jdbc链接数据库

时间:2023-12-09 23:35:19

 

JDBC简介

JDBC全称为:Java Data Base Connectivity (java数据库连接),可以为多种数据库提供填统一的访问。JDBC是sun开发的一套数据库访问编程接口,是一种SQL级的API。它是由java语言编写完成,所以具有很好的跨平台特性,使用JDBC编写的数据库应用程序可以在任何支持java的平台上运行,而不必在不同的平台上编写不同的应用程序。

JDBC编程步骤

(1)加载驱动程序:

  下载驱动包 : http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/j/

解压,得到 jar文件。将该文件复制到Java工程目录Java Resources/Libraries/ 下,→ buildpath 。

(2)获得数据库连接

(3)创建Statement对象:

(4)向数据库发送SQL命令

(5)处理数据库的返回结果(ResultSet类)

 package com.baidu.emp.jdbcTest;

 import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement; import com.mysql.jdbc.Driver;
/**
* 开始使用jdbc连接数据库
* @author Admin
*
*/
public class Test001 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { /**
* 加载驱动
*/
// 方法一:
/*
* import java.sql.DriverManager; import com.mysql.jdbc.Driver;
*/
// Driver driver = new Driver();
// DriverManager.registerDriver(driver); // 方法二:(推荐使用)
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); /**
* 创建链接
*/
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testjdbc";
String user = "root";
String password = "root";
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password); // 创建statement对象
Statement statement = connection.createStatement(); /**
* 执行SQL,获取结果集
*/
String sql = "select * from test01";
ResultSet result = statement.executeQuery(sql); // 遍历结果集
while (result.next()) {
String name = result.getString("name");
int id = result.getInt("id");
System.out.println(name + "\t" + id);
} /**
* 关闭链接,释放资源
*/
result.close();
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}

防止SQL注入改用prepareStatement

 package com.boya.emp.jdbcTest;

 import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
/**
* SQL注入,使用prepareStatement对象进行预编译
* @author Admin
*
*/
public class Test002 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { /**
* 加载驱动
*/
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); /**
* 创建链接
*/
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testjdbc";
String user = "root";
String password = "root";
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password); // 写SQL
String sql = "select * from test01 where id = ?";
//创建statement对象,预编译
PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
//设置参数
statement.setInt(1, 2);
/**
* 执行SQL,获取结果集
*/
ResultSet result = statement.executeQuery(); // 遍历结果集
while (result.next()) {
String name = result.getString("name");
int id = result.getInt("id");
System.out.println(name + "\t" + id);
} /**
* 关闭链接,释放资源
*/
result.close();
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}

进行代码优化,设置配置文件,工具类,实现增删该查

增加配置文件方便修改数据库,用户登录。。。

jdbc.properties(配置文件名)

 driverName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testjdbc
userName=root
password=root

注意写配置文件时中间不可以有空格,引号之类的

工具类:增强了代码的复用性

 package com.baidu.emp.utils;

 import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties; import org.junit.Test; public class JdbcUtils { static String driverClassName;
static String url;
static String user;
static String password; static {
// 创建配置文件对象
Properties properties = new Properties();
// 加载配置文件输入流
InputStream inputStream = JdbcUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("jdbc.properties");
// 重新加载配置文件
try {
properties.load(inputStream);
// 获取配置文件的值
driverClassName = properties.getProperty("driverName");
url = properties.getProperty("url");
user = properties.getProperty("userName");
password = properties.getProperty("password");
Class.forName(driverClassName); } catch (Exception e) {
// 抛出异常
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
} /**
* 获取连接
*/
@Test
public void testName() throws Exception { System.out.println(driverClassName);
}
public static Connection getConnection() {
Connection connection = null;
try {
connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
} catch (SQLException e) {
// 抛出异常
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
return connection;
} /**
* 关闭链接,释放资源
*/
public static void close(Connection connection, PreparedStatement statement, ResultSet resultSet) { try {
if (resultSet != null) {
resultSet.close();
}
resultSet = null; // 垃圾及时清除
//注意,不要弄成死循环
close(connection, statement);
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} } /**
* 增删改释放资源
*/
public static void close(Connection connection, PreparedStatement statement) { try {
if (connection != null) {
connection.close();
} connection = null;
if (statement != null) {
statement.close();
}
statement = null; } catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} } }

测试增删改查:

 package com.baidu.emp.jdbcTest;

 import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet; import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test; import com.baidu.emp.utils.JdbcUtils; /**
* 使用jdbcUtils连接数据库进行增删改查
*
* @author Admin
*
*/
public class Test003 { // 初始化值
Connection connection = null;
PreparedStatement statement = null;
ResultSet result = null; @Before
public void start() throws Exception {
// 创建链接
connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
System.out.println("创建链接");
} @After
public void end() throws Exception {
// 关闭链接
JdbcUtils.close(connection, statement, result);
System.out.println("关闭链接");
} /**
*插入数据
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void add() throws Exception {
String sql = "insert into test01 values(null,?)";
statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
statement.setString(1, "李四");
int result = statement.executeUpdate();
if (result!=0) {
System.out.println("添加成功");
}
}
/**
* 删除数据
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void del() throws Exception {
String sql = "delete from test01 where id =?";
statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
statement.setInt(1,3);
int result = statement.executeUpdate();
if (result!=0) {
System.out.println("删除成功");
}
}
/**
* 修改数据
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void change() throws Exception {
String sql = "update test01 set name = ? where id = ?";
statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
statement.setString(1, "张飞");
statement.setInt(2, 2);
int result = statement.executeUpdate();
if (result!=0) {
System.out.println("修改成功");
}
} /**
* 查询全部数据
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void findAll() throws Exception {
String sql = "select id , name from test01";
statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
result = statement.executeQuery();
if (result.next()) {
System.out.println("查询成功");
}
} /**
* 条件查询数据
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void findOne() throws Exception {
String sql = "select id , name from test01 where id = ?";
statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
statement.setInt(1, 2);
result = statement.executeQuery();
if (result.next()) {
System.out.println("查询成功");
}
} }

希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持我。