MHA-ATLAS-MySQL高可用

时间:2021-06-12 04:09:57

一,mysql-mha环境准备

1.1 实验环境:

主机名 IP地址(NAT) 描述
mysql-db01 eth0:192.168.0.51 系统:CentOS6.5(6.x都可以) 安装:mysql5.6
mysql-db02 eth0:192.168.0.52 系统:CentOS6.5(6.x都可以) 安装:mysql5.6
mysql-db03 eth0:192.168.0.53 系统:CentOS6.5(6.x都可以) 安装:mysql5.6

1.2 软件包

1) mha管理节点安装包:

mha4mysql-manager-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm

mha4mysql-manager-0.56.tar.gz

2) mha node节点安装包:

mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm

mha4mysql-node-0.56.tar.gz

3) mysql中间件:

Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm

4) mysql源码安装包

mysql-5.6.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar

1.3 主机名映射

[root@mysql-db01 ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.0.51 mysql-db01 192.168.0.52 mysql-db02 192.168.0.53 mysql-db03

1.4 关闭selinux和iptables

[root@mysql-db01 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux [root@mysql-db01 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/selinux | grep -v "#" SELINUX=disabled SELINUXTYPE=targeted [root@mysql-db01 ~]# setenforce 0 [root@mysql-db01 ~]# service iptables stop iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ] [root@mysql-db01 ~]# chkconfig iptables off

二,简介

 

 软件简介

  • MHA(Master High Availability)目前在MySQL高可用方面是一个相对成熟的解决方案,是一套优秀的作为MySQL高可用性环境下故障切换和主从提升的高可用软件。在MySQL故障切换过程中,MHA能做到0~30秒之内自动完成数据库的故障切换操作,并且在进行故障切换过程中,MHA能最大程度上保证数据库的一致性,以达到真正意义上的高可用。
  • MHA由两部分组成:MHA Manager(管理节点)和MHA Node(数据节点)。MHA Manager可以独立部署在一*立的机器上管理多个Master-Slave集群,也可以部署在一台Slave上。当Master出现故障时,它可以自动将最新数据的Slave提升为新的Master,然后将所有其他的Slave重新指向新的Master。整个故障转移过程对应程序是完全透明的。

 工作流程

  • 从宕机崩溃的master保存二进制日志事件(binlog events);
  • 识别含有最新更新的slave;
  • 应用差异的中继日志(relay log)到其他的slave;
  • 应用从master保存的二进制日志事件(binlog events);
  • 提升一个slave为新的master;
  • 使其他的slave连接新的master进行复制;

2.4 MHA架构图

MHA-ATLAS-MySQL高可用

2.5 MHA工具介绍

MHA软件由两部分组成,Manager工具包和Node工具包,具体的说明如下:

#Manager工具包主要包括以下几个工具: masterha_check_ssh #检查MHA的SSH配置状况 masterha_check_repl #检查MySQL复制状况 masterha_check_status #检测当前MHA运行状态 masterha_master_monitor #检测master是否宕机 masterha_manger #启动MHA masterha_master_switch #控制故障转移(自动或者手动) masterha_conf_host #添加或删除配置的server信息 masterha_secondary_check #试图建立TCP连接从远程服务器 masterha_stop #停止MHA #Node工具包主要包括以下几个工具: save_binary_logs #保存和复制master的二进制日志 apply_diff_relay_logs #识别差异的中继日志事件 filter_mysqlbinlog #去除不必要的ROLLBACK事件 purge_relay_logs #清除中继日志

三,mysql环境准备

3.1 环境检查

  • mysql-db01
#系统版本 [root@mysql-db01 bin]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.5 (Final) [root@mysql-db01 bin]# uname -r 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 [root@mysql-db01 bin]# hostname -I 192.168.0.51 
  • mysql-db02
#系统版本 [root@mysql-db02 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.5 (Final) [root@mysql-db02 ~]# uname -r 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 [root@mysql-db02 ~]# hostname -I 192.168.0.52 
  • mysql-db03
#系统版本 [root@mysql-db03 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.5 (Final) [root@mysql-db03 ~]# uname -r 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 [root@mysql-db03 ~]# hostname -I 192.168.0.53 

3.2 安装mysql

3.2.1 安装包准备

[root@mysql-db01 ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg mha4mysql-manager-0.56.tar.gz rpm install.log mha4mysql-node-0.56.tar.gz install.log.syslog mysql-5.6.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz [root@mysql-db01 ~]# ll mysql-5.6.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 305102088 Sep 3 21:33 mysql-5.6.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

3.2.2 安装(3台都装)

[root@mysql-db01 ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel [root@mysql-db01 ~]# yum -y install libaio [root@mysql-db01 ~]# tar xf mysql-5.6.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@mysql-db01 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.6.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql [root@mysql-db01 ~]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M [root@mysql-db01 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ [root@mysql-db01 ~]# /bin/cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf [root@mysql-db01 ~]# /bin/cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@mysql-db01 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/bin/ [root@mysql-db01 ~]# which mysqladmin /usr/local/bin/mysqladmin

3.2.3 加入开机自启动并启动mysql

[root@mysql-db01 ~]# chkconfig mysqld on [root@mysql-db01 ~]# chkconfig mysqld --list mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off [root@mysql-db01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

3.2.4 配置密码

[root@mysql-db01 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password '123123'

四,配置基于GTID的主从复制

4.1 先决条件

  • 主库和从库都要开启binlog
  • 主库和从库server-id不同
  • 要有主从复制用户

4.2 主库操作(mysql-db01)

4.2.1 修改配置文件

#修改主库配置文件/etc/my.cnf [root@mysql-db01 mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf [client] socket = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock [mysqld] lower_case_table_names = 1 default-storage-engine = InnoDB port = 3306 datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data character-set-server = utf8 socket = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock log_bin = mysql-bin #开启binlog日志 server_id = 1 #设置server_id innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M slave-parallel-workers = 8 thread_cache_size = 600 back_log = 600 slave_net_timeout = 60 max_binlog_size = 512M key_buffer_size = 8M query_cache_size = 64M join_buffer_size = 2M sort_buffer_size = 2M query_cache_type = 1 thread_stack = 192K #重启动MySQL服务 [root@mysql-db01 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

4.2.2 登陆MySQL删除不必要的用户并创建主从复制用户

1)删除不必要的用户

 mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; +------+------------+ | user | host | +------+------------+ | root | 127.0.0.1 | | root | ::1 | | | localhost | | root | localhost | | | mysql-db01 | | root | mysql-db01 | +------+------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> drop user root@'127.0.0.1'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> drop user root@'::1'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> drop user ' '@'localhost'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> drop user ' '@'mysql-db01'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; +------+------------+ | user | host | +------+------------+ | root | localhost | | root | mysql-db01 | +------+------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2)创建主从复制用户

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to rep@'192.168.0.%' identified by '123123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; +------+-------------+ | user | host | +------+-------------+ | rep | 192.168.0.% | | root | localhost | | root | mysql-db01 | +------+-------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show grants for rep@'192.168.0.%'; +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for rep@192.168.0.% | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'rep'@'192.168.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*E56A114692FE0DE073F9A1DD68A00EEB9703F3F1' | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4.3 从库操作(mysql-db02和mysql-db03)

4.3.1 修改配置文件

#修改mysql-db02配置文件(和mysql-db01配置文件一致) #只需要修改server-id = 5选项 [root@mysql-db02 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [client] socket = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock [mysqld] lower_case_table_names = 1 default-storage-engine = InnoDB port = 3306 datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data character-set-server = utf8 socket = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock log_bin = mysql-bin #从binlog也要打开 server_id = 5 #仅需修改此项 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M slave-parallel-workers = 8 thread_cache_size = 600 back_log = 600 slave_net_timeout = 60 max_binlog_size = 512M key_buffer_size = 8M query_cache_size = 64M join_buffer_size = 2M sort_buffer_size = 2M query_cache_type = 1 thread_stack = 192K [root@mysql-db02 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart #重启mysql Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! #修改mysql-db03配置文件(和mysql-db01配置文件一致) #只需要修改server-id = 10选项 [root@mysql-db03 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [client] socket = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock [mysqld] lower_case_table_names = 1 default-storage-engine = InnoDB port = 3306 datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data character-set-server = utf8 socket = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock log_bin = mysql-bin #从binlog也要打开 server_id = 10 #只需修改此项 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M slave-parallel-workers = 8 thread_cache_size = 600 back_log = 600 slave_net_timeout = 60 max_binlog_size = 512M key_buffer_size = 8M query_cache_size = 64M join_buffer_size = 2M sort_buffer_size = 2M query_cache_type = 1 thread_stack = 192K [root@mysql-db03 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart #重启mysql Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

特别提示:
在以往如果是基于binlog日志的主从复制,则必须要记住主库的master状态信息。

MHA-ATLAS-MySQL高可用

但是在MySQL5.6版本里多了一个Gtid的功能,可以自动记录主从复制位置点的信息,并在日志中输出出来。

4.4 开启GTID

#没开启之前先看一下GTID状态 mysql> show global variables like '%gtid%'; +--------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+-------+ | enforce_gtid_consistency | OFF | | gtid_executed | | | gtid_mode | OFF | | gtid_owned | | | gtid_purged | | +--------------------------+-------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

编辑mysql配置文件(主库从库都需要修改)

MHA-ATLAS-MySQL高可用

mysql-db01,mysql-db02,mysql-db03都需要加入上图的上行代码

修改完配置文件以后重启动数据库

[root@mysql-db01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
[root@mysql-db02 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@mysql-db03 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

再次查看GTID状态

[root@mysql-db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.17-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show global variables like '%gtid%'; +--------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+-------+ | enforce_gtid_consistency | ON | #执行GTID一致 | gtid_executed | | | gtid_mode | ON | #开启GTID模块 | gtid_owned | | | gtid_purged | | +--------------------------+-------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> 

再次提示:
主库从库都必须要开启GTID,否则在做主从复制的时候就会报错.

4.5 配置主从复制(mysql-db02,mysql-db03)

mysql> change master to \
    -> master_host='192.168.0.51',\ #主库IP -> master_user='rep',\ #主库复制用户 -> master_password='123123',\ #主库复制用密码 -> master_auto_position=1; #GTID位置点(自动追踪需要同步的position) Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

4.6 开启从库的主从复制功能(mysql-db02,mysql-db03)

mysql> start slave; #开启主从同步功能 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec) mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row ***************************  Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event  Master_Host: 192.168.0.51  Master_User: rep  Master_Port: 3306  Connect_Retry: 60  Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003  Read_Master_Log_Pos: 151  Relay_Log_File: mysql-db02-relay-bin.000002  Relay_Log_Pos: 361  Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003  Slave_IO_Running: Yes #此项yes代表成功  Slave_SQL_Running: Yes #此项yes代表成功  Replicate_Do_DB:  Replicate_Ignore_DB:  Replicate_Do_Table:  Replicate_Ignore_Table: #....以下省略若干行....

两个从库mysql-db02和mysql-db03都执行以上步骤。

4.7 什么是GTID

  • GTID(Global Transaction)全局事务标识符:是一个唯一的标识符,它创建并与源服务器(主)上提交的每个事务相关联。此标识符不仅对其发起的服务器是唯一的,而且在给定复制设置中的所有服务器上都是唯一的。所有交易和所有GTID之间都有1对1的映射。
  • GTID实际上是由UUID+TID组成的。其中UUID是一个MySQL实例的唯一标识。TID代表了该实例上已经提交的事务数量,并且随着事务提交单调递增。
  • 下面是一个GTID的具体形式:

3E11FA47-71CA-11E1-9E33-C80AA9429562:23

4.8 GTID的新特性

(1)支持多线程复制:事实上是针对每个database开启相应的独立线程,即每个库有一个单独的(sql thread)

(2)支持启用GTID,在配置主从复制,传统的方式里,你需要找到binlog和POS点,然后change master to 指向。在mysql5.6里,无须再知道binlog和POS点,只需要知道master的IP/端口/账号密码即可,因为同步复制是自动的,MySQL通过内部机制GTID自动找点同步。

(3)基于Row复制只保存改变的列,大大节省磁盘空间,网络,内存等

(4)支持把Master和Slave的相关信息记录在Table中;原来是记录在文件里,现在则记录在表里,增强可用性

(5)支持延迟复制

4.9 开启方法

#mysql配置文件: [mysqld] gtid_mode=ON enforce_gtid_consistency #查看 show global variables like ‘%gtid%’;

4.10 从库设置(mysql-db02,mysql-db03)

#登陆从库 [root@mysql-db02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123  #临时禁用自动删除relay log功能 mysql> set global relay_log_purge = 0; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)  #设置只读 mysql> set global read_only=1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

编辑配置文件/etc/my.cnf

MHA-ATLAS-MySQL高可用

修改完配置文件,别忘了重启动mysql服务

root@mysql-db02 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
root@mysql-db03 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

五,部署MHA

5.1 环境准备(所有节点mysql-db01,mysql-db02,mysql-db03)

#光盘安装依赖包 [root@mysql-db01 ~]# yum -y install perl-DBD-MySQL #安装mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm [root@mysql-db01 rpm]# rpm -ivh mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:mha4mysql-node ########################################### [100%] [root@mysql-db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123 mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to mha@'192.168.0.%' identified by '123123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select user,host from mysql.user where user='mha'; +------+-------------+ | user | host | +------+-------------+ | mha | 192.168.0.% | #主库上创建从库会自动复制 +------+-------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) #特别提示:3台MySQL都需要安装mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm

5.2 部署管理节点(mha-manager)

5.2.1 在mysql-db03上部署管理节点

#使用阿里云源+epel源 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-6.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo #安装manager依赖包(需要公网源) [root@mysql-db03 ~]# yum -y install perl-Config-Tiny epel-release perl-Log-Dispatch perl-Parallel-ForkManager perl-Time-HiRes #安装manager包 [root@mysql-db03 rpm]# rpm -ivh mha4mysql-manager-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:mha4mysql-manager ########################################### [100%]

5.2.2 编辑配置文件

#创建配置文件目录 [root@mysql-db03 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/mha #创建日志目录 [root@mysql-db03 ~]# mkdir -p /var/log/mha/mha1 #创建配置文件(默认没有) [root@mysql-db03 ~]# cd /etc/mha/ [root@mysql-db03 mha]# ls [root@mysql-db03 mha]# vim /etc/mha/mha1.cnf [root@mysql-db03 mha]# cat /etc/mha/mha1.cnf [server default] manager_log=/var/log/mha/mha1/manager #manager管理日志存放路径 manager_workdir=/var/log/mha/mha1 #manager管理日志的目录路径 master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data #binlog日志的存放路径 user=mha #管理账户 password=123123 #管理账户密码 ping_interval=2 #存活检查的间隔时间 repl_user=rep #主从复制的授权账户 repl_password=123123 #主从复制的授权账户密码 ssh_user=root #用于ssh连接的账户  [server1] hostname=192.168.0.51 port=3306  [server2] #candidate_master=1 #此条暂时注释掉(后面解释) #check_repl_delay=0 #此条暂时注释掉(后面解释) hostname=192.168.0.52 port=3306  [server3] hostname=192.168.0.53 port=3306 #**特别提示:** #以上配置文件内容里每行的最后不要留有空格,因此,不能复制的呦

特别说明:
参数:candidate_master=1
解释:设置为候选master,如果设置该参数以后,发生主从切换以后会将此从库提升为主库,即使这个主库不是集群中事件最新的slave
参数:check_repl_delay=0
解释:默认情况下如果一个slave落后master 100M的relay logs 的话,MHA将不会选择该slave作为一个新的master,因为对于这个slave的恢复需要花费很长时间,通过设置check_repl_delay=0,MHA触发切换在选择一个新的master的时候将会忽略复制延时,这个参数对于设置了candidate_master=1的主机非常有用,因为这个候选主在切换的过程中一定是新的master

5.3 配置ssh信任(所有节点mysql-db01,mysql-db02,mysql-db03)

#创建密钥对 [root@mysql-db03 ~]# ssh-keygen -t dsa -P "" -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa >/dev/null 2>&1 #发送mysql-db03公钥,包括自己 [root@mysql-db03 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub root@192.168.0.51 [root@mysql-db03 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub root@192.168.0.52 [root@mysql-db03 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub root@192.168.0.53 #发送mysql-db02公钥,包括自己 [root@mysql-db02 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub root@192.168.0.51 [root@mysql-db02 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub root@192.168.0.52 [root@mysql-db02 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub root@192.168.0.53 #发送mysql-db01公钥,包括自己 [root@mysql-db01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub root@192.168.0.51 [root@mysql-db01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub root@192.168.0.52 [root@mysql-db01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub root@192.168.0.53

5.4 启动测试

5.4.1 ssh检查检测

[root@mysql-db03 ~]# masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/mha/mha1.cnf #ssh检查命令 Tue Sep 5 03:01:38 2017 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping. Tue Sep 5 03:01:38 2017 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/mha/mha1.cnf.. Tue Sep 5 03:01:38 2017 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/mha/mha1.cnf.. Tue Sep 5 03:01:38 2017 - [info] Starting SSH connection tests.. ..中间省略若干行.. Tue Sep 5 03:01:40 2017 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.0.53(192.168.0.53:22) to root@192.168.0.52(192.168.0.52:22).. Tue Sep 5 03:01:40 2017 - [debug] ok. Tue Sep 5 03:01:40 2017 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully. #出现这个就表示成功

5.4.2 主从复制检测

(1)错误的主从复制检测

[root@mysql-db03 ~]# masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/mha/mha1.cnf

如果不出意外,同学们的检测结果都会是下面的样子

MHA-ATLAS-MySQL高可用

因此在mysql-db02和mysql-db03上添加主从复制的用户即可。
grant replication slave on *.* to rep@'192.168.0.%' identified by '123123';
再次检查如下图所示:

MHA-ATLAS-MySQL高可用

5.5 启动MHA

#启动 [root@mysql-db03 ~]# nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/mha1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/mha/mha1/manager.log 2>&1 & [root@mysql-db03 ~]# ps -ef | grep perl | grep -v grep root 4961 4690 0 06:33 pts/2 00:00:00 perl /usr/bin/masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/mha1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover #说明: nohup:启动命令 --conf:指定配置文件位置 --remove_dead_master_conf:如果有master down了,就去掉配置文件里该master的部分。

5.6 进行mha自动切换master的测试

初始状态:

MHA-ATLAS-MySQL高可用

(1)登陆mysql-db02(192.168.0.53)查看信息状态

#登陆数据库mysql-db02(192.168.0.53) [root@mysql-db03 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123 mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row ***************************  Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event  Master_Host: 192.168.0.51 #这是主库IP地址  Master_User: rep  Master_Port: 3306  Connect_Retry: 60  Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003  Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1656  Relay_Log_File: mysql-db02-relay-bin.000004  Relay_Log_Pos: 1796  Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003  Slave_IO_Running: Yes  Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ..以下省略若干内容..

(2)停掉mysql-db01(192.168.0.51)上的MySQL服务

[root@mysql-db01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop Shutting down MySQL..... SUCCESS!

(3)查看mysql-db03上的MySQL从库同步状态

[root@mysql-db03 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123 -e 'show slave status\G' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. *************************** 1. row ***************************  Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event  Master_Host: 192.168.0.52 #现在的主库IP  Master_User: rep  Master_Port: 3306  Connect_Retry: 60  Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006 #binlog日志  Read_Master_Log_Pos: 777 #binlog日志位置  Relay_Log_File: mysql-db03-relay-bin.000002  Relay_Log_Pos: 408  Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006  Slave_IO_Running: Yes  Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ..以下省略若干内容..

(4)查看mysql-db02上的MySQL,主库同步状态。

MHA-ATLAS-MySQL高可用

(5)查看mysql-db03上的mha进程状态

[root@mysql-db03 ~]# ps -ef | grep perl | grep -v grep #查询发现mha进程已经没了 [root@mysql-db03 ~]# 

(6)查看mha配置文件信息

MHA-ATLAS-MySQL高可用

说明:
当作为主库的mysql-db01上的MySQL宕机以后,mha通过检测发现mysql-db01宕机,那么会将binlog日志最全的从库立刻提升为主库,而其他的从库会指向新的主库进行再次同步。

此处需要进行简单的mha日志记录的讲解:/var/log/mha/mha1/manager

5.7 进行mha的故障还原测试

由于mysql-db01的MySQL服务宕机,因此mha将mysql-db02提升为了主库。因此,我们需要将宕机的mysql-db01的MySQL服务启动,然后作为主库mysql-db02的从库。

初始状态:

MHA-ATLAS-MySQL高可用

(1)将故障宕机的mysql-db01的MySQL服务启动并授权进行从同步

[root@mysql-db01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
[root@mysql-db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='rep', MASTER_PASSWORD='123123'; mysql> start slave; mysql> show slave status\G #查看从同步状态

(2)将mha配置文件里缺失的部分补全

[root@mysql-db03 ~]# cat /etc/mha/mha1.cnf [server default] manager_log=/var/log/mha/mha1/manager manager_workdir=/var/log/mha/mha1 master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data password=123123 ping_interval=2 repl_password=123123 repl_user=rep ssh_user=root user=mha  [server1] hostname=192.168.0.51 port=3306  [server2] hostname=12.168.0.52 port=3306  [server3] hostname=192.168.0.53 port=3306 

(3)启动mha进程

[root@mysql-db03 ~]# nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/mha1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/mha/mha1/manager.log 2>&1 & [root@mysql-db03 ~]# ps -ef | grep perl | grep -v grep root 5226 4690 0 09:42 pts/2 00:00:00 perl /usr/bin/masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/mha1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover 

(4)停掉mysql-db02上的MySQL服务

[root@mysql-db02 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop Shutting down MySQL..... SUCCESS! 

(5)查看mysql-db03上的主从同步状态:

[root@mysql-db03 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123 -e 'show slave status\G' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. *************************** 1. row ***************************  Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event  Master_Host: 192.168.0.51 #此时的主库IP切换回了mysql-db01  Master_User: rep  Master_Port: 3306  Connect_Retry: 60  Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005  Read_Master_Log_Pos: 231  Relay_Log_File: mysql-db03-relay-bin.000002  Relay_Log_Pos: 361  Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005  Slave_IO_Running: Yes  Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ..以下省略若干行..

(6)启动mysql-db02上的MySQL服务

[root@mysql-db02 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
[root@mysql-db02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123123
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='rep', MASTER_PASSWORD='123123'; mysql> start slave; mysql> show slave status\G #查看从同步状态

(7)再次补全mha配置文件后,启动mha进程

[root@mysql-db03 ~]# cat /etc/mha/mha1.cnf [server default] manager_log=/var/log/mha/mha1/manager manager_workdir=/var/log/mha/mha1 master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data password=123123 ping_interval=2 repl_password=123123 repl_user=rep ssh_user=root user=mha [server1] hostname=192.168.0.51 port=3306 [server2] hostname=192.168.0.52 port=3306 [server3] #andidate_master=1 #check_repl_delay=0 hostname=192.168.0.53 port=3306 [root@mysql-db03 ~]# nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/mha1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/mha/mha1/manager.log 2>&1 & [root@mysql-db03 ~]# ps -ef | grep perl | grep -v grep root 5226 4690 0 09:42 pts/2 00:00:01 perl /usr/bin/masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/mha1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover

此时的初始状态还原为下图:

MHA-ATLAS-MySQL高可用

六,MHA参数验证实践

MHA-ATLAS-MySQL高可用

mha配置文件内容如下:

MHA-ATLAS-MySQL高可用

附录:源码安装mha的方法

node节点的源码安装方法:

[root@mysql-db01 ~]# yum -y install perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Config-Tiny perl-Params-Validate perl-CPAN perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker [root@mysql-db01 ~]# tar xf mha4mysql-node-0.56.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ [root@mysql-db01 ~]# cd /usr/src/mha4mysql-node-0.56/ [root@mysql-db01 mha4mysql-node-0.56]# perl Makefile.PL [root@mysql-db01 mha4mysql-node-0.56]# make && make install

manager节点的源码安装方法:

[root@mysql-db01 ~]# yum -y install perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Config-Tiny perl-Params-Validate perl-CPAN perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker [root@mysql-db01 ~]# tar xf mha4mysql-manager-0.56.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ [root@mysql-db01 ~]# cd /usr/src/mha4mysql-manager-0.56/ [root@mysql-db01 mha4mysql-manager-0.56]# perl Makefile.PL [root@mysql-db01 mha4mysql-manager-0.56]# make && make install