Unix IPC之Posix消息队列(1)

时间:2022-10-12 04:22:26

部分参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/Anker/archive/2013/01/04/2843832.html

IPC对象的持续性:http://book.51cto.com/art/201006/207275.htm

消息队列可以认为是一个消息链表,某个进程往一个消息队列中写入消息之前,不需要另外某个进程在该队列上等待消息的达到,这一点与管道和FIFO相反。Posix消息队列与System V消息队列的区别如下:

1. 对Posix消息队列的读总是返回最高优先级的最早消息,对System V消息队列的读则可以返回任意指定优先级的消息。
2. 当往一个空队列放置一个消息时,Posix消息队列允许产生一个信号或启动一个线程,System V消息队列则不提供类似的机制。

Posix消息队列操作函数如下:

  头文件及部分定义:

#include    <mqueue.h>
typedef int mqd_t;
/* Establish connection between a process and a message queue NAME and
return message queue descriptor or (mqd_t) -1 on error. OFLAG determines
the type of access used. If O_CREAT is on OFLAG, the third argument is
taken as a `mode_t', the mode of the created message queue, and the fourth
argument is taken as `struct mq_attr *', pointer to message queue
attributes. If the fourth argument is NULL, default attributes are
used. */
extern mqd_t mq_open (__const char *__name, int __oflag, ...)
__THROW __nonnull (()); /* Removes the association between message queue descriptor MQDES and its
message queue. */
extern int mq_close (mqd_t __mqdes) __THROW; /* Remove message queue named NAME. */
extern int mq_unlink (__const char *__name) __THROW __nonnull (());

下面采用上面的函数,写程序进程测试。

程序1(mqcreate1.c):创建一个消息队列,其名字是作为命令行参数指定。程序如下:

#include    "unpipc.h"

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int c, flags;
mqd_t mqd; // linux下是int类型 flags = O_RDWR | O_CREAT;
while ( (c = Getopt(argc, argv, "e")) != -)
{
switch (c)
{
case 'e':
flags |= O_EXCL;
break;
}
}
if (optind != argc - )
err_quit("usage: mqcreate [ -e ] <name>"); mqd = Mq_open(argv[optind], flags, FILE_MODE, NULL); Mq_close(mqd);
exit();
}

程序2(mqunlink.c):删除一个消息队列。程序如下:

#include    "unpipc.h"

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if (argc != )
err_quit("usage: mqunlink <name>"); Mq_unlink(argv[]); exit();
}

注:代码需在Unix网络编程-卷2的程序包中才能编译通过。

Posix消息队列是建立在系统的虚拟文件系统中,若要查看,可将其挂载到系统的文件系统中;

mount命令格式如下:

Unix IPC之Posix消息队列(1)

挂载命令如下:

[dell@localhost pxmsg]$ mkdir /tmp/mqueue
[dell@localhost pxmsg]$ mount -t mqueue none /tmp/mqueue
mount: only root can do that
[dell@localhost pxmsg]$ sudo !-
sudo mount -t mqueue none /tmp/mqueue
[sudo] password for dell:

程序运行结果:

[dell@localhost pxmsg]$ ./mqunlink /temp.1234
[dell@localhost pxmsg]$ ls -l /tmp/mqueue/
总用量 0
[dell@localhost pxmsg]$ ./mqcreate1 /temp.1234
[dell@localhost pxmsg]$ ls -l /tmp/mqueue/
总用量 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 dell dell 80 8月 12 20:10 temp.1234
[dell@localhost pxmsg]$ ./mqunlink /temp.1234
[dell@localhost pxmsg]$ ls -l /tmp/mqueue/
总用量 0
[dell@localhost pxmsg]$

说明:为什么要这样做,可在shell下运行一下命令查询:

man 7 mq_overview

这里选取部分说明文档:

Mounting the message queue file system
On Linux, message queues are created in a virtual file system. (Other
implementations may also provide such a feature, but the details are
likely to differ.) This file system can be mounted (by the superuser)
using the following commands: # mkdir /dev/mqueue
# mount -t mqueue none /dev/mqueue Each message queue is identi fied by a name of the form /somename. Two processes can operate on the
same queue by passing the same name to mq_open().