1.线程间通信-示例
线程间通讯:
其实就是多个线程在操作同一个资源,
其实就是多个线程在操作同一个资源,
但是操作的动作不同。
class Res
{
String name;
String sex;
boolean flag = false;
}
class Input implements Runnable
{
private Res r ;
Input(Res r)
{
this.r = r;
}
public void run()
{
int x = 0;
while( true)
{
synchronized(r)
{
if(r.flag)
try{r.wait();} catch(Exception e){}
if(x==0)
{
r.name="mike";
r.sex="man";
}
else
{
r.name="丽丽";
r.sex = "女女女女女";
}
x = (x+1)%2;
r.flag = true;
r.notify();
}
}
}
}
class Output implements Runnable
{
private Res r ;
Output(Res r)
{
this.r = r;
}
public void run()
{
while( true)
{
synchronized(r)
{
if(!r.flag)
try{r.wait();} catch(Exception e){}
System.out.println(r.name+"...."+r.sex);
r.flag = false;
r.notify();
}
}
}
}
class InputOutputDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Res r = new Res();
Input in = new Input(r);
Output out = new Output(r);
Thread t1 = new Thread(in);
Thread t2 = new Thread(out);
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
{
String name;
String sex;
boolean flag = false;
}
class Input implements Runnable
{
private Res r ;
Input(Res r)
{
this.r = r;
}
public void run()
{
int x = 0;
while( true)
{
synchronized(r)
{
if(r.flag)
try{r.wait();} catch(Exception e){}
if(x==0)
{
r.name="mike";
r.sex="man";
}
else
{
r.name="丽丽";
r.sex = "女女女女女";
}
x = (x+1)%2;
r.flag = true;
r.notify();
}
}
}
}
class Output implements Runnable
{
private Res r ;
Output(Res r)
{
this.r = r;
}
public void run()
{
while( true)
{
synchronized(r)
{
if(!r.flag)
try{r.wait();} catch(Exception e){}
System.out.println(r.name+"...."+r.sex);
r.flag = false;
r.notify();
}
}
}
}
class InputOutputDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Res r = new Res();
Input in = new Input(r);
Output out = new Output(r);
Thread t1 = new Thread(in);
Thread t2 = new Thread(out);
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
2.线程间通信-等待唤醒机制
class Res
{
private String name;
private String sex;
private boolean flag = false;
public synchronized void set(String name,String sex)
{
if(flag)
try{ this.wait();} catch(Exception e){}
this.name = name;
this.sex = sex;
flag = true;
this.notify();
}
public synchronized void out()
{
if(!flag)
try{ this.wait();} catch(Exception e){}
System.out.println(name+"........"+sex);
flag = false;
this.notify();
}
}
class Input implements Runnable
{
private Res r ;
Input(Res r)
{
this.r = r;
}
public void run()
{
int x = 0;
while( true)
{
if(x==0)
r.set("mike","man");
else
r.set("丽丽","女女女女女");
x = (x+1)%2;
}
}
}
class Output implements Runnable
{
private Res r ;
Output(Res r)
{
this.r = r;
}
public void run()
{
while( true)
{
r.out();
}
}
}
class InputOutputDemo2
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Res r = new Res();
new Thread( new Input(r)).start();
new Thread( new Output(r)).start();
/*
Input in = new Input(r);
Output out = new Output(r);
Thread t1 = new Thread(in);
Thread t2 = new Thread(out);
t1.start();
t2.start();
*/
}
}
{
private String name;
private String sex;
private boolean flag = false;
public synchronized void set(String name,String sex)
{
if(flag)
try{ this.wait();} catch(Exception e){}
this.name = name;
this.sex = sex;
flag = true;
this.notify();
}
public synchronized void out()
{
if(!flag)
try{ this.wait();} catch(Exception e){}
System.out.println(name+"........"+sex);
flag = false;
this.notify();
}
}
class Input implements Runnable
{
private Res r ;
Input(Res r)
{
this.r = r;
}
public void run()
{
int x = 0;
while( true)
{
if(x==0)
r.set("mike","man");
else
r.set("丽丽","女女女女女");
x = (x+1)%2;
}
}
}
class Output implements Runnable
{
private Res r ;
Output(Res r)
{
this.r = r;
}
public void run()
{
while( true)
{
r.out();
}
}
}
class InputOutputDemo2
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Res r = new Res();
new Thread( new Input(r)).start();
new Thread( new Output(r)).start();
/*
Input in = new Input(r);
Output out = new Output(r);
Thread t1 = new Thread(in);
Thread t2 = new Thread(out);
t1.start();
t2.start();
*/
}
}
wait();
notify();
notifyAll();
notifyAll();
这些方法都使用在同步中,因为要对持有监视器(锁)的线程操作。
所以要使用在同步中,因为只有同步才具有锁。
为什么这些操作线程的方法要定义Object类中呢?
因为这些方法在操作同步中线程时,都必须要标识它们所操作线程只有的锁,
只有同一个锁上的被等待线程,可以被同一个锁上notify唤醒。
不可以对不同锁中的线程进行唤醒。
只有同一个锁上的被等待线程,可以被同一个锁上notify唤醒。
不可以对不同锁中的线程进行唤醒。
也就是说,等待和唤醒必须是同一个锁。
而锁可以是任意对象,所以可以被任意对象调用的方法定义Object类中。
3.线程间通信-生产者消费者
class ProducerConsumerDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Resource r = new Resource();
Producer pro = new Producer(r);
Consumer con = new Consumer(r);
Thread t1 = new Thread(pro);
Thread t2 = new Thread(pro);
Thread t3 = new Thread(con);
Thread t4 = new Thread(con);
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
t4.start();
}
}
class Resource
{
private String name;
private int count = 1;
private boolean flag = false;
// t1 t2
public synchronized void set(String name)
{
while(flag)
try{ this.wait();} catch(Exception e){} // t1(放弃资格) t2(获取资格)
this.name = name+"--"+count++;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...生产者.."+ this.name);
flag = true;
this.notifyAll();
}
// t3 t4
public synchronized void out()
{
while(!flag)
try{wait();} catch(Exception e){} // t3(放弃资格) t4(放弃资格)
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...消费者........."+ this.name);
flag = false;
this.notifyAll();
}
}
class Producer implements Runnable
{
private Resource res;
Producer(Resource res)
{
this.res = res;
}
public void run()
{
while( true)
{
res.set("+商品+");
}
}
}
class Consumer implements Runnable
{
private Resource res;
Consumer(Resource res)
{
this.res = res;
}
public void run()
{
while( true)
{
res.out();
}
}
}
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Resource r = new Resource();
Producer pro = new Producer(r);
Consumer con = new Consumer(r);
Thread t1 = new Thread(pro);
Thread t2 = new Thread(pro);
Thread t3 = new Thread(con);
Thread t4 = new Thread(con);
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
t4.start();
}
}
class Resource
{
private String name;
private int count = 1;
private boolean flag = false;
// t1 t2
public synchronized void set(String name)
{
while(flag)
try{ this.wait();} catch(Exception e){} // t1(放弃资格) t2(获取资格)
this.name = name+"--"+count++;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...生产者.."+ this.name);
flag = true;
this.notifyAll();
}
// t3 t4
public synchronized void out()
{
while(!flag)
try{wait();} catch(Exception e){} // t3(放弃资格) t4(放弃资格)
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...消费者........."+ this.name);
flag = false;
this.notifyAll();
}
}
class Producer implements Runnable
{
private Resource res;
Producer(Resource res)
{
this.res = res;
}
public void run()
{
while( true)
{
res.set("+商品+");
}
}
}
class Consumer implements Runnable
{
private Resource res;
Consumer(Resource res)
{
this.res = res;
}
public void run()
{
while( true)
{
res.out();
}
}
}
对于多个生产者和消费者。
为什么要定义while判断标记?
原因:让被唤醒的线程再一次判断标记。
为什么定义notifyAll?
因为需要唤醒对方线程。
因为只用notify,容易出现只唤醒本方线程的情况。导致程序中的所有线程都等待。
4.线程间通信-生产者消费者JDK5.0升级版
JDK1.5 中提供了多线程升级解决方案。
import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;
将同步Synchronized替换成现实Lock操作。
将Object中的wait,notify notifyAll,替换了Condition对象。
该对象可以Lock锁 进行获取。
该示例中,实现了本方只唤醒对方操作。
Lock:替代了Synchronized
lock
unlock
newCondition()
Condition:替代了Object wait notify notifyAll
await();
signal();
将Object中的wait,notify notifyAll,替换了Condition对象。
该对象可以Lock锁 进行获取。
该示例中,实现了本方只唤醒对方操作。
Lock:替代了Synchronized
lock
unlock
newCondition()
Condition:替代了Object wait notify notifyAll
await();
signal();
signalAll();
import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;
class ProducerConsumerDemo2
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Resource r = new Resource();
Producer pro = new Producer(r);
Consumer con = new Consumer(r);
Thread t1 = new Thread(pro);
Thread t2 = new Thread(pro);
Thread t3 = new Thread(con);
Thread t4 = new Thread(con);
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
t4.start();
}
}
class Resource
{
private String name;
private int count = 1;
private boolean flag = false;
// t1 t2
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition condition_pro = lock.newCondition();
private Condition condition_con = lock.newCondition();
public void set(String name) throws InterruptedException
{
lock.lock();
try
{
while(flag)
condition_pro.await(); // t1,t2
this.name = name+"--"+count++;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...生产者.."+ this.name);
flag = true;
condition_con.signal();
}
finally
{
lock.unlock(); // 释放锁的动作一定要执行。
}
}
// t3 t4
public void out() throws InterruptedException
{
lock.lock();
try
{
while(!flag)
condition_con.await();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...消费者........."+ this.name);
flag = false;
condition_pro.signal();
}
finally
{
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
class Producer implements Runnable
{
private Resource res;
Producer(Resource res)
{
this.res = res;
}
public void run()
{
while( true)
{
try
{
res.set("+商品+");
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
}
}
}
}
class Consumer implements Runnable
{
private Resource res;
Consumer(Resource res)
{
this.res = res;
}
public void run()
{
while( true)
{
try
{
res.out();
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
}
}
}
}
class ProducerConsumerDemo2
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Resource r = new Resource();
Producer pro = new Producer(r);
Consumer con = new Consumer(r);
Thread t1 = new Thread(pro);
Thread t2 = new Thread(pro);
Thread t3 = new Thread(con);
Thread t4 = new Thread(con);
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
t4.start();
}
}
class Resource
{
private String name;
private int count = 1;
private boolean flag = false;
// t1 t2
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition condition_pro = lock.newCondition();
private Condition condition_con = lock.newCondition();
public void set(String name) throws InterruptedException
{
lock.lock();
try
{
while(flag)
condition_pro.await(); // t1,t2
this.name = name+"--"+count++;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...生产者.."+ this.name);
flag = true;
condition_con.signal();
}
finally
{
lock.unlock(); // 释放锁的动作一定要执行。
}
}
// t3 t4
public void out() throws InterruptedException
{
lock.lock();
try
{
while(!flag)
condition_con.await();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...消费者........."+ this.name);
flag = false;
condition_pro.signal();
}
finally
{
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
class Producer implements Runnable
{
private Resource res;
Producer(Resource res)
{
this.res = res;
}
public void run()
{
while( true)
{
try
{
res.set("+商品+");
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
}
}
}
}
class Consumer implements Runnable
{
private Resource res;
Consumer(Resource res)
{
this.res = res;
}
public void run()
{
while( true)
{
try
{
res.out();
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
}
}
}
}
5.停止线程和守护线程
stop方法已经过时。
如何停止线程?
只有一种,run方法结束。
开启多线程运行,运行代码通常是循环结构。
只要控制住循环,就可以让run方法结束,也就是线程结束。
只有一种,run方法结束。
开启多线程运行,运行代码通常是循环结构。
只要控制住循环,就可以让run方法结束,也就是线程结束。
特殊情况:
当线程处于了冻结状态。
就不会读取到标记。那么线程就不会结束。
当没有指定的方式让冻结的线程恢复到运行状态是,这时需要对冻结进行清除。
强制让线程恢复到运行状态中来。这样就可以操作标记让线程结束。
Thread类提供该方法 interrupt();
当线程处于了冻结状态。
就不会读取到标记。那么线程就不会结束。
当没有指定的方式让冻结的线程恢复到运行状态是,这时需要对冻结进行清除。
强制让线程恢复到运行状态中来。这样就可以操作标记让线程结束。
Thread类提供该方法 interrupt();
setDaemon(true);
将该线程标记为守护线程
当正在运行的线程都是守护线程时,JVM退出。(后台线程)
class StopThread
implements Runnable
{
private boolean flag = true;
public void run()
{
while(flag)
{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"....run");
}
}
public void changeFlag()
{
flag = false;
}
}
class StopThreadDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
StopThread st = new StopThread();
Thread t1 = new Thread(st);
Thread t2 = new Thread(st);
t1.setDaemon( true);
t2.setDaemon( true);
t1.start();
t2.start();
int num = 0;
while( true)
{
if(num++ == 60)
{
// st.changeFlag();
// t1.interrupt();
// t2.interrupt();
break;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"......."+num);
}
System.out.println("over");
}
}
{
private boolean flag = true;
public void run()
{
while(flag)
{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"....run");
}
}
public void changeFlag()
{
flag = false;
}
}
class StopThreadDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
StopThread st = new StopThread();
Thread t1 = new Thread(st);
Thread t2 = new Thread(st);
t1.setDaemon( true);
t2.setDaemon( true);
t1.start();
t2.start();
int num = 0;
while( true)
{
if(num++ == 60)
{
// st.changeFlag();
// t1.interrupt();
// t2.interrupt();
break;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"......."+num);
}
System.out.println("over");
}
}
7.Join方法 优先级&yield方法
join:
当A线程执行到了B线程的.join()方法时,A就会等待。等B线程都执行完,A才会执行。
join可以用来临时加入线程执行。
线程组ThreadGroup(不常用)
优先级
代表抢资源的频率
所有优先级包括主线程的默认优先级是5,一共是1—10.
void setPriority(int newPriority)
MAX_PRIORITY 10
MIN_PRIORITY 1
NORM_PRIORITY 5
yield方法
Thread.yield();//临时释放线程执行权
class Demo
implements Runnable
{
public void run()
{
for( int x=0; x<70; x++)
{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().toString()+"....."+x);
Thread.yield();
}
}
}
class JoinDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
Demo d = new Demo();
Thread t1 = new Thread(d);
Thread t2 = new Thread(d);
t1.start();
// t1.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
t2.start();
// t1.join();
for( int x=0; x<80; x++)
{
// System.out.println("main....."+x);
}
System.out.println("over");
}
}
{
public void run()
{
for( int x=0; x<70; x++)
{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().toString()+"....."+x);
Thread.yield();
}
}
}
class JoinDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
Demo d = new Demo();
Thread t1 = new Thread(d);
Thread t2 = new Thread(d);
t1.start();
// t1.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
t2.start();
// t1.join();
for( int x=0; x<80; x++)
{
// System.out.println("main....."+x);
}
System.out.println("over");
}
}