M2M自关联特性:
class UserInfo(models.Model):
nickname = models.CharField(max_length=32)
username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
gender_choices = (
(1,'男'),
(2,'女'),
)
gender = models.IntegerField(choices=gender_choices)
m = models.ManyToManyField('UserInfo')
会额外生成一张表,userinfo_m 里面有三列id 、from_userinfo_id、to_userinfo_id
M2M自关联特性:
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=1).first()
# from_userinfo_id
obj.m => select xx from xx where from_userinfo_id = 1
# to_userinfo_id
obj.userinfo_set => select xx from xx where to_userinfo_id = 1
定义:
# 前面列:男生ID
# 后面列:女生ID
查男生
xz = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=1).first()
u = xz.m.all()
for row in u:
print(row.nickname)
查女神
xz = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=4).first()
v = xz.userinfo_set.all()
for row in v:
print(row.nickname)
FK自关联:
class Comment(models.Model):
"""
评论表
"""
news_id = models.IntegerField() # 新闻ID
content = models.CharField(max_length=32) # 评论内容
user = models.CharField(max_length=32) # 评论者
reply = models.ForeignKey('Comment',null=True,blank=True,related_name='xxxx')
#blank Admin中是否允许用户输入为空
"""
新闻ID reply_id
1 1 别比比 root null
2 1 就比比 root null
3 1 瞎比比 shaowei null
4 2 写的正好 root null
5 1 拉倒吧 由清滨 2
6 1 拉倒吧1 xxxxx 2
7 1 拉倒吧2 xxxxx 5
"""
"""
新闻1
别比比
就比比
- 拉倒吧
- 拉倒吧2
- 拉倒吧1
瞎比比
新闻2:
写的正好
"""
中间件
- 应用:对所有请求或一部分请求做批量处理
在配置setting中MIDDLEWARE就是中间件
创建一个文件m1.py
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
class Middle1(MiddlewareMixin):
def process_request(self, request):
print('m1.process_request') 结果直接传递给下一个中间件。
# return HttpResponse('不要再往下传了')
如果有返回值,就不再传递给下一个中间件了。
def process_response(self, request, response):
print('m1.process_response')
return response 必须要返回,不然下一个中间件不能拿到结果。
在配置setting中MIDDLEWARE添加中间件m1
“m1. Middle1”
中间件的分类和执行顺序:
process_request
如果有返回值,1.10版本以后就从当前中间件执行process_response,1.10版本以前,从最后一个中间件执行process_response
process_view 找到路由匹配,如果有返回值,从最后一个中间件执行process_response
test:
自己在视图函数做封装:
class JSONResponse:
def __init__(self,req,status,msg):
self.req = req
self.status = status
self.msg = msg
def render(self):
import json
ret = {
'status': self.status,
'msg':self.msg
}
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
def test(request):
return JSONResponse(request,True,"错误信息")
process_template_view 如果视图函数有render返回值才执行
process_exception 有错误才执行,然后再执行process_response,如果有返回值Httpresponse处理了异常,就不再处理后面的异常了,直接执行process_response
process_response
必须有返回值
return response
View Code
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
class M1(MiddlewareMixin):
def process_request(self,request):
print('m1.process_request')
def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
print('m1.process_view')
# response = callback(request,*callback_args,**callback_kwargs)
# return response
def process_response(self,request,response):
print('m1.process_response')
return response
def process_exception(self, request, exception):
print('m1.process_exception')
def process_template_response(self,request,response):
"""
视图函数的返回值中,如果有render方法,才被调用
:param request:
:param response:
:return:
"""
print('m1.process_template_response')
return response
举例