ES搜索引擎集群模式搭建【Kibana可视化】

时间:2024-04-20 10:06:27

一.简介

  ElasticSearch是一个基于Lucene的搜索服务器。它提供了一个分布式多用户能力的全文搜索引擎(与Solr类似),基于RESTful web接口。Elasticsearch是用Java开发的,并作为Apache许可条款下的开放源码发布,是当前流行的企业级搜索引擎。设计用于云计算中,能够达到实时搜索,稳定,可靠,快速,安装使用方便。

二.相关概念

  cluster
  代表一个集群,集群中有多个节点,其中有一个为主节点,这个主节点通过选举产生,主从节点是对于集群内部来说的。ES的一个概念就是去中心化,字面上理解就是无中心节点,这是对于集群外部来说的,因为从外部来看ES集群,在逻辑上是个整体,你与任何一个节点的通信和与整个ES集群通信是等价的。
  shards
  代表索引分片,ES可以把一个完整的索引分成多个分片,这样的好处是可以把一个大的索引拆分成多个,分布到不同的节点上。构成分布式搜索。分片的数量只能在索引创建前指定,并且索引创建后不能更改。
  replicas
  代表索引副本,ES可以设置多个索引的副本,副本的作用一是提高系统的容错性,当某个节点某个分片损坏或丢失时可以从副本中恢复。二是提高ES的查询效率,ES会自动对搜索请求进行负载均衡。
  recovery
  代表数据恢复或叫数据重新分布,es在有节点加入或退出时会根据机器的负载对索引分片进行重新分配,挂掉的节点重新启动时也会进行数据恢复。
  river
  代表es的一个数据源,也是其它存储方式(如:数据库)同步数据到es的一个方法。它是以插件方式存在的一个es服务,通过读取river中的数据并把它索引到es中,官方的river有couchDB的,RabbitMQ的,Twitter的,Wikipedia的。
  gateway
  代表es索引快照的存储方式,es默认是先把索引存放到内存中,当内存满了时再持久化到本地硬盘。gateway对索引快照进行存储,当这个es集群关闭再重新启动时就会从gateway中读取索引备份数据。es支持多种类型的gateway,有本地文件系统(默认),分布式文件系统,Hadoop的HDFS和amazon的s3云存储服务。
  discovery.zen
  代表es的自动发现节点机制,es是一个基于p2p的系统,它先通过广播寻找存在的节点,再通过多播协议来进行节点之间的通信,同时也支持点对点的交互。
  Transport
  代表es内部节点或集群与客户端的交互方式,默认内部是使用tcp协议进行交互,同时它支持http协议(json格式)、thrift、servlet、memcached、zeroMQ等的传输协议(通过插件方式集成)。

三.上传

   ES搜索引擎集群模式搭建【Kibana可视化】

  ES搜索引擎集群模式搭建【Kibana可视化】

四.创建用户

  ES搜索引擎集群模式搭建【Kibana可视化】

五.配置

  修改配置文件:elasticsearch.yml

# ======================== Elasticsearch Configuration =========================
#
# NOTE: Elasticsearch comes with reasonable defaults for most settings.
# Before you set out to tweak and tune the configuration, make sure you
# understand what are you trying to accomplish and the consequences.
#
# The primary way of configuring a node is via this file. This template lists
# the most important settings you may want to configure for a production cluster.
#
# Please consult the documentation for further information on configuration options:
# https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/index.html
#
# ---------------------------------- Cluster -----------------------------------
#
# Use a descriptive name for your cluster:
#
cluster.name: zhen-es # 集群名称
#
# ------------------------------------ Node ------------------------------------
#
# Use a descriptive name for the node:
#
node.name: node-1 # 节点名称
#
# Add custom attributes to the node:
#
#node.attr.rack: r1
#
# ----------------------------------- Paths ------------------------------------
#
# Path to directory where to store the data (separate multiple locations by comma):
#
#path.data: /path/to/data
#
# Path to log files:
#
#path.logs: /path/to/logs
#
# ----------------------------------- Memory -----------------------------------
#
# Lock the memory on startup:
#
#bootstrap.memory_lock: true
#
# Make sure that the heap size is set to about half the memory available
# on the system and that the owner of the process is allowed to use this
# limit.
#
# Elasticsearch performs poorly when the system is swapping the memory.
#
# ---------------------------------- Network -----------------------------------
#
# Set the bind address to a specific IP (IPv4 or IPv6):
#
network.host: 192.168.245.133 # 本机ip
#
# Set a custom port for HTTP:
#
http.port: 9200 # 开放端口
#
# For more information, consult the network module documentation.
#
# --------------------------------- Discovery ----------------------------------
#
# Pass an initial list of hosts to perform discovery when new node is started:
# The default list of hosts is ["127.0.0.1", "[::1]"]
#
#discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["host1", "host2"]
#
# Prevent the "split brain" by configuring the majority of nodes (total number of master-eligible nodes / 2 + 1):
#
#discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes:
#
# For more information, consult the zen discovery module documentation.
#
# ---------------------------------- Gateway -----------------------------------
#
# Block initial recovery after a full cluster restart until N nodes are started:
#
#gateway.recover_after_nodes: 3
#
# For more information, consult the gateway module documentation.
#
# ---------------------------------- Various -----------------------------------
#
# Require explicit names when deleting indices:
#
#action.destructive_requires_name: true
# 配置放置脑裂
# discovery.zen.ping.multicast.enabled: false
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["192.168.245.130","192.168.245.131", "192.168.245.133"]
discovery.zen.ping_timeout: 120s
client.transport.ping_timeout: 60s

六.分发到其它节点(根据节点进行相应的修改)

  执行命令:scp -r ./elasticsearch-6.6.0/ root@worker1:/usr/local/soft/

  执行命令:scp -r ./elasticsearch-6.6.0/ root@worker2:/usr/local/soft/

  ES搜索引擎集群模式搭建【Kibana可视化】

  修改权限

  ES搜索引擎集群模式搭建【Kibana可视化】

  修改相应配置

  节点worker1:

    node.name: node-2

    network.host: 192.168.245.130

  节点worker2:

    node.name: node-3

    network.host: 192.168.245.131

七.测试ES

  1.切换用户

    su es

  2.执行

    cd ..

    cd bin

    ./elasticsearch

  3.结果

    错误一

    ES搜索引擎集群模式搭建【Kibana可视化】

    解决方案一

    编辑/etc/security/limits.conf,添加

    * soft nofile 65536

    * hard nofile 131072

    * soft nproc 2048
    * hard nproc 4096

    节点master:

     ES搜索引擎集群模式搭建【Kibana可视化】

    错误二

    ES搜索引擎集群模式搭建【Kibana可视化】

    第二个错误是新出现的,解决方案二

    修改:/etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf

    修改:4096-》5120

    节点worker1:

    ES搜索引擎集群模式搭建【Kibana可视化】

    节点worker2:

    ES搜索引擎集群模式搭建【Kibana可视化】

八.配置可视化显示和交互平台Kibana

  1.简介

    Kibana 是一款开源的数据分析和可视化平台,它是 Elastic Stack 成员之一,设计用于和 Elasticsearch 协作。您可以使用 Kibana 对Elasticsearch索引中的数据进行搜索、查看、交互操作。您可以很方便的利用图表、表格及地图对数据进行多元化的分析和呈现。

    Kibana 可以使大数据通俗易懂。它很简单,基于浏览器的界面便于您快速创建和分享动态数据仪表板来追踪 Elasticsearch 的实时数据变化。

  2.配置

# Kibana is served by a back end server. This setting specifies the port to use.
server.port: 5601 # Specifies the address to which the Kibana server will bind. IP addresses and host names are both valid values.
# The default is 'localhost', which usually means remote machines will not be able to connect.
# To allow connections from remote users, set this parameter to a non-loopback address.
server.host: "192.168.245.133" # 根据节点ip配置 # Enables you to specify a path to mount Kibana at if you are running behind a proxy.
# Use the `server.rewriteBasePath` setting to tell Kibana if it should remove the basePath
# from requests it receives, and to prevent a deprecation warning at startup.
# This setting cannot end in a slash.
#server.basePath: "" # Specifies whether Kibana should rewrite requests that are prefixed with
# `server.basePath` or require that they are rewritten by your reverse proxy.
# This setting was effectively always `false` before Kibana 6.3 and will
# default to `true` starting in Kibana 7.0.
#server.rewriteBasePath: false # The maximum payload size in bytes for incoming server requests.
#server.maxPayloadBytes: 1048576 # The Kibana server's name. This is used for display purposes.
#server.name: "your-hostname" # The URLs of the Elasticsearch instances to use for all your queries.
elasticsearch.hosts: ["http://192.168.245.130:9200","http://192.168.245.131:9200","http://192.168.245.133:9200"] # 配置集群中所有的节点 # When this setting's value is true Kibana uses the hostname specified in the server.host
# setting. When the value of this setting is false, Kibana uses the hostname of the host
# that connects to this Kibana instance.
#elasticsearch.preserveHost: true # Kibana uses an index in Elasticsearch to store saved searches, visualizations and
# dashboards. Kibana creates a new index if the index doesn't already exist.
kibana.index: ".kibana" # The default application to load.
#kibana.defaultAppId: "home" # If your Elasticsearch is protected with basic authentication, these settings provide
# the username and password that the Kibana server uses to perform maintenance on the Kibana
# index at startup. Your Kibana users still need to authenticate with Elasticsearch, which
# is proxied through the Kibana server.
#elasticsearch.username: "user"
#elasticsearch.password: "pass" # Enables SSL and paths to the PEM-format SSL certificate and SSL key files, respectively.
# These settings enable SSL for outgoing requests from the Kibana server to the browser.
#server.ssl.enabled: false
#server.ssl.certificate: /path/to/your/server.crt
#server.ssl.key: /path/to/your/server.key # Optional settings that provide the paths to the PEM-format SSL certificate and key files.
# These files validate that your Elasticsearch backend uses the same key files.
#elasticsearch.ssl.certificate: /path/to/your/client.crt
#elasticsearch.ssl.key: /path/to/your/client.key # Optional setting that enables you to specify a path to the PEM file for the certificate
# authority for your Elasticsearch instance.
#elasticsearch.ssl.certificateAuthorities: [ "/path/to/your/CA.pem" ] # To disregard the validity of SSL certificates, change this setting's value to 'none'.
#elasticsearch.ssl.verificationMode: full # Time in milliseconds to wait for Elasticsearch to respond to pings. Defaults to the value of
# the elasticsearch.requestTimeout setting.
#elasticsearch.pingTimeout: 1500 # Time in milliseconds to wait for responses from the back end or Elasticsearch. This value
# must be a positive integer.
#elasticsearch.requestTimeout: 30000 # List of Kibana client-side headers to send to Elasticsearch. To send *no* client-side
# headers, set this value to [] (an empty list).
#elasticsearch.requestHeadersWhitelist: [ authorization ] # Header names and values that are sent to Elasticsearch. Any custom headers cannot be overwritten
# by client-side headers, regardless of the elasticsearch.requestHeadersWhitelist configuration.
#elasticsearch.customHeaders: {} # Time in milliseconds for Elasticsearch to wait for responses from shards. Set to 0 to disable.
#elasticsearch.shardTimeout: 30000 # Time in milliseconds to wait for Elasticsearch at Kibana startup before retrying.
#elasticsearch.startupTimeout: 5000 # Logs queries sent to Elasticsearch. Requires logging.verbose set to true.
#elasticsearch.logQueries: false # Specifies the path where Kibana creates the process ID file.
#pid.file: /var/run/kibana.pid # Enables you specify a file where Kibana stores log output.
#logging.dest: stdout # Set the value of this setting to true to suppress all logging output.
#logging.silent: false # Set the value of this setting to true to suppress all logging output other than error messages.
#logging.quiet: false # Set the value of this setting to true to log all events, including system usage information
# and all requests.
#logging.verbose: false # Set the interval in milliseconds to sample system and process performance
# metrics. Minimum is 100ms. Defaults to 5000.
#ops.interval: 5000 # Specifies locale to be used for all localizable strings, dates and number formats.
#i18n.locale: "en"

  3.启动

    运行命令:./kibana

  4.查看ES集群情况

ES搜索引擎集群模式搭建【Kibana可视化】

  以及节点详情:

ES搜索引擎集群模式搭建【Kibana可视化】

  此时表示ES集群配置及启动成功!