玩转 Comparator 和 Comparable 两接口

时间:2022-05-26 00:54:30

最近项目中有排序的需求,就查看了一下Java文档,发现有两个接口都可以进行排序,Comparable 和 Comparator 两接口到底有啥区别?何时用?怎么用?使用场景我都在底下一一研究分享出来:

一、Comparable 比较器

(1)Comparable 是接口,可以认为是一个内比较器,实现了Comparable 接口的类有一个特点,就是这些类可以和自己进行比较,比较逻辑依赖于 comparaTo() 方法。如果借用Collections.sort() 方法来进行排序,那么这个类必须实现 Comparable 接口并实现 compareTo() 方法,java的很多类都实现了Comparable接口,比如 String、Integer 等类

public interface Comparable<T> {
public int compareTo(T o);
}

  调用此方法,也就是同一个List中的同类型元素进行比较,即this和o比较;若返回值大于0则this > o,返回值等于0则是this = o,返回值小于0则是this < o;

(2)实例代码:

public class UserComparable implements Comparable<UserComparable>{

    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserComparable.class);

    private String name;

    private Integer age;

    public UserComparable(String name, Integer age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
} public String getName() {
return name;
} public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
} public Integer getAge() {
return age;
} public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
} @Override
public int compareTo(UserComparable user) {
if (this.age.compareTo(user.getAge()) > 0) {
return 1;
} else if (this.age.compareTo(user.getAge()) == 0) {
return 0;
} else {
return -1;
}
} @Override
public String toString() {
return "name = " + this.getName() + ", age = " + this.getAge();
} public static void main(String[] args) {
List<UserComparable> userList = Lists.newArrayList();
userList.add(new UserComparable("xiaoxiao", 22));
userList.add(new UserComparable("honghong", 19));
userList.add(new UserComparable("mingming", 29));
userList.add(new UserComparable("shuishui", 26));
userList.add(new UserComparable("yangyang", 34));
//排序前
logger.info("排序前");
userList.stream().forEach(user -> System.out.println(user.toString()));
//排序后
logger.info("排序后");
Collections.sort(userList);
userList.stream().forEach(user -> System.out.println(user.toString()));
} }

(3)执行结果:

17:25:59.511 [main] INFO com.springboot.base.comparable.UserComparable - 排序前
name = xiaoxiao, age = 22
name = honghong, age = 19
name = mingming, age = 29
name = shuishui, age = 26
name = yangyang, age = 34
17:25:59.596 [main] INFO com.springboot.base.comparable.UserComparable - 排序后
name = honghong, age = 19
name = xiaoxiao, age = 22
name = shuishui, age = 26
name = mingming, age = 29
name = yangyang, age = 34

(4)总结:  

public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> void sort(List<T> list) {
list.sort(null);
}

  Collections.sort();如若借助这个方法进行排序,List集合存储的元素必须是实现 Comparable 接口并重写compareTo()方法的对象;要求在此类中实现 compareTo() 接口,耦合性比较高,不建议使用!

二、Comparator比较器

(1)Comparator接口是一个函数式接口,只有一个抽象方法 compare(),compare比较的o1和o2,返回值大于0则o1大于o2,以此类推;

@FunctionalInterface
public interface Comparator<T> { /**
* 唯一抽象方法
*/
int compare(T o1, T o2); /**
* 列表逆序
*/
default java.util.Comparator<T> reversed() {
return Collections.reverseOrder(this);
} /**
* 静态方法
*/
public static <T, U> java.util.Comparator<T> comparing(
Function<? super T, ? extends U> keyExtractor,
java.util.Comparator<? super U> keyComparator)
{
Objects.requireNonNull(keyExtractor);
Objects.requireNonNull(keyComparator);
return (java.util.Comparator<T> & Serializable)
(c1, c2) -> keyComparator.compare(keyExtractor.apply(c1),
keyExtractor.apply(c2));
}
}

(2)实例代码:

public class User {

    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(User.class);

    private String name;

    private Integer age;

    public User(String name, Integer age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
} public String getName() {
return name;
} public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
} public Integer getAge() {
return age;
} public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
} @Override
public String toString() {
return "name = " + this.getName() + ", age = " + this.getAge();
} public static void main(String[] args) {
List<User> userList = Lists.newArrayList();
userList.add(new User("xiaoxiao", 22));
userList.add(new User("honghong", 19));
userList.add(new User("mingming", 29));
userList.add(new User("shuishui", 26));
userList.add(new User("yangyang", 34));
//排序前
logger.info("升序排序前");
userList.stream().forEach(user -> System.out.println(user.toString()));
//排序后
logger.info("升序排序后");
Collections.sort(userList, new UserComparator());
userList.stream().forEach(user -> System.out.println(user.toString()));
logger.info("升序再逆序");
Collections.reverse(userList);
userList.stream().forEach(user -> System.out.println(user.toString()));
} } class UserComparator implements Comparator<User> { @Override
public int compare(User user1, User user2) {
if (user1.getAge().compareTo(user2.getAge()) > 0) {
return 1;
} else if (user1.getAge().compareTo(user2.getAge()) == 0) {
return 0;
} else {
return -1;
}
}
}

(3)执行结果:

17:58:09.704 [main] INFO com.springboot.base.comparator.User - 升序排序前
name = xiaoxiao, age = 22
name = honghong, age = 19
name = mingming, age = 29
name = shuishui, age = 26
name = yangyang, age = 34
17:58:09.817 [main] INFO com.springboot.base.comparator.User - 升序排序后
name = honghong, age = 19
name = xiaoxiao, age = 22
name = shuishui, age = 26
name = mingming, age = 29
name = yangyang, age = 34
17:58:09.819 [main] INFO com.springboot.base.comparator.User - 升序再逆序
name = yangyang, age = 34
name = mingming, age = 29
name = shuishui, age = 26
name = xiaoxiao, age = 22
name = honghong, age = 19

(4)总结:

  Collections.sort(List list, Comparator comparator)方法,明显可以看出来第二个参数只需要传递一个实现Comparator接口,实现compare()方法的实例对象,实现类会定义排序的逻辑功能;

  优点:由于排序逻辑的实现是在要排序类(User)的外部编写,不会在要排序类(User)里面编写,这样就可以解除要排序类(User)和排序逻辑分离,降低耦合性;

(5)由于Java8的新特性,只要满足有 @FunctionalInterface 注解,就能使用Lambda表达式简化排序代码:

     /**
* 方式一:使用匿名内部类,创建一个实现Comparable接口的类对象,并重写compare()方法,编写排序逻辑
*/
userList.stream().sorted(new Comparator<User>() {
@Override
public int compare(User user1, User user2) {
if (user1.getAge().compareTo(user2.getAge()) > 0) {
return 1;
} else if (user1.getAge().compareTo(user2.getAge()) == 0) {
return 0;
} else {
return -1;
}
}
}).collect(Collectors.toList());
userList.stream().forEach(user -> System.out.println(user.toString())); /**
* 方式二:使用Lambda表达式;由于sorted()方法需要一个实现Comparator接口,并重写compare()方法的对象,
* compare()方法接收两个参数,Lambda表达式会根据 userList 集合存储的对象类型,自动推导出 user1,user2 的类型,
* 并传递到compare()方法中,进行排序操作(省略这些的代码,在编译时期,会自动的推导出源代码)
*/
userList.stream().sorted((user1, user2) -> user1.getAge().compareTo(user2.getAge())).collect(Collectors.toList());
userList.stream().forEach(user -> System.out.println(user.toString())); /**
* 方式三:更加简化的方式二Lambda表达式,由于 Comparator 接口存在 comparing() 静态方法,接收参数,
* 比较方式,使用类::方法对其相应对象属性值进行排序
*/
userList.stream().sorted(Comparator.comparing(User::getAge)).collect(Collectors.toList());
     userList.stream().forEach(user -> System.out.println(user.toString()));

  推荐排序一般还是使用 Comparator 接口,结合 Lambda 表达式进行排序,编写简单,简捷;

Comparable 和 Comparator 总结:

  两种方法各有优劣, 用Comparable 简单, 只需实现 Comparable 接口的对象重写compareTo()方法,直接就成为一个可以比较的对象,若要修改排序逻辑,必须要修改要排序类的原代码,耦合性太高;

  用Comparator 的好处是若排序功能需要修改,不需要修改要排序类的源代码, 但需另写类实现Comparator接口重写compare()方法,可以借用Lambda表达式进行简便操作!