1.urllib.urlopen(url[,data[,proxies]])
urllib.urlopen(url[, data[, proxies]]) :创建一个表示远程url的类文件对象，然后像本地文件一样操作这个类文件对象来获取远程数据。
参数url表示远程数据的路径，一般是网址；
参数data表示以post方式提交到url的数据(玩过web的人应该知道提交数据的两种方式：post与get。如果你不清楚，也不必太在意，一般情况下很少用到这个参数)；
参数proxies用于设置代理。
打开一个url的方法，返回一个文件对象，然后可以进行类似文件对象的操作。本例试着打开baidu
#coding:UTF8 import urllib
response = urllib.urlopen("http://www.baidu.com")
f = response.readline() #读取html第一行
print f
代码
返回结果
<!DOCTYPE html>
urlopen返回对象提供方法：
- read() , readline() ,readlines() , fileno() , close() ：这些方法的使用方式与文件对象完全一样
- info()：返回一个httplib.HTTPMessage对象，表示远程服务器返回的头信息
- getcode()：返回Http状态码。如果是http请求，200请求成功完成;404网址未找到
- geturl()：返回请求的url
2.urllib.urlretrieve(url[,filename[,reporthook[,data]]])
urlretrieve方法将url定位到的html文件下载到你本地的硬盘中。如果不指定filename，则会存为临时文件。
urlretrieve()返回一个二元组(filename,mine_hdrs)
#coding:UTF8 import urllib
response = urllib.urlretrieve("http://www.baidu.com")
print type(response)
print response[0]
print response[1]
临时存放 代码
<type 'tuple'>
'/tmp/tmp8eVLjq'
Date: Fri, 17 Feb 2017 02:44:05 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Connection: Close
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Set-Cookie: BAIDUID=2B910536110C34E39F7A5D0F0BB0AB8F:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: BIDUPSID=2B910536110C34E39F7A5D0F0BB0AB8F; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: PSTM=1487299445; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: BDSVRTM=0; path=/
Set-Cookie: BD_HOME=0; path=/
Set-Cookie: H_PS_PSSID=22104_1420_21124_17001_22035; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
P3P: CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "
Cache-Control: private
Cxy_all: baidu+90e29a03609778c29a3b33c9fc46b4a8
Expires: Fri, 17 Feb 2017 02:43:31 GMT
X-Powered-By: HPHP
Server: BWS/1.1
X-UA-Compatible: IE=Edge,chrome=1
BDPAGETYPE: 1
BDQID: 0xdff2399600011aec
BDUSERID: 0
返回结果
#coding:UTF8 import urllib
response = urllib.urlretrieve("http://www.baidu.com",filename='E:\google.html')
print type(response)
print response[0]
print response[1]
本地存放 代码
<type 'tuple'>
E:\google.html
Date: Fri, 17 Feb 2017 02:48:06 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Connection: Close
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Set-Cookie: BAIDUID=3DFE41A42CB005F34AE8BDEF4659A56D:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: BIDUPSID=3DFE41A42CB005F34AE8BDEF4659A56D; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: PSTM=1487299686; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: BDSVRTM=0; path=/
Set-Cookie: BD_HOME=0; path=/
Set-Cookie: H_PS_PSSID=1457_21112_18559_22036; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
P3P: CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "
Cache-Control: private
Cxy_all: baidu+871f7c77ae8fbab47caa28ffbda301bf
Expires: Fri, 17 Feb 2017 02:47:14 GMT
X-Powered-By: HPHP
Server: BWS/1.1
X-UA-Compatible: IE=Edge,chrome=1
BDPAGETYPE: 1
BDQID: 0xc583a986000127e2
BDUSERID: 0
返回结果
3.urllib.urlcleanup()
清除由于urllib.urlretrieve()所产生的缓存
4.urllib.quote(url)和urllib.quote_plus(url)
将url数据获取之后，并将其编码，从而适用与URL字符串中，使其能被打印和被web服务器接受。
#coding:UTF8 import urllib
response = urllib.quote("http://www.baidu.com")
res = urllib.quote_plus('http://www.baidu.com') print response
print res
代码
http%3A//www.baidu.com
http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com
返回结果
5.urllib.unquote(url)和urllib.unquote_plus(url)
与4的函数相反。
6.urllib.urlencode(query)
将URL中的键值对以连接符&划分
这里可以与urlopen结合以实现post方法和get方法：
GET方法：
#coding:UTF8 import urllib
response = urllib.urlencode({'orange':1,'apple':2,'eggs':3})
res = urllib.urlopen("http://python.org/query?%s" % response) print response
print res.read()
代码
orange=1&eggs=3&apple=2
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返回结果
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#coding:UTF8 import urllib
response = urllib.urlencode({'orange':1,'apple':2,'eggs':3})
res = urllib.urlopen("http://python.org/query",response) print response
print res.read()
代码
orange=1&eggs=3&apple=2
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