前言:
最近正在学习Hibernate通过注解(annotation)来管理映射关系,以前都是通过XML映射文件。下面拿个小例子说一下。
数据库物理模型:
数据库的描述:
一篇博客随笔可以分到不同的类中,一个类中又可以包含许多不同的博客随笔。就如同博客园的设计。也就是上图中 博客-组 和 博客-消息是多对多的映射。
Hibernate关联映射方式:
双向N-N关联, 两端都要使用Set集合属性,两端都增加对集合属性的访问。双向N-N关联没有太多的选择,只能采用连接表来建立两个实体之间的关联关系。
生成sql语句:
drop table if exists blogGroup; drop table if exists blogMessage; drop table if exists groupMessage; create table blogGroup
(
groupId int not null auto_increment,
groupName varchar(50),
primary key (groupId)
); create table blogMessage
(
msgId int not null auto_increment,
msgContent varchar(1000),
primary key (msgId)
); create table groupMessage
(
groupId int not null,
msgId int not null,
primary key (groupId, msgId)
); alter table groupMessage add constraint FK_Relationship_1 foreign key (groupId)
references blogGroup (groupId) on delete restrict on update restrict; alter table groupMessage add constraint FK_Relationship_2 foreign key (msgId)
references blogMessage (msgId) on delete restrict on update restrict;
PO(persisent object)类:
PO = POJO(plain ordinary java object) + 注解
PO : BlogGroup
package com.blog.entriy; @Entity
@Table(name="blogGroup")
public class BlogGroup implements Serializable{
@Id
@Column(name="groupId")
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private int groupId;
@Column(name="groupName")
private String groupName; //fetch=FetchType.EAGER 抓取实体时,立即抓取关联实体,我用的get()方式加载一个对象
//ascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE, 分别是更新和保存时级联
@ManyToMany(targetEntity=BlogMessage.class, cascade={CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE}, fetch=FetchType.EAGER)
@JoinTable(name="groupMessage",
joinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="groupId", referencedColumnName="groupId"),
inverseJoinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="msgId", referencedColumnName="msgId")
)
private Set<BlogMessage> message = new HashSet<BlogMessage>(); public int getGroupId() {
return groupId;
}
public void setGroupId(int groupId) {
this.groupId = groupId;
}
public String getGroupName() {
return groupName;
}
public void setGroupName(String groupName) {
this.groupName = groupName;
}
public Set<BlogMessage> getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(Set<BlogMessage> message) {
this.message = message;
}
}
PO : BlogMessage
package com.blog.entriy; @Entity
@Table(name="blogMessage")
public class BlogMessage implements Serializable{
@Id
@Column(name="msgId")
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private int msgId;
@Column(name="msgContent")
private String msgContent; @ManyToMany(targetEntity=BlogGroup.class)
@JoinTable(name="groupMessage",
joinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="msgId", referencedColumnName="msgId"),
inverseJoinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="groupId", referencedColumnName="groupId")
)
private Set<BlogGroup> group = new HashSet<BlogGroup>(); public int getMsgId() {
return msgId;
} public void setMsgId(int msgId) {
this.msgId = msgId;
}
public String getMsgContent() {
return msgContent;
}
public void setMsgContent(String msgContent) {
this.msgContent = msgContent;
}
public Set<BlogGroup> getGroup() {
return group;
}
public void setGroup(Set<BlogGroup> group) {
this.group = group;
}
}
Hibernate中数据的三种状态
补充一下:Dao层的操作,需要掌握Hibernate中数据的三种状态
1, 临时状态(Transient):用new创建的对象,它没有持久化,没有处于Session中,处于此状态的对象叫临时对象;
2, 持久化状态(Persistent):已经持久化,加入到了Session缓存中。如通过hibernate语句保存的对象。处于此状态的对象叫持久对象;
3, 游离状态(Detached):持久化对象脱离了Session的对象。如Session缓存被清空的对象。
盗图两张
1.对于刚创建的一个对象,如果session中和数据库中都不存在该对象,那么该对象就是瞬时对象(Transient)。
2.瞬时对象调用save方法,或者离线对象调用update方法可以使该对象变成持久化对象,如果对象是持久化对象时,那么对该对象的任何修改,都会在提交事务时才会与之进行比较,如果不同,则发送一条update语句,否则就不会发送语句。
3.离线对象就是,数据库存在该对象,但是该对象又没有被session所托管。
DAO层:
分别测试了不同方式的插入操作, 以及更新和删除。具体看函数的实现。
package com.blog.dao; public class BlogDao {
private SessionFactory sessionFactory; public Session getSession() {
return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
} public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
return sessionFactory;
} public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
} public BlogGroup get_test(int id){
BlogGroup blogGroup = null;
Session session = null;
Transaction tran = null;
try{
session = this.getSession();
tran = session.beginTransaction();
blogGroup = (BlogGroup)session.get(BlogGroup.class, id);
tran.commit();
} catch(Exception e){
System.out.println(e.toString());
tran.rollback();
}
return blogGroup;
}
//只插入一端博客-组(BlogGroup)
public void insert_test1(){
Session session = null;
Transaction tran = null;
try{
session = this.getSession();
tran = session.beginTransaction();
BlogGroup blogGroup = new BlogGroup();
blogGroup.setGroupName("html");
session.save(blogGroup);
tran.commit();
} catch(Exception e){
System.out.println(e.toString());
tran.rollback();
}
}
//同时插入两端(博客-组 和 博客-消息),没有用cascade级联操作,所以BlogGroup和BlogMessage两端都要先持久化
public void insert_test2(){
Session session = null;
Transaction tran = null;
try{
session = this.getSession();
tran = session.beginTransaction();
BlogGroup blogGroup = new BlogGroup();
blogGroup.setGroupName("c++");
BlogMessage blogMessage = new BlogMessage();
blogMessage.setMsgContent("c++ primer");
session.save(blogMessage);
Set<BlogMessage> message = new HashSet<BlogMessage>();
message.add(blogMessage);
blogGroup.setMessage(message);
session.save(blogGroup);
tran.commit();
} catch(Exception e){
System.out.println(e.toString());
tran.rollback();
}
}
//同时插入两端,对BlogGroup设置persist级联操作 @ManyToMany(cascade={CascadeType.PERSIST})
public void insert_test3(){
Session session = null;
Transaction tran = null;
try{
session = this.getSession();
tran = session.beginTransaction();
BlogGroup blogGroup = new BlogGroup();
blogGroup.setGroupName("javaee");
BlogMessage blogMessage = new BlogMessage();
blogMessage.setMsgContent("Spring+hibernate+struct");
blogGroup.getMessage().add(blogMessage);
session.persist(blogGroup);
tran.commit();
} catch(Exception e){
System.out.println(e.toString());
tran.rollback();
}
}
//向博客-组(BlogGroup)添加新的 博客-消息(BlogMessage),对BlogGroup再添加一个更新的级联操作,CascadeType.MERGE
public void update_test(){
BlogGroup blogGroup = get_test(1);//得到blogGroup主键为1的group
Session session = null;
Transaction tran = null;
try{
session = this.getSession();
tran = session.beginTransaction();
BlogMessage blogMessage = new BlogMessage();
blogMessage.setMsgContent("css 学习笔记");
blogGroup.getMessage().add(blogMessage);
session.merge(blogGroup);
tran.commit();
} catch(Exception e){
System.out.println(e.toString());
tran.rollback();
}
}
//删除某一个博客-组(BlogGroup),因为不能删除我们写的博客消息,所以不能有删除的级联操作
//注意:我们有三个表,分别是“博客-组”, “博客-消息”,“组-消息”,当从“博客-组”中删除一条记录X时,表“博客-消息”中和X相关的数据不会删除,
//因为我们没有设置级联关系,但是表“组-消息”中和X相关的数据会删除干净,表“组-消息”是中间关联表,一方被移除之后,该表相关数据自然被移除。
public void delete_test(){
BlogGroup blogGroup = get_test(1);//得到blogGroup主键为1的group
Session session = null;
Transaction tran = null;
try{
session = this.getSession();
tran = session.beginTransaction();
session.delete(blogGroup);
tran.commit();
} catch(Exception e){
System.out.println(e.toString());
tran.rollback();
}
}
}
罗列所有持久化类的类名:
hibernate.cfg.xml中配置:
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
...
<mapping class="com.blog.entriy.BlogGroup"/>
<mapping class="com.blog.entriy.BlogMessage"/>
...
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
如果整合了Spring:application.cfg.xml中的配置<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<!--Spring中: 包扫描的方式加载注解类 -->
<property name="annotatedClasses">
<list>
<value>com.blog.entriy.BlogGroup</value>
<value>com.blog.entriy.BlogMessage</value>
</list>
</property> <!-- 通过配置文件的方式获取数据源,只是通过XML管理映射方式的。
<property name="mappingResources">
<list>
以下用来列出所有的PO映射文件
<value>publishparty.cfg.xml</value>
</list>
</property> -->
.....
</bean>