自动备份MYSQL数据库删除五天前的旧档和上传到其他服务器

参考以下网页：
http://blog.csdn.net/daniel_ustc/article/details/9395971
http://www.opsers.org/server/linux-automatically-backup-the-mysql-shell-script-on-a-regular-basis.html

工作原理是使用mysql的mysqldump工具来导出数据库为.sql文件，然后将所有导出的文件打包归档。
然后我们在shell脚本中使用 scp命令把备份文件复制到另外一台备份机器。


一，备份脚本

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1. #!/bin/sh
   
2. # mysql_backup.sh: backup mysql databasesand keep newest 5 days backup.
   
3. #
   
4. # db_user is mysql username
   
5. # db_passwd is mysql password
   
6. # db_host is mysql host
   
7. # —————————–
   
8. db_user="root"
   
9. db_passwd="ocs"
   
10. db_host="localhost"
    
11. 
    
12. # the directory for story your backup file.
    
13. backup_dir="/home/backup/"
    
14. 
    
15. # date formatfor backup file (dd-mm-yyyy)
    
16. time="$(date +"%Y-%m-%d_%H_%M_%S")"
    
17. today="$(date +"%Y-%m-%d")"
    
18. fpath=$backup_dir$today
    
19. echo $fpath
    
20. if[ ! -d $fpath ];then
    
21. mkdir $fpath
    
22. fi
    
23. 
    
24. # mysql, mysqldumpand some other bin's path
    
25. MYSQL="/usr/bin/mysql"
    
26. MYSQLDUMP="/usr/bin/mysqldump"
    
27. MKDIR="/bin/mkdir"
    
28. RM="/bin/rm"
    
29. MV="/bin/mv"
    
30. GZIP="/bin/gzip"
    
31. 
    
32. # the directory for story the newest backup
    
33. test ! -d "$backup_dir/bk/" && $MKDIR "$backup_dir/bk/"
    
34. 
    
35. # check the directory for store backup is writeable
    
36. test ! -w $backup_dir && echo"Error: $backup_dir is un-writeable." && exit 0
    
37. 
    
38. # get all databases
    
39. all_db="$($MYSQL -u $db_user -h $db_host -p$db_passwd -Bse 'show databases')"
    
40. for dbin $all_db
    
41. do
    
42. $MYSQLDUMP -u $db_user-h $db_host -p$db_passwd $db--single-transaction| $GZIP -9 > "$fpath/$db.$time.gz"
    
43. done
    
44. 
    
45. #
    
46. cd $backup_dir
    
47. tar czf Mysql.$time.tar.gz $today
    
48. rm -rf $today
    
49. mv Mysql.$time.tar.gz $backup_dir/bk/
    
50. 
    
51. #scp to other server
    
52. scp $backup_dir/bk/Mysql.$time.tar.gz root@172.16.86.1:/var/www/html/work/bak/
    
53. 
    
54. # delete the oldest backup
    
55. #find $backup_dir -type f-mtime +4 -name "*.gz" -exec rm -f {} \;
    
56. find $backup_dir/bk-name "*.gz"-type f -mtime+5 -exec rm-f {}\; > /dev/null 2>&1
    
57. 
    
58. exit 0;

二，排程
由于机器本身没有安装cron服务，先透过yum先安装

# yum install vixie-cron
# yum install crontabs
说明：
vixie-cron软件包是cron的主程序；
crontabs软件包是用来安装、卸装、或列举用来驱动 cron 守护进程的表格的程序。
安装vixie-cron时，一般会自动加载安装crontabs
加入开机自动启动:
#chkconfig --level 35 crond on
#/sbin/service crond start


三，设置排程
#vi /etc/crontab
#backup mysql db
3 0 * * * root /home/backup/mysql_backup.sh


四，设置scp
本机执行
# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
/root/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.
Overwrite (y/n)? y
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 回车空密码
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
56:68:73:d4:be:a1:fe:4f:f6:9b:d9:a2:75:o1:d0:a0 root@ng
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
...
+-----------------+
#cd ~/.ssh
# scp id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.1:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys


五，恢复数据库
恢复数据备份文件：
非压缩备份文件恢复：
#mysql -u root -p databasename < name2008010103.sql

从压缩文件直接恢复：
# zcat mrbs.2014-04-22_16_16_32.gz | mysql -uroot -ppassword -Dmrbs

其它问题：
# ./mysql_backup.sh 
mysqldump: Got error: 1044: Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' to database 'information_schema' when using LOCK TABLES

指令增加如下:

$MYSQLDUMP -u $db_user -h $db_host -p$db_passwd $db --single-transaction | $GZIP -9 > "$fpath/$db.$time.gz"

--single-transaction
或
--skip-lock-tables