构建Nginx+heartbeat高可用web站点

时间:2021-11-24 03:04:12

一、准备实验环境

二、安装nginx服务器(nginx1,nginx2)

三、安装FastCgi服务器

四、安装http服务器(用于静态服务器)

五、测试nginx是否实现负载均衡以及动静分离

六、配置Nginx的高可用服务


一、准备实验环境

1、IP地址规划

VIP: 172.16.10.8

nginx1:172.16.10.1

nginx2:172.16.10.2

php1:172.16.10.3

php2:172.16.10.4

web:172.16.10.6

2、网络拓扑图

构建Nginx+heartbeat高可用web站点


3、服务器配置

nginx1服务器

sed -i 's@\(HOSTNAME=\).*@\1nginx1.xiaodong.com@g'  /etc/sysconfig/networkecho "172.16.10.2 nginx1.xiaodong.com nginx2" >> /etc/hosts
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-copy-id .ssh/id_rsa.pub ngix2

nginx2服务器

sed -i 's@\(HOSTNAME=\).*@\1nginx2.xiaodong.com@g'  /etc/sysconfig/networkecho "172.16.10.1 nginx1.xiaodong.com nginx1" >> /etc/hostsssh-keygen -t rsassh-copy-id .ssh/id_rsa.pub ngix2

二、安装nginx服务器(nginx1,nginx2)

[root@nginx1 ~]# tar xf nginx-1.4.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/[root@nginx1 ~]# cd /usr/local/[root@nginx1 local]# groupadd -r nginx[root@nginx1 local]# useradd -r -g nginx nginx[root@nginx1 nginx-1.4.2]# cd nginx-1.4.2/[root@nginx1 nginx-1.4.2]# ./configure \   --prefix=/usr \   --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \   --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \   --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \   --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \   --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid  \   --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \   --user=nginx \   --group=nginx \   --with-http_ssl_module \   --with-http_flv_module \   --with-http_stub_status_module \   --with-http_gzip_static_module \   --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \   --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \   --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \   --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \   --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \   --with-pcre[root@nginx1 nginx-1.4.2]# make && make install[root@nginx1 nginx-1.4.2]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx#!/bin/sh## nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon## chkconfig:   - 85 15# description:  Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server# processname: nginx# config:      /etc/nginx/nginx.conf# config:      /etc/sysconfig/nginx# pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid        # Source function library.. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions        # Source networking configuration.. /etc/sysconfig/network        # Check that networking is up.[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0        nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"prog=$(basename $nginx)        NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"        [ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx        lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx        make_dirs() {   # make required directories   user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`   options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`   for opt in $options; do       if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then           value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`           if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then               # echo "creating" $value               mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value           fi       fi   done}        start() {    [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5    [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6    make_dirs    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "    daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE    retval=$?    echo    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile    return $retval}        stop() {    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "    killproc $prog -QUIT    retval=$?    echo    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile    return $retval}        restart() {    configtest || return $?    stop    sleep 1    start}        reload() {    configtest || return $?    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "    killproc $nginx -HUP    RETVAL=$?    echo}        force_reload() {    restart}        configtest() {  $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE}        rh_status() {    status $prog}        rh_status_q() {    rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1}        case "$1" in    start)        rh_status_q && exit 0        $1        ;;    stop)        rh_status_q || exit 0        $1        ;;    restart|configtest)        $1        ;;    reload)        rh_status_q || exit 7        $1        ;;    force-reload)        force_reload        ;;    status)        rh_status        ;;    condrestart|try-restart)        rh_status_q || exit 0            ;;    *)        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"        exit 2esac[root@nginx1 nginx-1.4.2]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx[root@nginx1 nginx-1.4.2]# service nginx start

注意:在安装的过程中可能会缺少一些包,但是不必担心,只要使用yum install 就可用解决问题喽

1、nginx支持php的配置(nginx1,nginx2)

[root@nginx1 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/fastcgi_paramsfastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;~

2、修改nginx配置文件(nginx1,nginx2),实现动静分离并记录访问者的IP

orker_processes  2;events {    worker_connections  1024;}http {    include       mime.types;    default_type  application/octet-stream; proxy_cache_path  /data/cache  levels=1:2    keys_zone=STATIC:10m inactive=24h  max_size=1g;    client_max_body_size 20m;    client_header_buffer_size 16k;    large_client_header_buffers 4 16k;    tcp_nopush     on;    gzip  on;    gzip_min_length 1k;    gzip_buffers 4 16k;    gzip_proxied   any;    gzip_http_version 1.1;    gzip_comp_level 3;    gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;    gzip_vary on;    proxy_temp_path   /tmp/proxy_temp;    proxy_cache_path  /tmp/proxy_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:500m inactive=1d max_size=3g;    proxy_connect_timeout    50;    proxy_read_timeout       600;    proxy_send_timeout       600;    proxy_buffer_size        128k;    proxy_buffers           16 256k;    proxy_busy_buffers_size 512k;    proxy_temp_file_write_size 1024m;    proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404 http_502 http_504;     upstream  web {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   server 172.16.10.3:9000   max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;        server 172.16.10.4:9000    max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;        server 172.16.10.1:80 backup;     }    server {        listen       80;        server_name  localhost;        location / {            root   html;            index  index.html index.htm;       }        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;        location = /50x.html {            root   html;        }        location ~ \.php$ {            root           /web/htdoc;            fastcgi_pass   web;            fastcgi_index  index.php;            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;            include        fastcgi_params;            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;       }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      location ~ \.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$ {             proxy_pass http://172.16.10.6;            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;                proxy_cache            STATIC;            proxy_cache_valid      200  1d;            proxy_cache_valid      301 302 10m;           # proxy_cache_vaild     any 1m;            proxy_cache_use_stale  error timeout invalid_header updating                                   http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;    }    }}

注释:

第10行-18行 :开启代理缓存功能

第19行-26行: 开启压缩功能

第44行-51行: 转发动态网页

第50 行: 修改头部信息,使得后端web服务器可以看到访问端的地址

第53行―56行: 转发静态网页


三、安装FastCgi服务器

1、php1与php2服务器

[root@php1 ~]#yum install gcc libxml2-devel openssl-devel bzip2-devel libmcrypt-devel  -y[root@php1 ~]# tar xf php-5.4.19.tar.bz2[root@php1 ~]# cd php-5.4.19[root@php1 php-5.4.19]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd/php --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-openssl --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml  --enable-sockets --enable-fpm --with-mcrypt  --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2[root@php1 php-5.4.19]# make && make install

2、为php提供配置文件 (php1与php2)

[root@php1 php-5.4.19]# cp /usr/local/httpd/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default/usr/local/httpd/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@php1 php-5.4.19]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini


3、为php-fpm提供Sysv init脚本,并将其添加至服务列表(php1与php2)

[root@php1 php-5.4.19]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm[root@php1 php-5.4.19]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm[root@php1 php-5.4.19]# chkconfig --add php-fpm[root@php1 php-5.4.19]# chkconfig php-fpm on


4、修改配置文件(php1与php2)

[root@php1 ~]# vim /usr/local/httpd/php/etc/php-fpm.conflisten = 172.16.10.3:9000

5、启动服务(php1与php2)

root@php1 php-5.4.19]# service php-fpm start

6、创建php网址目录(php1)

[root@php1 ~]# mkdir -pv /web/htdoc/[root@php1 ~]# vim /web/htdoc/index.php<h1> php1 </h1><?phpphpinfo();?>

7、创建php网址目录(php2

[root@php2 ~]# mkdir -pv /web/htdoc/[root@php2 ~]# vim /web/htdoc/index.php<h1> php2 </h1><?phpphpinfo();?>

四、安装http服务器(用于静态服务器)

[root@http ~]# yum install httpd -y[root@http ~]#echo "<h1>stati html 172.16.10.6 </h1>" > >/var/www/html/index.html[root@http ~]#service httpd start

五、测试nginx是否实现负载均衡以及动静分离

1、访问动态页面测试

构建Nginx+heartbeat高可用web站点

构建Nginx+heartbeat高可用web站点


2、访问静态页面测试

构建Nginx+heartbeat高可用web站点


此时虽然实现了Nginx的负载均衡以后动静分离,但是无法保证nginx服务器的高可用,下面配置nginx的高可用

六、配置Nginx的高可用服务

1、安装heartbeat(nginx1,nginx2)

[root@nginx1 ~]# yum install heartbeat -y

2、复制模块文件

[root@nginx1 ha.d]# cd /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/[root@nginx1 heartbeat-3.0.4]# cp authkeys ha.cf haresources  /etc/ha.d/

注释

authkeys #是节点之间的认证key文件

ha.cf #heartbeat的主配置文件

haresources #集群资源管理配置文件

3、修改authkeys配置文件

[root@nginx1 ha.d]# openssl rand -hex 8>> /etc/ha.d/authkeys  生成随机数[root@nginx1 ha.d]# vim authkeysauth 2#1crc#2sha1 HI!#3md5 Hello!2sha1 07cc87ff210e92e0

4、修改权限

[root@nginx1 ha.d]# chmod 600authkeys

5、修改主配置文件

[root@nginx1 ha.d]# vim ha.cflogfile /var/log/ha-logkeepalive 2deadtime 30warntime 10ucast eth0 172.16.10.2#指向nginx2的IPnode nginx1.xiaodong.comnode nginx2.xiaodong.com

6、修改资源配置文件

[root@nginx1 ~]# vim /etc/ha.d/haresourcesngnix1.xiaodong.com    172.16.10.8/16/eth0   nginx

注意:此处说明,nginx1为主节点

7、复制配置文件到nginx2

[root@nginx1 ~]# cd /etc/ha.d/[root@nginx1 ha.d]# scp -p authkeys  haresources ha.cf nginx2:/etc/ha.d/

8、启动heartbeat服务

[root@nginx1 ~]# service heartbeat start[root@nginx2 ~]# service heartbeat start

9、测试heartbeat与nginx是否结合

查看nginx1的启动日志

构建Nginx+heartbeat高可用web站点

10、停止nginx1服务

[root@nginx1 ~]# service heartbeat stop

当nginx1停掉之后,查看nginx2日志信息

构建Nginx+heartbeat高可用web站点

以上信息反馈出来了,当nginx1 down掉之后,nginx2立刻检测到,并启动nginx服务,保证了nginx的高可用性。


本博客自此结束,望广大博友多多指教!!!


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