将SQL列中的分隔值拆分为多行

I would really like some advice here, to give some background info I am working with inserting Message Tracking logs from Exchange 2007 into SQL. As we have millions upon millions of rows per day I am using a Bulk Insert statement to insert the data into a SQL table.

我真的很喜欢这里的一些建议，提供一些背景信息我正在使用将Exchange 2007中的邮件跟踪日志插入SQL。由于我们每天有数百万行，我使用Bulk Insert语句将数据插入到SQL表中。

In fact I actually Bulk Insert into a temp table and then from there I MERGE the data into the live table, this is for test parsing issues as certain fields otherwise have quotes and such around the values.

实际上我实际上是Bulk Insert到一个临时表然后从那里我将数据合并到实时表中，这是用于测试解析问题，因为某些字段否则有引号等值。

This works well, with the exception of the fact that the recipient-address column is a delimited field seperated by a ; character, and it can be incredibly long sometimes as there can be many email recipients.

这种方法很有效，但收件人地址列是由a分隔的分隔字段除外;角色，有时可能会非常长，因为可能有很多电子邮件收件人。

I would like to take this column, and split the values into multiple rows which would then be inserted into another table. Problem is anything I am trying is either taking too long or not working the way I want.

我想采用这一列，并将值拆分为多行，然后将其插入另一个表中。问题是我正在尝试的任何事情要么花费太长时间，要么不按我想要的方式工作。

Take this example data:

以此示例数据为例：

message-id                                              recipient-address
[e-mail]   [e-mail]
[e-mail]     [e-mail]
[e-mail]              [e-mail];[e-mail];[e-mail]

I would like this to be formatted as followed in my Recipients table:

我希望在我的收件人表格中将其格式化为：

message-id                                              recipient-address
[e-mail]   [e-mail]
[e-mail]     [e-mail]
[e-mail]              [e-mail]
[e-mail]              [e-mail]
[e-mail]              [e-mail]

Does anyone have any ideas about how I can go about doing this?

有没有人对我如何做到这一点有任何想法？

I know PowerShell pretty well, so I tried in that, but a foreach loop even on 28K records took forever to process, I need something that will run as quickly/efficiently as possible.

我非常了解PowerShell，所以我尝试了，但即使在28K记录上的foreach循环也需要永久处理，我需要能够尽可能快速/高效地运行的东西。

Thanks!

谢谢！

3 个解决方案

#1

First, create a split function:

首先，创建一个split函数：

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.SplitStrings
(
    @List       NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @Delimiter  NVARCHAR(255)
)
RETURNS TABLE
AS
    RETURN (SELECT Number = ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY Number),
        Item FROM (SELECT Number, Item = LTRIM(RTRIM(SUBSTRING(@List, Number, 
        CHARINDEX(@Delimiter, @List + @Delimiter, Number) - Number)))
    FROM (SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY s1.[object_id])
        FROM sys.all_objects AS s1 CROSS APPLY sys.all_objects) AS n(Number)
    WHERE Number <= CONVERT(INT, LEN(@List))
        AND SUBSTRING(@Delimiter + @List, Number, 1) = @Delimiter
    ) AS y);
GO

Now you can extrapolate simply by:

现在你可以简单地推断：

SELECT s.[message-id], f.Item
  FROM dbo.SourceData AS s
  CROSS APPLY dbo.SplitStrings(s.[recipient-address], ';') as f;

Also I suggest not putting dashes in column names. It means you always have to put them in [square brackets].

另外我建议不要在列名中添加破折号。这意味着你总是要把它们放在[方括号]中。

#2

SQL Server 2016 include a new table function string_split(), similar to the previous solution.

SQL Server 2016包含一个新的表函数string_split（），类似于以前的解决方案。

The only requirement is Set compatibility level to 130 (SQL Server 2016)

唯一的要求是将兼容级别设置为130（SQL Server 2016）

#3

You may use CROSS APPLY (available in SQL Server 2005 and above) and STRING_SPLIT function (available in SQL Server 2016 and above):

您可以使用CROSS APPLY（在SQL Server 2005及更高版本中可用）和STRING_SPLIT函数（在SQL Server 2016及更高版本中可用）：

DECLARE @delimiter nvarchar(255) = ';';

-- create tables
CREATE TABLE MessageRecipients (MessageId int, Recipients nvarchar(max));
CREATE TABLE MessageRecipient (MessageId int, Recipient nvarchar(max));

-- insert data
INSERT INTO MessageRecipients VALUES (1, '[e-mail]; [e-mail]; [e-mail]');
INSERT INTO MessageRecipients VALUES (2, '[e-mail]; [e-mail]');

-- insert into MessageRecipient
INSERT INTO MessageRecipient
SELECT MessageId, ltrim(rtrim(value))
FROM MessageRecipients 
CROSS APPLY STRING_SPLIT(Recipients, @delimiter)

-- output results
SELECT * FROM MessageRecipients;
SELECT * FROM MessageRecipient;

-- delete tables
DROP TABLE MessageRecipients;
DROP TABLE MessageRecipient;

Results:

结果：

MessageId   Recipients
----------- ----------------------------------------------------
1           [e-mail]; [e-mail]; [e-mail]
2           [e-mail]; [e-mail]

and

和

MessageId   Recipient
----------- ----------------
1           [e-mail]
1           [e-mail]
1           [e-mail]
2           [e-mail]
2           [e-mail]