Spring问题：class path resource [org.spring/applicationContext.xml] cannot be opened because it does no

在使用spring框架时，将applicationContext.xml文件放在源包org.spring内，自动生成spring支持后，发现总是出现以下错误：

2014-05-07 19:10:08,841 ERROR [org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader] - <Context initialization failed>

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: IOException parsing XML document from class path resource [org.spring/applicationContext.xml]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [org.spring/applicationContext.xml] cannot be opened because it does not exist
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:341)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:302)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:174)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:209)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:180)
at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:125)
at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:94)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:131)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:522)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:436)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:385)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:284)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:111)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4779)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5273)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.checkResources(HostConfig.java:1366)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.check(HostConfig.java:1454)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:295)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.backgroundProcess(ContainerBase.java:1379)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1537)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1547)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.run(ContainerBase.java:1526)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:744)
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [org.spring/applicationContext.xml] cannot be opened because it does not exist
at org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource.getInputStream(ClassPathResource.java:158)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:328)
... 25 more
五月 07, 2014 7:10:08 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext listenerStart
严重: Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: IOException parsing XML document from class path resource [org.spring/applicationContext.xml]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [org.spring/applicationContext.xml] cannot be opened because it does not exist
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:341)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:302)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:174)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:209)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:180)
at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:125)
at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:94)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:131)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:522)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:436)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:385)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:284)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:111)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4779)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5273)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.checkResources(HostConfig.java:1366)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.check(HostConfig.java:1454)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:295)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.backgroundProcess(ContainerBase.java:1379)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1537)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1547)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.run(ContainerBase.java:1526)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:744)
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [org.spring/applicationContext.xml] cannot be opened because it does not exist
at org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource.getInputStream(ClassPathResource.java:158)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:328)
... 25 more
五月 07, 2014 7:10:08 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal
严重: Error listenerStart
五月 07, 2014 7:10:08 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal
严重: Context [/chap16] startup failed due to previous errors
五月 07, 2014 7:10:08 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
信息: Closing Spring root WebApplicationContext
2014-05-07 19:10:08,852 INFO [org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext] - <Closing Root WebApplicationContext: startup date [Wed May 07 19:10:08 CST 2014]; root of context hierarchy>
2014-05-07 19:10:08,853 WARN [org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext] - <Exception thrown from ApplicationListener handling ContextClosedEvent>
java.lang.IllegalStateException: ApplicationEventMulticaster not initialized - call 'refresh' before multicasting events via the context: Root WebApplicationContext: startup date [Wed May 07 19:10:08 CST 2014]; root of context hierarchy
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getApplicationEventMulticaster(AbstractApplicationContext.java:337)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.publishEvent(AbstractApplicationContext.java:324)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.doClose(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1025)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.close(AbstractApplicationContext.java:988)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.closeWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:556)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextDestroyed(ContextLoaderListener.java:142)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStop(StandardContext.java:4819)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.stopInternal(StandardContext.java:5466)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:232)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:160)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.checkResources(HostConfig.java:1366)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.check(HostConfig.java:1454)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:295)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.backgroundProcess(ContainerBase.java:1379)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1537)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1547)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.run(ContainerBase.java:1526)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:744)
2014-05-07 19:10:08,853 WARN [org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext] - <Exception thrown from LifecycleProcessor on context close>
java.lang.IllegalStateException: LifecycleProcessor not initialized - call 'refresh' before invoking lifecycle methods via the context: Root WebApplicationContext: startup date [Wed May 07 19:10:08 CST 2014]; root of context hierarchy
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getLifecycleProcessor(AbstractApplicationContext.java:350)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.doClose(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1033)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.close(AbstractApplicationContext.java:988)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.closeWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:556)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextDestroyed(ContextLoaderListener.java:142)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStop(StandardContext.java:4819)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.stopInternal(StandardContext.java:5466)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:232)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:160)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.checkResources(HostConfig.java:1366)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.check(HostConfig.java:1454)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:295)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.backgroundProcess(ContainerBase.java:1379)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1537)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1547)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.run(ContainerBase.java:1526)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:744)
五月 07, 2014 7:10:08 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext listenerStop
严重: Exception sending context destroyed event to listener instance of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
java.lang.IllegalStateException: BeanFactory not initialized or already closed - call 'refresh' before accessing beans via the ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.getBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:172)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.destroyBeans(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1066)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.doClose(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1040)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.close(AbstractApplicationContext.java:988)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.closeWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:556)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextDestroyed(ContextLoaderListener.java:142)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStop(StandardContext.java:4819)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.stopInternal(StandardContext.java:5466)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:232)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:160)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.checkResources(HostConfig.java:1366)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.check(HostConfig.java:1454)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:295)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.backgroundProcess(ContainerBase.java:1379)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1537)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1547)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.run(ContainerBase.java:1526)

at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:744)

产生原因是：class path resource [org.spring/applicationContext.xml] cannot be opened because it does not exist

org.spring路径下的applicationContext.xml文件不存在！这怎么可能？查看web.xml文件，发现applicationContext.xml的配置如下：

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:org.spring/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>

而org.spring路径下的xml文件确实存在，重启了tomcat多次，仍然报错，到底出了什么问题呢？

想到在hibernate中，在配置hibernate.cfg.xml时，关于实体类的映射中，需要将包名中的“.”换成"/"，在web.xml配置文件中，是不是也要这样呢？抱着一试的心态，将web.xml中的配置改为

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:org/spring/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>

重新启动tomcat，成功了，不再报错了!

明明是MyEclipse自动生成的配置路径，竟然还会出错！在以后的学习中，还是尽量多动手进行配置吧，不要过于相信自动。