django版本:1.4.21。
一、准备工作
1、新建项目和app
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[root@yl - web - test srv] # django-admin.py startproject lxysite
[root@yl - web - test srv] # cd lxysite/
[root@yl - web - test lxysite] # python manage.py startapp accounts
[root@yl - web - test lxysite] # ls
accounts lxysite manage.py
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2、配置app
在项目settings.py中的
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installed_apps = (
'django.contrib.auth' ,
'django.contrib.contenttypes' ,
'django.contrib.sessions' ,
'django.contrib.sites' ,
'django.contrib.messages' ,
'django.contrib.staticfiles' ,
# uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
# 'django.contrib.admin',
# uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
# 'django.contrib.admindocs',
'accounts' ,
)
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3、配置url
在项目urls.py中配置
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urlpatterns = patterns('',
# examples:
# url(r'^$', 'lxysite.views.home', name='home'),
# url(r'^lxysite/', include('lxysite.foo.urls')),
# uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation:
# url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),
# uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
# url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
url(r '^accounts/' , include( 'accounts.urls' )),
)
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4、配置templates
新建templates目录来存放模板,
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[root@yl - web - test lxysite] # mkdir templates
[root@yl - web - test lxysite] # ls
accounts lxysite manage.py templates
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然后在settings中配置
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template_dirs = (
# put strings here, like "/home/html/django_templates" or "c:/www/django/templates".
# always use forward slashes, even on windows.
# don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
'/srv/lxysite/templates' ,
)
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5、配置数据库
我用的是mysql数据库,先创建数据库lxysite
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mysql> create database lxysite;
query ok, 1 row affected ( 0.00 sec)
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然后在settings.py中配置
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databases = {
'default' : {
'engine' : 'django.db.backends.mysql' , # add 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'.
'name' : 'lxysite' , # or path to database file if using sqlite3.
'user' : 'root' , # not used with sqlite3.
'password' : 'password' , # not used with sqlite3.
'host' : '10.1.101.35' , # set to empty string for localhost. not used with sqlite3.
'port' : '3306' , # set to empty string for default. not used with sqlite3.
}
}
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然后同步数据库:同步过程创建了一个管理员账号:liuxiaoyan,password,后面就用这个账号登录和注销登录。
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[root@yl - web - test lxysite] # python manage.py syncdb
creating tables ...
creating table auth_permission
creating table auth_group_permissions
creating table auth_group
creating table auth_user_user_permissions
creating table auth_user_groups
creating table auth_user
creating table django_content_type
creating table django_session
creating table django_site
you just installed django 's auth system, which means you don' t have any superusers defined.
would you like to create one now? (yes / no): yes
username (leave blank to use 'root' ): liuxiaoyan
e - mail address: liuxiaoyan@test.com
password:
password (again):
superuser created successfully.
installing custom sql ...
installing indexes ...
installed 0 object (s) from 0 fixture(s)
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至此,准备工作完成。
二、实现登录功能
使用django自带的用户认证,实现用户登录和注销。
1、定义一个用户登录表单(forms.py)
因为用的了bootstrap框架,执行命令#pip install django-bootstrap-toolkit
安装。
并在settings.py文件中配置
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installed_apps = (
'django.contrib.auth' ,
'django.contrib.contenttypes' ,
'django.contrib.sessions' ,
'django.contrib.sites' ,
'django.contrib.messages' ,
'django.contrib.staticfiles' ,
# uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
# 'django.contrib.admin',
# uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
# 'django.contrib.admindocs',
'bootstrap_toolkit' ,
'accounts' ,
)
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forms.py没有强制规定,建议放在和app的views.py同一目录。
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#coding=utf-8
from django import forms
from django.contrib.auth.models import user
from bootstrap_toolkit.widgets import bootstrapdateinput,bootstraptextinput,bootstrapuneditableinput
class loginform(forms.form):
username = forms.charfield(
required = true,
label = u "用户名" ,
error_messages = { 'required' : '请输入用户名' },
widget = forms.textinput(
attrs = {
'placeholder' :u "用户名" ,
}
)
)
password = forms.charfield(
required = true,
label = u "密码" ,
error_messages = { 'required' :u '请输入密码' },
widget = forms.passwordinput(
attrs = {
'placeholder' :u "密码" ,
}
),
)
def clean( self ):
if not self .is_valid():
raise forms.validationerror(u "用户名和密码为必填项" )
else :
cleaned_data = super (loginform, self ).clean()
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定义的登录表单有两个域username和password,这两个域都为必填项。
2、定义登录视图views.py
在视图里实例化上一步定义的用户登录表单
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# create your views here.
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response,render,get_object_or_404
from django.http import httpresponse, httpresponseredirect
from django.contrib.auth.models import user
from django.contrib import auth
from django.contrib import messages
from django.template.context import requestcontext
from django.forms.formsets import formset_factory
from django.core.paginator import paginator, pagenotaninteger, emptypage
from bootstrap_toolkit.widgets import bootstrapuneditableinput
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from forms import loginform
def login(request):
if request.method = = 'get' :
form = loginform()
return render_to_response( 'login.html' ,requestcontext(request,{ 'form' :form,}))
else :
form = loginform(request.post)
if form.is_valid():
username = request.post.get( 'username' ,'')
password = request.post.get( 'password' ,'')
user = auth.authenticate(username = username,password = password)
if user is not none and user.is_active:
auth.login(request,user)
return render_to_response( 'index.html' ,requestcontext(request))
else :
return render_to_response( 'login.html' ,requestcontext(request,{ 'form' :form, 'password_is_wrong' :true}))
else :
return render_to_response( 'login.html' ,requestcontext(request,{ 'form' :form,}))
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该视图实例化了前面定义的loginform,它的主要业务流逻辑是:
1、判断必填项用户名和密码是否为空,如果为空,提示“用户名和密码为必填项”的错误信息。
2、判断用户名和密码是否正确,如果错误,提示“用户名或密码错误”的错误信息。
3、登录成功后,进入主页(index.html)
3、登录页面模板(login.html)
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<!doctype html>
{ % load bootstrap_toolkit % }
{ % load url from future % }
<html lang = "en" >
<head>
<meta charset = "utf-8" >
<title>数据库脚本发布系统< / title>
<meta name = "description" content = "">
<meta name = "author" content = "朱显杰" >
{ % bootstrap_stylesheet_tag % }
{ % bootstrap_stylesheet_tag "responsive" % }
<style type = "text/css" >
body {
padding - top: 60px ;
}
< / style>
<! - - [ if lt ie 9 ]>
<script src = "//html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js" >< / script>
<![endif] - - >
<! - - <script src = "//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.0/jquery.min.js" >< / script> - - >
{ % bootstrap_javascript_tag % }
{ % block extra_head % }{ % endblock % }
< / head>
<body>
{ % if password_is_wrong % }
<div class = "alert alert-error" >
<button type = "button" class = "close" data - dismiss = "alert" >×< / button>
<h4>错误!< / h4>用户名或密码错误
< / div>
{ % endif % }
<div class = "well" >
<h1>数据库脚本发布系统< / h1>
<p>?< / p>
<form class = "form-horizontal" action = " " method=" post">
{ % csrf_token % }
{{ form|as_bootstrap: "horizontal" }}
<p class = "form-actions" >
< input type = "submit" value = "登录" class = "btn btn-primary" >
<a href = "/contactme/" >< input type = "button" value = "忘记密码" class = "btn btn-danger" >< / a>
<a href = "/contactme/" >< input type = "button" value = "新员工?" class = "btn btn-success" >< / a>
< / p>
< / form>
< / div>
< / body>
< / html>
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配置accounts的urls.py
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from django.conf.urls import *
from accounts.views import login,logout
urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r 'login/$' ,login),
)
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4、首页(index.html)
代码如下:
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<!doctype html>
{ % load bootstrap_toolkit % }
<html lang = "en" >
{ % bootstrap_stylesheet_tag % }
{ % bootstrap_stylesheet_tag "responsive" % }
<h1>登录成功< / h1>
<a href = "/accounts/logout/" >< input type = "button" value = "登出" class = "btn btn-success" >< / a>
< / html>
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配置登出的url
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from django.conf.urls import *
from accounts.views import login,logout
urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r 'login/$' ,login),
url(r 'logout/$' ,logout),
)
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登录视图如下:调用djagno自带用户认证系统的logout,然后返回登录界面。
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@login_required
def logout(request):
auth.logout(request)
return httpresponseredirect( "/accounts/login/" )
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上面@login_required标示只有登录用户才能调用该视图,否则自动重定向到登录页面。
三、登录注销演示
1、执行python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
在浏览器输入ip+端口访问,出现登录界面
2、当用户名或密码为空时,提示“用户名和密码为必填项”
3、当用户名或密码错误时,提示“用户名或密码错误”
4、输入正确用户名和密码(创建数据库时生成的liuxiaoyan,password),进入主页
5、点击登出,注销登录,返回登录页面。
四、排错
1、'bootstrap_toolkit' is not a valid tag library
因为你的installed_app没有安装'bootstrap_toolkit',安装即可。
资源链接
http://www.zzvips.com/article/148197.html
http://www.zzvips.com/article/148190.html
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/starof/p/4724381.html