用Java实现图片验证码功能

时间:2023-02-05 08:34:40

一、什么是图片验证码?

可以参考下面这张图:

用Java实现图片验证码功能

我们在一些网站注册的时候,经常需要填写以上图片的信息。

1、图片生成实体类:

  1 package com.hexianwei.graphic;
  2 
  3 import java.awt.Color;
  4 import java.awt.Font;
  5 import java.awt.Graphics2D;
  6 import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
  7 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
  8 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
  9 import java.io.IOException;
 10 import java.io.OutputStream;
 11 import java.util.Random;
 12 
 13 import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
 14 
 15 
 16 public class ImageVerificationCode {
 17 
 18     private int weight = 100;           //验证码图片的长和宽
 19     private int height = 40;
 20     private String text;                //用来保存验证码的文本内容
 21     private Random r = new Random();    //获取随机数对象
 22     //private String[] fontNames = {"宋体", "华文楷体", "黑体", "微软雅黑", "楷体_GB2312"};   //字体数组
 23     //字体数组
 24     private String[] fontNames = {"Georgia"};
 25     //验证码数组
 26     private String codes = "23456789abcdefghjkmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";
 27 
 28     /**
 29      * 获取随机的颜色
 30      *
 31      * @return
 32      */
 33     private Color randomColor() {
 34         int r = this.r.nextInt(225);  //这里为什么是225,因为当r,g,b都为255时,即为白色,为了好辨认,需要颜色深一点。
 35         int g = this.r.nextInt(225);
 36         int b = this.r.nextInt(225);
 37         return new Color(r, g, b);            //返回一个随机颜色
 38     }
 39 
 40     /**
 41      * 获取随机字体
 42      *
 43      * @return
 44      */
 45     private Font randomFont() {
 46         int index = r.nextInt(fontNames.length);  //获取随机的字体
 47         String fontName = fontNames[index];
 48         int style = r.nextInt(4);         //随机获取字体的样式,0是无样式,1是加粗,2是斜体,3是加粗加斜体
 49         int size = r.nextInt(10) + 24;    //随机获取字体的大小
 50         return new Font(fontName, style, size);   //返回一个随机的字体
 51     }
 52 
 53     /**
 54      * 获取随机字符
 55      *
 56      * @return
 57      */
 58     private char randomChar() {
 59         int index = r.nextInt(codes.length());
 60         return codes.charAt(index);
 61     }
 62 
 63     /**
 64      * 画干扰线,验证码干扰线用来防止计算机解析图片
 65      *
 66      * @param image
 67      */
 68     private void drawLine(BufferedImage image) {
 69         int num = r.nextInt(10); //定义干扰线的数量
 70         Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();
 71         for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
 72             int x1 = r.nextInt(weight);
 73             int y1 = r.nextInt(height);
 74             int x2 = r.nextInt(weight);
 75             int y2 = r.nextInt(height);
 76             g.setColor(randomColor());
 77             g.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);
 78         }
 79     }
 80 
 81     /**
 82      * 创建图片的方法
 83      *
 84      * @return
 85      */
 86     private BufferedImage createImage() {
 87         //创建图片缓冲区
 88         BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(weight, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
 89         //获取画笔
 90         Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();
 91         //设置背景色随机
 92         g.setColor(new Color(255, 255, r.nextInt(245) + 10));
 93         g.fillRect(0, 0, weight, height);
 94         //返回一个图片
 95         return image;
 96     }
 97 
 98     /**
 99      * 获取验证码图片的方法
100      *
101      * @return
102      */
103     public BufferedImage getImage() {
104         BufferedImage image = createImage();
105         Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics(); //获取画笔
106         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
107         for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)             //画四个字符即可
108         {
109             String s = randomChar() + "";      //随机生成字符,因为只有画字符串的方法,没有画字符的方法,所以需要将字符变成字符串再画
110             sb.append(s);                      //添加到StringBuilder里面
111             float x = i * 1.0F * weight / 4;   //定义字符的x坐标
112             g.setFont(randomFont());           //设置字体,随机
113             g.setColor(randomColor());         //设置颜色,随机
114             g.drawString(s, x, height - 5);
115         }
116         this.text = sb.toString();
117         drawLine(image);
118         return image;
119     }
120 
121     /**
122      * 获取验证码文本的方法
123      *
124      * @return
125      */
126     public String getText() {
127         return text;
128     }
129 
130     public static void output(BufferedImage image, OutputStream out) throws IOException                  //将验证码图片写出的方法
131     {
132         ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", out);
133     }
134 }

2、在控制器中把图片响应给前端页面

 1 @RequestMapping("getVerifiCode")
 2     @ResponseBody
 3     public void getVerifiCode(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
 4         /*
 5              1.生成验证码
 6              2.把验证码上的文本存在session中
 7              3.把验证码图片发送给客户端
 8              */
 9         ImageVerificationCode ivc = new ImageVerificationCode();     //用我们的验证码类,生成验证码类对象
10         BufferedImage image = ivc.getImage();  //获取验证码
11         request.getSession().setAttribute("text", ivc.getText()); //将验证码的文本存在session中
12         ivc.output(image, response.getOutputStream());//将验证码图片响应给客户端
13     }

3、从session获得验证码字符

1 @RequestMapping("Login_authentication")
2     @ResponseBody
3     public String Login_authentication(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException {
4         request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
5         String session_vcode=(String) request.getSession().getAttribute("text");    //从session中获取真正的验证码
6         return session_vcode;
7     }

4、前端请求图片

1 <a href="javascript:getVerifiCode()">
2     <img id="yzm_img" style="cursor:pointer;width: 100px;height: 36px;margin: 5px 0 0 5px;border-radius: 3px;" title="点击刷新验证码" src="Mcake/getVerifiCode"/>
3 </a>
4 function getVerifiCode() {
5     $("#yzm_img").prop('src','Mcake/getVerifiCode?a='+new Date().getTime());
6 }