前面两部分分别讲解了如何在.net程序中使用SSL实现安全通信以及SSL的通信过程,并通过抓包工具具体分析了ssl的握手过程,本文通过一个demo来模拟ssl协议,在TCP之上实现自己的安全通信。
创建证书
为了实现安全的通信,必须使用证书对传输的数据进行加密,有两种方法可以得到证书,一是安装CA服务器,使用CA来发放证书,二是通过makecert.exe工具自己创建。
创建服务器证书:
cmd>makecert.exe -r -pe -n "CN=MySslServer" -sky Exchange -ss
My
创建客户端证书
cmd>makecert.exe -r -pe -n "CN=MySslClient" -sky Exchange -ss
My
关于makecert.exe的更多信息可以操作这里。
建立TCP连接
使用普通的Socket类来建立TCP连接即可。后续的握手,传输数据都是在TCP之上的,在这里,定义每条信息的第一个字节是类型,0x01是整数,0x02是session
key,0x03是应用层数据,0x04是错误信息,未使用。
我们知道TCP通信是stream的,消息没有边界,有可能发送方发送的数据,在接收方两次才能接收完,或者发送方连续发送两次数据,接收方一次就全部接受,这就要求应用层自己对消息的边界进行区分,常用的有3种方法,一是固定长度,所有消息长度一样,不够就填充,显然不够实用而且浪费带宽;二是定义消息边界,每条消息以固定字节流结尾如,如果传输的数据刚好含有这样的字节流,就必须进行转义;三是消息的起始处使用固定字节来描述本消息的长度。本文为方便起见,没有进行消息边界处理,每两次发送有个间隔。
交换证书
在TCP连接建立之后,开始进行握手过程,主要是交换证书,交换session key。
server与client各自将自己的证书发送给对方,证书被export成.cer格式,只含有public
key。证书的作用一是交换session key,二是发送数据时签名。
byte[]
certBytes
=
so.localCert.Export(X509ContentType.Cert);
2
byte[]
sentBytes
=
AddType(certBytes, type);
3
so.workSocket.Send(sentBytes,
0,
sentBytes.Length, SocketFlags.None);
4
Console.WriteLine("Send>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>");
5
PrintCert(so.localCert);
6
。。。。。。
7
byte[]
data
=
RemoveType(so.buffer, read);
8
so.remoteCert
=
new
X509Certificate2(data);
9
Console.WriteLine("Recv<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<");
10
PrintCert(so.remoteCert);
交换session
key
本demo使用DES对称算法来加密,必须在发送应用层数据之前交换算法的key,使用双方约定固定的IV。
其中一方生成随机的key,用对方的证书加密,调用RSA的Encrypt方法,会使用Public
key,将加密后的数据发送给对方,由于只有对方才有证书的private
key,所以也只有对方才能解密出key,第三方即使中途截获了数据也不能破解出key。
生成session
key
RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa
=
(RSACryptoServiceProvider)so.remoteCert.PublicKey.Key;
2
byte[]
encrypedSessionKey
=
rsa.Encrypt(so.localSessionKey,
false);
3
byte[]
sentBytes
=
AddType(encrypedSessionKey, type);
4
so.workSocket.Send(sentBytes,
0,
sentBytes.Length, SocketFlags.None);
5
Console.WriteLine("Send>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>");
6
PrintSessionKey(so.localSessionKey);
key
byte[]
data
=
RemoveType(so.buffer, read);
2
RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa
=
(RSACryptoServiceProvider)so.localCert.PrivateKey;
3
so.remoteSessionKey
=
rsa.Decrypt(data,
false);
4
Console.WriteLine("Recv<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<");
5
PrintSessionKey(so.remoteSessionKey);
发送加密和签名数据
发送数据使用DES算法加密,防止被第三方截获;同时对发送的数据签名,让对方确认数据没有被篡改并且确认数据是自己发送的。
数据格式:
0x03 |
密文长度 |
密文 |
签名长度 |
签名 |
密文使用DES算法机密得到。
key,接收方收到数据后,用DES解密出原文,对原文计算hash,然后对收到的签名使用对方的证书的public
key还原,比较与hash是否一致。
—— TCP&SSL通信实例及协议分析(下)" title="【转】证书的应用之一 —— TCP&SSL通信实例及协议分析(下)">加密数据并签名
MemoryStream memoryStream
=
new
MemoryStream();
2
3
//
encrypt
4
DESCryptoServiceProvider des
=
new
DESCryptoServiceProvider();
5
ICryptoTransform cTransform
=
des.CreateEncryptor(so.remoteSessionKey,
new
byte[8]);
6
MemoryStream ms
=
new
MemoryStream();
7
CryptoStream encStream
=
new
CryptoStream(ms, cTransform, CryptoStreamMode.Write);
8
encStream.Write(so.sentData,
0,
so.sentData.Length);
9
encStream.FlushFinalBlock();
10
11
byte[]
temp
=
ms.ToArray();
12
memoryStream.Write(BitConverter.GetBytes(temp.Length),
0,
4);
13
memoryStream.Write(temp,
0,
temp.Length);
14
15
//
hash
16
MD5CryptoServiceProvider md5
=
new
MD5CryptoServiceProvider();
17
byte[]
hash
=
md5.ComputeHash(so.sentData);
18
19
//
sign
20
RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa
=
(RSACryptoServiceProvider) so.localCert.PrivateKey;
21
byte[]
sign
=
rsa.SignHash(hash, CryptoConfig.MapNameToOID("MD5"));
22
23
memoryStream.Write(BitConverter.GetBytes(sign.Length),
0,
4);
24
memoryStream.Write(sign,
0,
sign.Length);
25
26
byte[]
sentBytes
=
AddType(memoryStream.ToArray(), type);
27
so.workSocket.Send(sentBytes,
0,
sentBytes.Length, SocketFlags.None);
28
Console.WriteLine("Send>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>");
29
PrintData(so.sentData);
—— TCP&SSL通信实例及协议分析(下)" title="【转】证书的应用之一 —— TCP&SSL通信实例及协议分析(下)">解密数据并验证
byte[]
data
=
RemoveType(so.buffer, read);
2
3
//
Decrypt
4
DESCryptoServiceProvider des
=
new
DESCryptoServiceProvider();
5
ICryptoTransform cTransform
=
des.CreateDecryptor(so.localSessionKey,
new
byte[8]);
6
int
len
=
BitConverter.ToInt32(data,
0);
7
byte[]
cipherText
=
new
byte[len];
8
Array.Copy(data,
4,
cipherText,
0,
len);
9
MemoryStream ms2
=
new
MemoryStream(cipherText);
10
CryptoStream decStream
=
new
CryptoStream(ms2, cTransform, CryptoStreamMode.Read);
11
12
Byte[] tempBuffer
=
new
Byte[1024];
13
Byte[] outputBytes
=
new
byte[0];
14
int
nRead
=
decStream.Read(tempBuffer,
0,
tempBuffer.Length);
15
int
nLength
=
0;
16
while
(0
!=
nRead)
17
{
18
nLength
=
outputBytes.Length;
19
Array.Resize(ref
outputBytes, nLength
+
nRead);
20
Array.Copy(tempBuffer,
0,
outputBytes, nLength, nRead);
21
nRead
=
decStream.Read(tempBuffer,
0,
tempBuffer.Length);
22
}
23
so.recvData
=
outputBytes;
24
Console.WriteLine("Recv<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<");
25
PrintData(so.recvData);
26
27
//
hash
28
MD5CryptoServiceProvider md5
=
new
MD5CryptoServiceProvider();
29
byte[]
hash
=
md5.ComputeHash(so.recvData);
30
31
//
verify
32
int
signlen
=
BitConverter.ToInt32(data, len
+
4);
33
byte[]
sign
=
new
byte[signlen];
34
Array.Copy(data,
4+len+4,sign,
0,
signlen);
35
RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa
=
(RSACryptoServiceProvider)so.remoteCert.PublicKey.Key;
36
try
37
{
38
bool
verify
=
rsa.VerifyHash(hash, CryptoConfig.MapNameToOID("MD5"),
sign);
39
if
(verify)
40
{
41
Console.WriteLine("verify
correct!");
42
}
43
else
44
{
45
Console.WriteLine("verify
error!");
46
}
47
}
48
catch
49
{
50
Console.WriteLine("verify
error!");
51
return
PackageType.Error;
52
}
C:\D\BACKUP\Projects\TestProject\MySSLServer\bin\Debug>MySSLServer.exe
2
Recv<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
3
============================================
4
cert
5
============================================
6
Subject: CN=MySslClient
7
Issuer: CN=MySslClient
8
Version:
3
9
Valid Date:
7/7/2010
11:25:28
AM
10
Expiry Date:
1/1/2040
7:59:59
AM
11
Thumbprint: D9AE7CF97A254FCA05EB7B704DDC90878FC56B0C
12
Serial Number: 2500552056343D874C0B714A71CB047B
13
Friendly Name: RSA
14
Public Key Format:
30
81
89
02
81
81
00
9f 6f
17
84
0f
03
a0 8c b7
86
45
49
ba 0c c5 ab
37
c9
30
24
32
b5 dc
90
31
e4 d6
15
ea
83
45
1f c8 2d dd 2f
81
3e da
09
44
7f 2a cf bb
18
9a
92
28
d3
79
f0
33
b8
04
f2 1a 1d f8 e0 b6 f9 cc da
36
16
2b e3
16
8b 8d
82
5f 9c
88
6a
79
54
53
4f
08
10
dc b9
53
f1 c8 d4 bd 3d c4
94
71
1d db a2
76
65
8c
37
a3 cd
88
0d a0
72
0e
93
3a
17
64
62
dc
90
cf
19
3f f7
58
59
d6 bd 4e 3f a4
15
30
5b
36
75
2f
02
03
01
00
01
18
Send>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
19
============================================
20
cert
21
============================================
22
Subject: CN=MySslServer
23
Issuer: CN=MySslServer
24
Version:
3
25
Valid Date:
7/7/2010
11:25:32
AM
26
Expiry Date:
1/1/2040
7:59:59
AM
27
Thumbprint: 5B1CEC828E92A64950284E557477FDD7E2C05300
28
Serial Number: 907E95210C949144FD68342B32FD07
29
Friendly Name: RSA
30
Public Key Format:
30
81
89
02
81
81
00
a4
97
38
0d dd c7 fa 6b b3 e6
23
17
df cd bf
06
c7
40
e1 5e 9a
04
81
02
62
00
b5
31
52
82
c9 6d b0 fc
16
ce e8
72
be ae
31
80
85
44
75
6c 1d 6a 2c
33
55
ee
04
6a fd f8 f4 ff 3a e0
22
28
a7 4f f8 c4 ba
96
32
c7 e6 f0
27
aa
43
09
11
ce eb cb 5e fe
63
84
ef e0
74
11
99
91
5d a0
39
5b
54
e6
74
8d db c8 ce d2 bd
08
53
63
19
3d d6
33
4c
37
99
b1
28
6a
07
2b 0c
70
49
fa df 9e ed 8b 2d e0 ed bf
03
02
03
01
00
01
34
Send>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
35
============================================
36
session key
37
============================================
38
Session Key:
44
97
AC
07
5E
41
27
0B[8]
39
Recv<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
40
============================================
41
session key
42
============================================
43
Session Key: BD
28
62
18
04
90
C9
57[8]
44
Recv<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
45
============================================
46
data
47
============================================
48
It's
just a text.
49
verify
correct!
50
Send>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
51
============================================
52
data
53
============================================
54
Response to client.
C:\D\BACKUP\Projects\TestProject\MySSLClient\bin\Debug>MySSLClient.exe
10.175.13.77
2
Send>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
3
============================================
4
cert
5
============================================
6
Subject: CN=MySslClient
7
Issuer: CN=MySslClient
8
Version:
3
9
Valid Date:
7/7/2010
11:25:28
AM
10
Expiry Date:
1/1/2040
7:59:59
AM
11
Thumbprint: D9AE7CF97A254FCA05EB7B704DDC90878FC56B0C
12
Serial Number: 2500552056343D874C0B714A71CB047B
13
Friendly Name: RSA
14
Public Key Format:
30
81
89
02
81
81
00
9f 6f
17
84
0f
03
a0 8c b7
86
45
49
ba 0c c5 ab
37
c9
30
24
32
b5 dc
90
31
e4 d6
15
ea
83
45
1f c8 2d dd 2f
81
3e da
09
44
7f 2a cf bb
18
9a
92
28
d3
79
f0
33
b8
04
f2 1a 1d f8 e0 b6 f9 cc da
36
16
2b e3
16
8b 8d
82
5f 9c
88
6a
79
54
53
4f
08
10
dc b9
53
f1 c8 d4 bd 3d c4
94
71
1d db a2
76
65
8c
37
a3 cd
88
0d a0
72
0e
93
3a
17
64
62
dc
90
cf
19
3f f7
58
59
d6 bd 4e 3f a4
15
30
5b
36
75
2f
02
03
01
00
01
18
Recv<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
19
============================================
20
cert
21
============================================
22
Subject: CN=MySslServer
23
Issuer: CN=MySslServer
24
Version:
3
25
Valid Date:
7/7/2010
11:25:32
AM
26
Expiry Date:
1/1/2040
7:59:59
AM
27
Thumbprint: 5B1CEC828E92A64950284E557477FDD7E2C05300
28
Serial Number: 907E95210C949144FD68342B32FD07
29
Friendly Name: RSA
30
Public Key Format:
30
81
89
02
81
81
00
a4
97
38
0d dd c7 fa 6b b3 e6
23
17
df cd bf
06
c7
40
e1 5e 9a
04
81
02
62
00
b5
31
52
82
c9 6d b0 fc
16
ce e8
72
be ae
31
80
85
44
75
6c 1d 6a 2c
33
55
ee
04
6a fd f8 f4 ff 3a e0
22
28
a7 4f f8 c4 ba
96
32
c7 e6 f0
27
aa
43
09
11
ce eb cb 5e fe
63
84
ef e0
74
11
99
91
5d a0
39
5b
54
e6
74
8d db c8 ce d2 bd
08
53
63
19
3d d6
33
4c
37
99
b1
28
6a
07
2b 0c
70
49
fa df 9e ed 8b 2d e0 ed bf
03
02
03
01
00
01
34
Send>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
35
============================================
36
session key
37
============================================
38
Session Key: BD
28
62
18
04
90
C9
57[8]
39
Recv<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
40
============================================
41
session key
42
============================================
43
Session Key:
44
97
AC
07
5E
41
27
0B[8]
44
Send>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
45
============================================
46
data
47
============================================
48
It's
just a text.
49
Recv<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
50
============================================
51
data
52
============================================
53
Response to client.
54
verify correct!