HTML5中实现拖放操作,至少经过如下步骤
1)设置被拖放对象元素的draggable属性设置为true
2)编写与拖放有关的事件处理代码
事件 | 产生事件的元素 | 描述 |
dragstart | 被拖拽物体 | 开始拖放 |
dragenter | 被拖拽物体开始进入区域 | 进入范围 |
dragover | 拖放过程中鼠标经过的元素(包括目标对象) | 正在元素上 |
dragleave | 拖放离开时鼠标经过的元素(包括目标对象) | 离开范围 |
drop | 目标对象 | 被拖拽物体放下 |
dragend | 被拖拽物体 | 拖放结束 |
事件发生的顺序: dragstart -> dragenter -> dragover ->dragleave ->drop ->dragend
如果分为两组来看:
被拖拽元素 (发生的事件) | 要进入的目标元素(发生的事件) |
dragstart | dragenter |
dragend | dragover |
dragleve | |
drop |
可以学习一下W3school 的拖放 HTML5 拖放
1. 第一个小例子:做了一个删除icon 的demo
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gbk" />
<title>Demo</title>
<style>
html,body{width:100%;height:100%;}
.wrapper{ width:580px;margin:0px auto;margin-top:80px;}
ul{list-style:none;}
li{float:left;margin-right:20px;}
img{border-radius:12px;width:100px;height:100px;}
.rubbish{position:absolute;bottom:80px;background:url("drag/220839emsyf6bty8sfgrxf.png")
no-repeat;width:128px;height:128px;left:50%;margin-left:-64px;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="wrapper">
<ul>
<li draggable="true"><img src="drag/mzl.kcoxjsrs.png1.jpg" id="1"/></li>
<li draggable="true"><img src="drag/mzl.dgltpgis.png1.jpg" id="2"/></li>
<li draggable="true"><img src="drag/mzl.eiohimmz.png1.jpg" id="3"/></li>
<li draggable="true"><img src="drag/mzl.aiikkslk.png1.jpg" id="4"/></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="rubbish" id="rubbish"></div>
<script>
var iconarr = document.getElementsByTagName("li");//icon数组
var rubbishbin = document.getElementById("rubbish");
for( var i=0;i< iconarr.length;i++ ){
iconarr[i].ondragstart = function(ev){
/*拖拽开始(被拖拽元素) ondragstart 不可以写preventDefault事件*/
ev.dataTransfer.setData("text",ev.target.id);//存储拖拽元素的id*/
}
}
rubbishbin.ondragover = function(ev){
/*拖拽元素进入目标元素头上,不可少*/
ev.preventDefault();
}
rubbishbin.ondrop = function(ev){
/*拖拽元素进入目标元素头上,同时鼠标松开的时候*/
ev.preventDefault();
if(window.addEventListener){
ev.stopPropagation();
}else if(window.attachEvent){
ev.cancelBubble=true;
}
var ul = document.getElementsByTagName("ul")[0];
//拖拽的是img 移除的是Li
var node = document.getElementById(ev.dataTransfer.getData("text")).parentNode;
ul.removeChild(node);
rubbishbin.style.background="url('drag/220926qem3c3dsu53u8sha.png') no-repeat";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
2. 利用drag & drop拖拽物体更换位置
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="gbk"/>
<title>Demo</title>
<style>
html,body{width:100%;height:100%;}
.wrapper{ width:500px;margin:0px auto;margin-top:80px;}
ul{list-style:none;width:500px;}
li{float:left;margin:0px 20px 20px 0px;position: relative;width:132px;height:132px;}
img{border-radius:12px;width:100px;height:100px;position: relative;-moz-user-select:none;cursor: move;}
.rubbish{position:absolute;bottom:80px;background:url("empty.png")
no-repeat;width:128px;height:128px;left:50%;margin-left:-64px;}
.hover{border:3px dashed #fff;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="wrapper">
<ul>
<li draggable="true"><img src="http://i1.mm-img.com/ios/78/60/786031289/mzl.kcoxjsrs.png1.jpg"/></li>
<li draggable="true"><img src="http://i1.mm-img.com/ios/88/61/886104377/mzl.dgltpgis.png1.jpg"/></li>
<li draggable="true"><img src="http://i1.mm-img.com/ios/84/1/840146800/mzl.eiohimmz.png1.jpg"/></li>
<li draggable="true"><img src="http://i1.mm-img.com/ios/83/59/835969177/mzl.aiikkslk.png1.jpg"/></li>
<li draggable="true"><img src="http://i1.mm-img.com/ios/28/17/281796108/mzl.oyxfxpvw.png1.jpg"/></li>
<li draggable="true"><img src="http://i1.mm-img.com/ios/87/85/878549709/mzl.swnecgkk.png1.jpg"/></li>
<li draggable="true"><img src="http://i1.mm-img.com/ios/78/70/787063884/mzl.pmfectba.jpg1.jpg"/></li>
<li draggable="true"><img src="http://i1.mm-img.com/ios/87/18/871809581/mzl.fbyoqfjw.png1.jpg"/></li>
<li draggable="true"><img src="http://i1.mm-img.com/ios/66/93/669390657/mzl.ekoptmtx.png1.jpg"/></li>
</ul>
</div>
<script>
var imgarrs = document.querySelectorAll("img");
var dragnow=null;//目前被拽着的物体
for(var i=0;i< imgarrs.length;i++ ){
addHandler(imgarrs[i],'dragstart',dragstart);
addHandler(imgarrs[i],'dragenter',dragenter);
addHandler(imgarrs[i],'dragover',dragover);
addHandler(imgarrs[i],'dragleave',dragleave);
addHandler(imgarrs[i],'drop',drop);
addHandler(imgarrs[i],'dragend',dragend);
}
function addHandler(node,type,handler){
if(window.addEventListener){
node.addEventListener(type,handler,false);
}else if(window.attachEvent){
node.attachEvent('on'+type,handler);
}
} function dragstart(e){//被拖拽元素
if(typeof e.target.style.opacity!='undefined'){
e.target.style.opacity='0.4';
}else{
e.target.style.filter = "alpha(opacity=40)";
} addClass(e.target,"zIndex");
e.dataTransfer.setData("text",e.target.src);//存储图片的src
dragnow=e.target;//目前被拽的物体
} function dragover(e){//拖拽目标身上的效果
e.preventDefault();
e.dataTransfer.dropEffect='move';
} function dragenter(e){
if(e.stopPropagation){e.stopPropagation();}
if(typeof e.target.classList !='undefined'){
e.target.classList.add('hover');
}else{
addClass(e.target,"hover");
}
} function dragleave(e){
removeClass(e.target,"hover");
} function drop(e){
var src = e.dataTransfer.getData("text");//获取src
e.preventDefault();
if(e.stopPropagation){
e.stopPropagation();
}else if(e.attachEvent){
e.cancelBubble=true;
}
if(dragnow == e.target){
removeClass(e.target,"hover");
removeClass(e.target,"zIndex");
return;
}else{//如果拽着的元素与被拽着的元素一样,不用处理
dragnow.src = e.target.src;
e.target.src = src;
removeClass(e.target,"hover");
removeClass(e.target,"zIndex");
}
} function dragend(e){
e.preventDefault();
if(typeof e.target.style.opacity!='undefined'){
e.target.style.opacity='1';
}else{
e.target.style.filter = "alpha(opacity=100)";
}//针对FF 在dragend 时候阻止冒泡
removeClass(e.target,"zIndex");
}//发生在被拖拽物体身上 function addClass(node,newclass){
if(node.className.indexOf(newclass)>0){
return;
}
node.className = node.className?node.className+" "+newclass:newclass;
} function removeClass(node,className){
if(typeof node.classList !='undefined'){
node.classList.remove(className);
}else{
var classarr = node.className.split(/\s+/);
var arr = [];
for( var i=0;i< classarr.length;i++ ){
if(classarr[i] == className)continue;
arr.push(classarr[i]);
}
node.className = arr.join(" ");
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
第二个例子中有一点疑惑:
我一开始想用dataTransfer.setData("url",src)来存储src 的,但是发现这样在IE9中getData("url")的时候无法获取值,所以改回"text"了。