前奏小知识
1. 通过url参数组合不同的过滤条件
django框架部分
1. 数据结构models
from django.db import models # Create your models here. # 大分类表
class Category(models.Model):
caption = models.CharField(max_length=32) # 文章类型表
class ArticleTyp(models.Model):
caption = models.CharField(max_length=32) # 创建一个文章表,设置标题和内容;文章大分类小分类 四个字段
class Article(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=1024)
content = models.CharField(max_length=30720)
category = models.ForeignKey(Category, null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)
article_type = models.ForeignKey(ArticleTyp, null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)
# 测试使用内存级别选项，不存储于数据库
# type_choice = (
# (1, "Python"),
# (2, "JavaScript"),
# (3, "前端"),
# )
# article_type_id = models.IntegerField(choices=type_choice)
2. url
url(r'^article/-(?P<article_type_id>\d+)-(?P<category_id>\d+).html', blog_views.Article.as_view()),
3.views
from django.shortcuts import render from django.views import View
from Blog import models
# Create your views here. class Article(View):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 查询时的过滤条件
condition = {}
for k, v in kwargs.items():
# 渲染html文件中判断是否为选中分类：url参数为字符串；数据库查询出来的id为int类型
# 转换为同一个类型，渲染模板时做比较
kwargs[k] = int(v)
if v == '0': # 如果为零，查询条件中就不传入此参数
pass
else:
condition[k] = v print(condition)
article_type_list = models.ArticleTyp.objects.all()
# models 中使用内存级别字段
# article_type_list = models.Article.type_choice
category_list = models.Category.objects.all()
result = models.Article.objects.filter(**condition)
return render(
request,
# 'blog/article.html',
'blog/article_simple_tag.html',
{'article_type_list': article_type_list,
'category_list': category_list,
'articles': result,
'condition_dict': kwargs}
)
4. models 数据库类型核对
from django.db import models # Create your models here. # 大分类表
class Category(models.Model):
caption = models.CharField(max_length=32) # 文章类型表
class ArticleTyp(models.Model):
caption = models.CharField(max_length=32) # 创建一个文章表,设置标题和内容;文章大分类小分类 四个字段
class Article(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=1024)
content = models.CharField(max_length=30720)
category = models.ForeignKey(Category, null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)
article_type = models.ForeignKey(ArticleTyp, null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)
# 测试使用内存级别选项，不存储于数据库
# type_choice = (
# (1, "Python"),
# (2, "JavaScript"),
# (3, "前端"),
# )
# article_type_id = models.IntegerField(choices=type_choice)
5.自定义html模板 函数 生成过滤项的a 标签html字符串
templatetags/condition_filter.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# @Time: 2020/8/8 11:17
# @Author:zhangmingda
# @File: condition_filter.py
# @Software: PyCharm
# Description: from django import template
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe register = template.Library() @register.simple_tag
def filter_all(condition_dict, all_condition):
article_type_id = condition_dict["article_type_id"]
category_id = condition_dict["category_id"] all_ret = ""
if all_condition == "article_type_id":
if article_type_id == 0:
all_ret = '<a href="/article/-0-%s.html" class="condition active">全部</a>' % category_id
else:
all_ret = '<a href="/article/-0-%s.html" class="condition ">全部</a>' % category_id
if all_condition == "category_id":
if category_id == 0:
all_ret = '<a href="/article/-%s-0.html" class="condition active">全部</a>' % article_type_id
else:
all_ret = '<a href="/article/-%s-0.html" class="condition ">全部</a>' % article_type_id all_ret = mark_safe(all_ret) return all_ret @register.simple_tag
def filter_article_type(condition_dict, article_type_list ):
"""
{% if condition_dict.article_type_id == article_type.id %}
<a href="/article/-{{ article_type.id }}-{{ condition_dict.category_id }}.html" class="condition active">{{ article_type.caption }}</a>
{% else %}
<a href="/article/-{{ article_type.id }}-{{ condition_dict.category_id }}.html" class="condition">{{ article_type.caption }}</a>
{% endif %}
:return:
"""
a_tag_list = []
for article_type in article_type_list: article_type_id = article_type.id
# models 中使用内存级别字段
# article_type_id = article_type[0] if condition_dict["article_type_id"] == article_type_id:
ret = '<a href="/article/-{article_type_id}-{category_id}.html" class="condition active">{article_type_caption}</a>'.format(
article_type_id=article_type_id,
category_id=condition_dict.get('category_id'),
article_type_caption=article_type.caption,
# models 中使用内存级别字段
# article_type_caption=article_type[1]
)
else:
ret = '<a href="/article/-{article_type_id}-{category_id}.html" class="condition ">{article_type_caption}</a>'.format(
article_type_id=article_type_id,
category_id=condition_dict.get('category_id'),
article_type_caption=article_type.caption,
# models 中使用内存级别字段
# article_type_caption=article_type[1]
)
a_tag_list.append(ret)
all_a_tag = ''.join(a_tag_list)
return mark_safe(all_a_tag) @register.simple_tag
def filter_category(condition_dict, category_list ):
"""
{% for category in category_list %}
{% if condition_dict.category_id == category.id %}
<a href="/article/-{{ condition_dict.article_type_id }}-{{ category.id }}.html" class="condition active" >{{ category.caption }}</a>
{% else %}
<a href="/article/-{{ condition_dict.article_type_id }}-{{ category.id }}.html" class="condition" >{{ category.caption }}</a>
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
:param condition_dict:
:param category_list:
:return:
"""
filter_category_tag_list = []
for category in category_list:
category_id = category.id
if condition_dict.get("category_id") == category_id:
category_a_tag = '<a href="/article/-%s-%s.html" class="condition active" >%s</a>' % (condition_dict.get("article_type_id"), category_id, category.caption )
else:
category_a_tag = '<a href="/article/-%s-%s.html" class="condition " >%s</a>' % (condition_dict.get("article_type_id"), category_id, category.caption )
filter_category_tag_list.append(category_a_tag)
ret = ''.join(filter_category_tag_list)
return mark_safe(ret)
7.html 加载自定义模板方法
{% load condition_filter %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.condition{
display: inline-block;
border: 1px solid #dddddd;
padding: 3px 5px;
margin: 5px;
}
.condition.active {
background-color: #843534;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>过滤条件</h1>
<div>
<!--使用simpletag自定义函数生成HTML标签-->
{% filter_all condition_dict "article_type_id" %}
{% filter_article_type condition_dict article_type_list %}
</div>
<div>
<!--使用simpletag自定义函数生成HTML标签-->
{% filter_all condition_dict "category_id" %}
{% filter_category condition_dict category_list %}
</div>
<h1>查询结果</h1>
<ul>
{% for article in articles %}
<li> {{ article.id }} - {{ article.title }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html>
正式来一发
数据库设计
""" 用户表：UserInfo
nid 自增列
username 用户名 不可重复
password 密码
nickname 昵称
email 邮箱
avtar 头像
create_time 创建时间
fans 粉丝们 ---- 多对多表 外键自己 个人博客信息表：Blog
nid 自增列
title 个人博客标题
site 个人博客前缀
theme 博客主题
user 博客一对一 对应用户id 互粉关系表：UserFans
user 博主 外键到用户表
folower 粉丝 外键到用户表
class Meta: 不可重复
unique_together = [('user', 'follower')] 文章分类表(博主个人)：Category
nid 自增
title 标题
blog 所属博客 -- 外键到博客表 文章标签表：Tag
nid 自增主键
title 标签名称
blog 所属博客 - 外键到博客表-主键 文章内容表：ArticleDetail
content 文章内容
aritcle 所属文章 - 外键到文章信息表 顶/踩 统计：UpDown
aritcle 对应文章 - 外键到 文章表的主键
user 用户 外键到用户表主键
up 顶或者是踩:布尔值即可
class Meta: # 两个字段合并唯一 :顶或者踩，一篇文章只能顶或者踩一次
unique_together = [('article', 'user')] 评论表：Comment
nid 自增主键
content 内容
create_time 创建时间
reply 回复/评论 对自己表中已有的数据：self
article 被评论的文章 - 外键到文章表主键
user 评论着 - 外键到用户表 主键 文章表：Article
nid 自增主键
title 文章标题
summary 文章简介
read_count 阅读量
comment_count 评论数量
up_count 点赞数量
down_count 踩量
create_time 创建时间
blog 所属博客
category 文章类型
type_choices 语言分类选项
article_type 语言分类
tags 标签 多对多 指定多对多的第三张表名Article2Tag 文章-标签多对多表：Article2Tag
article 文章 外键到文章表主键
tag 标签 外键到标签表主键
class Meta: 标签&文章一起，不得重复
unique_together = [('article', 'tag')] """
数据库表结构代码
models.py
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class UserInfo(models.Model):
"""
用户表
"""
uid = models.BigAutoField(primary_key=True)
username = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True, verbose_name="用户名")
password = models.CharField(verbose_name='密码', max_length=64)
nickname = models.CharField(verbose_name='昵称', max_length=32)
email = models.EmailField(verbose_name='邮箱', unique=True)
avatar = models.ImageField(verbose_name='头像')
create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)
fans = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name='粉丝们',
to='UserInfo',
through='UserFans',
through_fields=('user', 'follower')) class UserFans(models.Model):
"""互粉关系表"""
user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='博主', to=UserInfo, to_field='uid', related_name='users', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)
follower = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='粉丝', to=UserInfo, to_field='uid', related_name='followers', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)
class Meta:
unique_together = [('user', 'follower')] class Blog(models.Model):
"""
博客信息
"""
bid = models.BigIntegerField(primary_key=True)
title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=128)
site = models.CharField(verbose_name="个人博客前缀", max_length=32, unique=True)
theme = models.CharField(verbose_name='博客主题', max_length=32)
user = models.OneToOneField(to='UserInfo', to_field='uid', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True) class Category(models.Model):
"""博主个人文章分类"""
cid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
title = models.CharField(verbose_name='分类标题', max_length=32)
blog = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='所属博客', to='Blog', to_field='bid',
on_delete=models.SET_NULL,null=True) class Tag(models.Model):
tid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标签名称',max_length=32)
blog = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="所属文章",to='Blog', to_field='bid',on_delete=models.SET_NULL,
null=True) class Article(models.Model):
"""文章信息表"""
aid = models.BigAutoField(primary_key=True)
title = models.CharField(verbose_name="文章标题", max_length=128)
summary = models.CharField(verbose_name="文章简介", max_length=255)
read_count = models.IntegerField(default=0)
coumment_count = models.IntegerField(default=0)
up_count = models.IntegerField(default=0)
down_count = models.IntegerField(default=0)
create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="创建时间", auto_now_add=True)
blog = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="所属博客", to='Blog', to_field='bid',
on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)
category = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='文章类型', to='Category',to_field='cid',
on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)
type_choices = [
(1, "Python"),
(2, "Linux"),
(3, "OpenStack"),
(4, "GoLang"),
]
article_type = models.IntegerField(choices=type_choices, default=None)
tags = models.ManyToManyField(
to='Tag', through='ArticleToTag',
through_fields=('article', 'tag')
) class ArticleToTag(models.Model):
article = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='文章', to='Article', to_field='aid',
on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True) tag = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="标签", to='Tag', to_field='tid',
on_delete=models.SET_NULL,null=True)
class Meta:
unique_together = [
('article', 'tag')
] class ArticleDetail(models.Model):
"""文章详情表"""
content = models.TextField(verbose_name="文章内容")
article = models.OneToOneField(verbose_name="所属文章", to='Article',to_field='aid',
on_delete=models.CASCADE) class UpDown(models.Model):
"""文章顶/踩"""
article = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="文章", to='Article', to_field='aid',
on_delete=models.CASCADE)
user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='顶踩用户', to='UserInfo', to_field='uid',
on_delete=models.CASCADE)
up = models.BooleanField(verbose_name='是/否赞') class Meta:
"""联合唯一"""
unique_together = [('article', 'user')] class Comment(models.Model):
"""评论表"""
nid = models.BigAutoField(primary_key=True)
content = models.CharField(verbose_name='评论内容', max_length=255)
create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="创建时间", auto_now_add=True) reply = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="回复已有评论",to="self",
null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)
article = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="对应的文章",
to="Article",
to_field='aid',
on_delete=models.SET_NULL,
null=True)
创建数据库：python manage.py makemigrations; python manage.py migrate