Keepalived高可用
环境准备：
准备三台RHEL7虚拟机，2台做Web服务器（部署Keepalived实现Web服务器的高可用），Web服务器的浮动VIP地址为192.168.4.80，1台作为客户端（proxy）。
配置主机名、IP和yum源：
- proxy (eth0:192.168.4.5)
- web1 (eth0:192.168.4.100)
- web2 (eth0:192.1.68.4.200)
web1和web2部署默认网页页面
（以web1为例）
[root@web1 ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@web1 ~]# echo "192.168.4.100" > /var/www/html/index.html //注：web2写入不同的页面内容“192.168.4.200”
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl enable httpd
web1和web2安装Keepalived
[root@web1 ~]# yum -y install keepalived
[root@web2 ~]# yum -y install keepalived
配置文件/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 部分内容解析：
//全局配置
global_defs {
notification_email { //设置报警收件邮箱
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 192.168.200.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL //设置id，用于标识主机
vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
vrrp_strict
vrrp_garp_interval 0
vrrp_gna_interval 0
}
//浮动IP配置
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER //状态。MASTER或BACKUP。仅决定初始的状态，实际状态由优先级决定
interface eth0 //网络接口名称
virtual_router_id 51 //组。号码一样为同一组。主备服务器组号必须一致（在同一组内比较优先级）
priority 100 //服务器优先级,优先级高优先获取VIP
advert_int 1 //每1秒比较优先级
authentication { //添加密码认证（避免攻击者设置相同组号，设置高优先级从而成为主服务器
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111 //主备服务器密码必须一致
}
virtual_ipaddress { //谁是主服务器谁获得该VIP
192.168.200.16
192.168.200.17
192.168.200.18
}
}
......
web1和web2修改keepalived配置文件
注意：本实验中，32行之后的集群相关配置全删掉
[root@web1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
......
router_id web1
......
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.4.80 //浮动IP
}
[root@web2 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
......
router_id web2
......
state BACKUP //web2为备份服务器
......
priority 50 //设置优先级小于web1的优先级（100）
......
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.4.80
}
重启keepalived服务
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl restart keepalived
[root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart keepalived
检查VIP：
[root@web1 ~]# ip a s eth0 //使用ip addr show命令查看VIP。ifconfig命令查不到VIP
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:20:21:7b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.4.100/24 brd 192.168.4.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.4.80/32 scope global eth0 //浮动IP在web1主机上
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::34ae:6e89:a7f:f845/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@web2 ~]# ip a s eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:4e:86:ab brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.4.200/24 brd 192.168.4.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::1142:46d2:cc3b:ea58/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
配置防火墙和SELinux
注意：每次启动keepalived会自动添加一个drop的防火墙规则，需要清空！
[root@web1 ~]# iptables -F
[root@web1 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@web2 ~]# iptables -F
[root@web2 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@proxy ~]# ping 192.168.4.80 //VIP可ping通
测试
模拟web1故障：
[root@web1 ~]# poweroff //将web1关机
[root@web2 ~]# ip a s eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:4e:86:ab brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.4.200/24 brd 192.168.4.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.4.80/32 scope global eth0 //浮动IP自动飘到了web2主机上
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::1142:46d2:cc3b:ea58/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
模拟web1故障排除：
[root@room9pc01 ~]# virsh start web1 //再将web1开机，模拟故障排除
[root@web1 ~]# ip a s eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:20:21:7b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.4.100/24 brd 192.168.4.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::34ae:6e89:a7f:f845/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl start keepalived.service //再启动keepalived服务
[root@web1 ~]# iptables -F
[root@web1 ~]# ip a s eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:20:21:7b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.4.100/24 brd 192.168.4.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.4.80/32 scope global eth0 //浮动IP飘回到web1主机
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::34ae:6e89:a7f:f845/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
Keepalived+LVS调度器高可用
使用Keepalived为LVS调度器提供高可用，防止LVS调度器单点故障：
- LVS1调度器（proxy1）IP为192.168.4.5
- LVS2调度器（proxy2）IP为192.168.4.6
- 虚拟服务器VIP为192.168.4.15
- 真实Web服务器IP为192.168.4.100、192.168.4.200
- 使用加权轮询调度算法，真实web服务器权重不同
环境准备
使用5台RHEL虚拟机,都配置好yum，1台作为客户端、2台作为LVS调度器、2台作为Real Server (web服务器)，拓扑如下：
配置好如下IP：
| 主机名 |
IP |
| client |
eth0:192.168.4.10/24 |
| proxy1 |
eth0:192.168.4.5/24 |
| proxy2 |
eth0:192.168.4.6/24 |
| web1 |
eth0:192.168.4.100/24 |
| web2 |
eth0:192.168.4.200/24 |
即：在前面实验基础上再新增一台proxy2（192.168.4.6），关闭web1和web2的keepalived服务。
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl stop keepalived
[root@web2 ~]# systemctl stop keepalived
[root@proxy ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname proxy1
[root@room9pc01 ~]# virsh start --console proxy2
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname proxy2
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con modify eth0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.4.6/24 connection.autoconnect yes
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con up eth0
[root@proxy2 ~]# scp 192.168.4.5:/etc/yum.repos.d/my.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@proxy2 ~]# yum repolist
web1和web2配置VIP并防止IP冲突
（注：proxy1和proxy2不手动配置VIP，而是由keepalived自动配置）
web1配置：(web2同样操作)
[root@web1 ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@web1 network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-lo{,:0}
注意：这里的子网掩码必须是32（也就是全255），网络地址与IP地址一样，广播地址与IP地址也一样。
[root@web1 network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-lo:0
DEVICE=lo:0
IPADDR=192.168.4.15
NETMASK=255.255.255.255
NETWORK=192.168.4.15
BROADCAST=192.168.4.15
ONBOOT=yes
NAME=lo:0
注意：这里因为web1也配置与调度器一样的VIP地址，默认肯定会出现地址冲突。写入这四行的主要目的就是访问192.168.4.15的数据包，只有调度器会响应，其他主机都不做任何响应。
[root@web1 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
末尾添加4行：
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
#当有arp广播问谁是192.168.4.15时，本机忽略该ARP广播，不做任何回应。本机不要向外宣告自己的lo回环地址是192.168.4.15
重启网络服务，设置防火墙与SELinux
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl restart network
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@web1 ~]# setenforce 0
两台LVS调度器安装Keepalived、ipvsadm
注：两台LVS调度器相同操作
[root@proxy1 ~]# yum -y install keepalived ipvsadm
[root@proxy1 ~]# systemctl enable keepalived //开机自启keepalived
[root@proxy1 ~]# ipvsadm -C //清除所有规则
[root@proxy1 ~]# ipvsadm -Ln //查看规则
配置Keepalived实现LVS（DR模式）调度器高可用
LVS1调度器（proxy1）配置Keepalived：
[root@proxy1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
......
router_id LVS1
......
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.4.15
}
//设置ipvsadm的VIP规则
virtual_server 192.168.4.15 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo wrr //LVS调度算法：wrr 加权轮询调度
lb_kind DR //LVS模式：DR 直接路由模式
#persistence_timeout 50 //此行的作用是保持连接，即客户端在一定时间内始终访问相同服务器。为实验效果所以此处注释。
protocol TCP
//设置后端web1服务器RIP
real_server 192.168.4.100 80 {
weight 1 //权重
TCP_CHECK { //健康检查
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
//设置后端web2服务器RIP
real_server 192.168.4.200 80 {
weight 2
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
LVS2调度器（proxy2）配置Keepalived：
[root@proxy1 ~]# scp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 192.168.4.6:/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@proxy2 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
......
router_id LVS2
......
state BACKUP
......
priority 50
......
启动proxy1和proxy2的keepalived
[root@proxy1 ~]# systemctl restart keepalived
[root@proxy1 ~]# iptables -F
[root@proxy2 ~]# systemctl restart keepalived
[root@proxy2 ~]# iptables -F
测试
//已实现加权轮询调度：
[root@client ~]# curl 192.168.4.15
192.168.4.100
[root@client ~]# curl 192.168.4.15
192.168.4.200
[root@client ~]# curl 192.168.4.15
192.168.4.200
[root@client ~]# curl 192.168.4.15
192.168.4.100
[root@client ~]# curl 192.168.4.15
192.168.4.200
[root@client ~]# curl 192.168.4.15
192.168.4.200
//已实现LVS调度器高可用：
[root@proxy2 ~]# ip a s eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:af:04:25 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.4.6/24 brd 192.168.4.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::dd7a:452c:ef80:98b3/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@proxy1 ~]# poweroff //proxy1关机
[root@proxy2 ~]# ip a s eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:af:04:25 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.4.6/24 brd 192.168.4.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.4.15/32 scope global eth0 //VIP自动到了proxy2上
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::dd7a:452c:ef80:98b3/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
//客户端依然可正常访问
[root@client ~]# curl 192.168.4.15
192.168.4.100
[root@client ~]# curl 192.168.4.15
192.168.4.200
[root@client ~]# curl 192.168.4.15
192.168.4.200
[root@client ~]# curl 192.168.4.15
192.168.4.100
[root@client ~]# curl 192.168.4.15
192.168.4.200
[root@client ~]# curl 192.168.4.15
192.168.4.200