模拟登陆微博相对来说，并不难。验证码是常规的5个随机数字字母的组合，识别起来也比较容易。主要是用到许多Selenium中的知识，如定位标签、输入信息、点击等。如对Selenium的使用并不熟悉，请先移驾《Python爬虫 | Selenium详解》。相信你再来看本篇一定可以看懂。
破解微博登陆的思路：
（1）使用webdriver打开微博网页；
（2）输入用户名和密码，点击登录；
（3）对第二步的结果进行判断
- 情况一：用户名或者密码错误
- 情况二：登录成功
- 情况三：出现验证码图片，需识别
- 情况四：其他错误
（4）本例中增加了登录成功后获得cookies的情况
import requests
from requests import RequestException
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException, TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from chaojiying import Chaojiying # 超级鹰用户名、密码、软件ID、
CHAOJIYING_USERNAME =
CHAOJIYING_PASSWORD =
CHAOJIYING_SOFT_ID =
CHAOJIYING_KIND = 1006 class LoginWeibo(): def __init__(self, username, password):
self.url = 'https://www.weibo.com'
self.browser = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='D:\download\pythonRelated\chromedriver.exe')
self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser, 20)
self.username = username
self.password = password
self.chaojiying = Chaojiying(CHAOJIYING_USERNAME, CHAOJIYING_PASSWORD, CHAOJIYING_SOFT_ID) # def __del__(self):
# self.browser.close() def open(self):
"""
打开网页输入用户名密码
:return: None
"""
self.browser.get(self.url)
username = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'loginname')))
password = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME, 'password')))
username.send_keys(self.username)
password.send_keys(self.password) def get_click_button(self):
'''
找到登录按钮
:return:
'''
'''
<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="W_btn_a btn_32px " action-type="btn_submit" node-type="submitBtn" suda-data="key=tblog_weibologin3&value=click_sign" tabindex="6"><span node-type="submitStates">登录</span></a>
'''
button = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, 'W_btn_a')))
return button def login_successfully(self):
"""
判断登陆是否成功
:return:
"""
'''
登录成功才能看到
<em class="W_ficon ficon_mail S_ficon">I</em>
'''
try:
return bool(
WebDriverWait(self.browser, 5).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.ficon_mail')))
)
except TimeoutException:
return False def get_click_image(self, name='captcha.png'):
"""
获取验证码图片
:param name:
:return: 图片对象
"""
try:
'''
<img width="95" height="34" action-type="btn_change_verifycode" node-type="verifycode_image" src="https://login.sina.com.cn/cgi/pin.php?r=88815771&s=0&p=gz-66c0488ef9191010d88bea8c9f3a09fdf3bf">
'''
element = self.wait.until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//img[@action-type="btn_change_verifycode"]')))
image_url = element.get_attribute('src')
image = get_html(image_url).content
with open(name, 'wb') as f:
f.write(image)
return image
except NoSuchElementException:
print('')
return None def password_error(self):
"""
判断是否密码错误
:return:
"""
try:
element = WebDriverWait(self.browser, 5).until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//div[@class="W_layer W_layer_pop"]/div/p/span[2]')))
print(element.text)
if element.text == '用户名或密码错误。':
return True
except TimeoutException:
return False def get_cookies(self):
"""
获取Cookies
:return:
"""
print(self.browser.get_cookies())
return self.browser.get_cookies() def login(self): # 1. 打开网址 输入用户名和密码
self.open() # 2. 点击登录按钮
button = self.get_click_button()
button.click() if self.password_error():
print('用户名或密码错误')
return {
'status': 2,
'content': '用户名或密码错误'
}
if self.login_successfully():
print('登录成功')
# 获取帐号对应的cookies
cookies = self.get_cookies()
return {
'status': 1,
'content': cookies
}
else: # 有时会需要验证码
# 获取验证码图片
image = self.get_click_image() # 识别验证码
result = self.chaojiying.post_pic(image, CHAOJIYING_KIND)
print(result) # 输入验证码
'''
<input type="text" class="W_input " maxlength="6" autocomplete="off" value="验证码" action-data="text=请输入验证码" action-type="text_copy" name="verifycode" node-type="verifycode" tabindex="3">
'''
verifycode = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME, 'verifycode')))
verifycode.send_keys(result['pic_str']) # 点击登录按钮
button = self.get_click_button()
button.click()
if self.login_successfully():
print('登录成功')
# 获取帐号对应的cookies
cookies = self.get_cookies()
return {
'status': 1,
'content': cookies
}
else:
self.chaojiying.report_error(result['pic_id'])
self.login()
# return {
# 'status': 3,
# 'content': '登录失败'
# } def get_html(url):
try:
# 添加User-Agent，放在headers中，伪装成浏览器
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36'
}
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
if response.status_code == 200:
response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding
return response
return None
except RequestException:
return None if __name__ == '__main__':
result = LoginWeibo('username', 'password').login()
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