IF语句主要有以下三种基本形式:
一、 IF-THEN语句
IF CONDITION THEN
STATEMENT 1;
...
STATEMENT N;
END IF;
二、 IF-THEN-ELSE语句
IF CONDITION THEN
STATEMENT 1;
ELSE
STATEMENT 2;
END IF;
三、 ELSLF语句
IF CONDITION 1 THEN
STATEMENT 1;
ELSIF CONDITION 2 THEN
STATEMENT 2;
ELSIF CONDITION 3 THEN
STATEMENT 3;
...
ELSE
STATEMENT N; -->>在ELSIF语句中,ELSE子句并不是必需的
END IF
下面,试举一例:用SYSDATE函数判断今天是否是周末,如果是周末的话,判断现在是上午还是下午。无论是否是周末,最后均显示日期。
注意:IF的嵌套用法和在ELSIF语句中,ELSE子句并不是必需的
DECLARE
v_day varchar2(10);
v_time number(2);
BEGIN
v_day := RTRIM(to_char(sysdate,'DAY'));
v_time := to_char(sysdate,'hh24');
IF v_day in ('SATURDAY','SUNDAY') THEN -->>下面嵌套了一个ELSIF语句
IF v_time >= 6 AND v_time <12 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Good Moring');
ELSIF v_time >=12 AND v_time <=18 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Good Afternoon');
END IF;
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The time is: '||to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'));
END;
CASE语句
CASE语句存在两种形式:CASE和搜索式CASE。
一、 CASE语句
CASE SELECTOR
WHEN EXPRESSION 1 THEN STATEMENT 1;
WHEN EXPRESSION 2 THEN STATEMENT 2;
...
WHEN EXPRESSION N THEN STATEMENT N;
ELSE STATEMENT N+1;
END CASE;
下面,试举一例:用于判断输入数值的奇偶性。
DECLARE
v_num NUMBER := &user_num;
v_num_flag NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_num_flag := MOD(v_num,2);
CASE v_num_flag
WHEN 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_num||' is even number');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_num||' is odd number');
END CASE;
END;
二、 搜索式CASE语句
CASE
WHEN SEARCH CONDITION 1 THEN STATEMENT 1;
WHEN SEARCH CONDITION 2 THEN STATEMENT 2;
...
WHEN SEARCH CONDITION N THEN STATEMENT N;
ELSE STATEMENT N+1;
END CASE;
以下用搜索式CASE语句重写上例 -->> 注意:没有声明v_num_flag变量,直接在WHEN中判断
DECLARE
v_num NUMBER := &user_num;
BEGIN
CASE
WHEN MOD(v_num,2)=0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_num||' is even number');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_num||' is odd number');
END CASE;
END;
CASE表达式
倘若是使用CASE表达式,上述CASE语句和搜索式CASE语句可分别重写如下:
一、 对应CASE语句
DECLARE
v_num NUMBER := &user_num;
v_num_flag number;
v_result varchar2(30);
BEGIN
v_num_flag := MOD(v_num,2);
v_result :=
CASE v_num_flag
WHEN 0 THEN
v_num||' is even number'
ELSE
v_num ||' is odd number'
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_result);
END;
二、 对应搜索式CASE语句
DECLARE
v_num NUMBER := &user_num;
v_result varchar2(30);
BEGIN
v_result :=
CASE
WHEN MOD(v_num,2) = 0 THEN
v_num||' is even number'
ELSE
v_num ||' is odd number'
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_result);
END;
注意:CASE语句和CASE表达式之间的语法区别:在CASE语句中,WHEN和ELSE子句中的可执行语句以分号结尾。而在CASE表达式中,WHEN和ELSE子句所包含的表达式的结尾处不是分号。CASE语句以END CASE终止,CASE表达式以END结尾。
CASE表达式常用于SELECT INTO语句中,试举一例:
DECLARE
v_sal_level varchar2(10);
v_empno number(4) :=&empno;
v_name varchar2(10);
BEGIN
SELECT ename,
CASE
WHEN sal >= 3000 THEN 'high'
WHEN sal >= 1000 THEN 'medium'
ELSE 'low'
END
INTO v_name,v_sal_level
FROM emp
WHERE EMPNO = v_empno;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_name||' salary is '||v_sal_level);
END;