ladda/dist/spin.min.js"></script>
<script src="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda.min.js"></script>
<script src="../bower_components/angular-ladda/dist/angular-ladda.min.js"></script>

页面如下：

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en" ng-app="myApp1">

<head>

  <meta charset="gb2312">

  <title></title>

  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"/>

  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda-themeless.min.css"/>

  <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/main.css"/>

</head>

<body>

<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">

  <div class="container">

    <div class="navbar-header">

      <a href="/" class="navbar-brand">Form Validating Auto</a>

    </div>

  </div>

</nav>

<div class="container main-content" ng-controller="myCtrl1">

  <!--novalidate让表单不要使用html验证-->

  <!--theForm变成scope的一个字段-->

  <form ng-submit="onSubmit()" novalidate="novalidate">

    <div class="form-group">

      <label for="name" class="control-label">Name</label>

      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" ng-model="formModel.name"  required="required"/>

    </div>

    <div class="form-group">

      <label for="email" class="control-label">Email</label>

      <input type="email" class="form-control" id="email" ng-model="formModel.email" required="required"/>

    </div>

    <div class="form-group">

      <label for="username" class="control-label">Username</label>

      <input type="text"

             class="form-control"

             id="username"

             ng-model="formModel.username"

             required="required"

             ng-pattern="/^[A-Za-z0-9_]{1,32}$/"

             ng-minlength="7"

             ng-pattern-err-type="badUsername"

        />

    </div>

    <div class="form-group">

      <label for="age" class="control-label">Age</label>

      <input type="number"

             class="form-control"

             id="age"

             ng-model="formModel.age"

             required="required"

             min="18"

             max="65"

             ng-min-err-type="tooYoung"

             ng-max-err-type="tooOld"

        />

    </div>

    <div class="form-group">

      <label for="sex" class="control-label">Sex</label>

      <select name="sex" id="sex" class="form-control" ng-model="formModel.sex"  required="required">

        <option value="">Please choose</option>

        <option value="male">Mail</option>

        <option value="femail">Femail</option>

      </select>

    </div>

    <div class="form-group">

      <label for="password" class="control-label">Password</label>

      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="password" ng-model="formModel.password"  required="required" ng-minlength="6"/>

    </div>

    <div class="form-group">

      <!--<button class="btn btn-primary" ng-click="onSubmit()">Register</button>-->

      <button class="btn btn-primary"

              ladda = "submitting"

              data-style="expand-right"

              type="submit">

        <span ng-show="submitting">正在注册...</span>

        <span ng-show="!submitting">注册</span>

      </button>

    </div>

      <pre>

        {{formModel | json}}

      </pre>

  </form>

</div>

<script src="../node_modules/angular/angular.min.js"></script>

<script src="form_validation_auto.js"></script>

<script src="../node_modules/angular-auto-validate/dist/jcs-auto-validate.min.js"></script>

<script src="../node_modules/angular-sanitize/angular-sanitize.min.js"></script>

<script src="../node_modules/angular-localize/angular-localize.min.js"></script>

<script src="../bower_components/ladda/dist/spin.min.js"></script>

<script src="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda.min.js"></script>

<script src="../bower_components/angular-ladda/dist/angular-ladda.min.js"></script>

</body>

</html>

以上，先看提交按钮：

<div class="form-group">

  <!--<button class="btn btn-primary" ng-click="onSubmit()">Register</button>-->

  <button class="btn btn-primary"

          ladda = "submitting"

          data-style="expand-right"

          type="submit">

    <span ng-show="submitting">正在注册...</span>

    <span ng-show="!submitting">注册</span>

  </button>

</div>

● ladda属性值为bool值，true表示显示动态等待效果，false不显示动态等待效果，这里的submitting是scope中的一个属性
● data-style="expand-right"表示在按钮的右侧显示动态等待效果

再拿表单中的Age字段来说：

<div class="form-group">

  <label for="age" class="control-label">Age</label>

  <input type="number"

         class="form-control"

         id="age"

         ng-model="formModel.age"

         required="required"

         min="18"

         max="65"

         ng-min-err-type="tooYoung"

         ng-max-err-type="tooOld"

    />

</div>

其中,min, max为AgularJS的directive,而ng-min-err-type是angular-auto-validate的directive。这里遵循的惯例是ng-AngularJS表单验证的directive名称-err-type，而tooYoung和tooOld的作用是什么，又是在哪里用上了呢？

是在module层面用上了，定义在了form_validation_auto.js文件中。

var myApp1 = angular.module('myApp1',['jcs-autoValidate','localize','angular-ladda']);

myApp1.run(function(defaultErrorMessageResolver){

    defaultErrorMessageResolver.getErrorMessages().then(function(errorMessages){

        errorMessages['tooYoung'] = '年龄必须小于{0}';

        errorMessages['tooOld'] = '年龄不能大于{0}';

        errorMessages['badUsername'] = '用户名只能包含数字、字母或下划线';

    });

});

myApp1.controller('myCtrl1', function($scope, $http){

    $scope.formModel = {};

    $scope.submitting = false;

    $scope.onSubmit = function(){

        $scope.submitting = true;

        console.log('已提交');

        console.log($scope.formModel);

        $http.post('url',$scope.formModel)

            .success(function(data){

                console.log(':)');

                $scope.submitting = false;

            })

            .error(function(data){

                console.log(':(');

                $scope.submitting = false;

            });

    };

});

以上，在run方法中使用angular-auto-validate的defaultErrorMessageResolver服务，对错误信息进行为了自定义。页面上的tooYoung和tooOld和这里的errorMessages['tooYoung']和errorMessages['badUsername']对应。

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