YII2 邮件插件SwiftMailer使用SendMail本地邮件服务器发送

1.YII中对于SwiftMailer的默认配置

在common\config\main.php中，有如下代码：

        'mailer' => [
'class' => 'yii\swiftmailer\Mailer',
'viewPath' => '@common/mail',
// send all mails to a file by default. You have to set
// 'useFileTransport' to false and configure a transport
// for the mailer to send real emails.
'useFileTransport' => true,
        ],

此时，如果使用SwiftMailer发送邮件，会在runtime/application/mail目录下，或者runtime/console/mail目录下，生成*.eml文件，类似20161130-180407-3682-3319.eml。

2.YII中对于SwiftMailer的官方说明

Usage
To use this extension, simply add the following code in your application configuration:

return [
//....
'components' => [
'mailer' => [
'class' => 'yii\swiftmailer\Mailer',
        ],
    ],
];

You can then send an email as follows:

Yii::$app->mailer->compose('contact/html')
 ->setFrom('[e-mail]')
 ->setTo($form->email)
 ->setSubject($form->subject)
 ->send();
For further instructions refer to the related section in the Yii Definitive Guide.

3.众多网上的例子讨论的是如何对SwiftMailer配置外部邮件服务器，比如这里

配置

'mail' => [
'class' => 'yii\swiftmailer\Mailer',
'viewPath' => '@common/mail',
//'useFileTransport' => true, //放在本地的邮件列表,测试邮件的时候可以开启这个

'transport' => [
'class' => 'Swift_SmtpTransport',
'host' => 'smtp.126.com',
'username' => 'your email',
'password' => 'password',
'port' => '465',
'encryption' => 'ssl',

                            ], 

        ],

发送

public function sendEmail()
    {
/** @var User $user */
        $user = User::find([
'status' => User::STATUS_ACTIVE,
'email' => $this->email,
        ]);

if (!$user) {
return false;
        }

        $user->generatePasswordResetToken();
if ($user->save()) {
return \Yii::$app->mail->compose()
 ->setFrom('from email')
 ->setTo('to email')
 ->setSubject('subject ')
 ->setTextBody('内容')
 ->send();

        }

return false;
    }

4.还有说使用php mail()函数来发送邮件，这里

配置就是把官方默认配置的useFileTransport改为false,并且增加一个transport

return [
'components' => [
...
'mailer' => [
'class' => 'yii\swiftmailer\Mailer',
'viewPath' => '@common/mail',
'transport' => [
'class' => 'Swift_MailTransport',
            ],
'useFileTransport' => false,
        ],

    ],
];

测试，发现是可以发送邮件的。

5. 上述4中是php mail()函数起作用了吗

首先，我在SwiftMailer代码中没有发现php mail()函数的使用。php mail()函数起作用是在php.ini中配置了sendmail_path

sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i

那么，我们把这行注释掉，然后再试，发现仍然可以发送。而直接测试PHP mail()函数，发现mail()函数失效了。可见，并不是php mail()函数起作用。
注意，php cli和php web服务器读取的php.ini可能是不同的，如果是php cli模式，可以先用如下命令查看：

php -i | grep -i php.ini

6. 结论，SwiftMailer默认支持使用Shell中SendMail。

• 如果没有配置php.ini中的sendmail_path，php的mail()函数没有启用，swiftmailer默认直接使用系统中的sendmail命令。
  此时YII2的/common/config/main-local.php中的配置如下：

return [
'components' => [
...
'mailer' => [
'class' => 'yii\swiftmailer\Mailer',
'viewPath' => '@common/mail',
'useFileTransport' => false,
        ],

    ],
];

• 如果配置了php的mail()函数，则需要在YII配置文件中指定transport类型，也就是4.上的例子

return [
'components' => [
...
'mailer' => [
'class' => 'yii\swiftmailer\Mailer',
'viewPath' => '@common/mail',
'transport' => [
'class' => 'Swift_MailTransport',
            ],
'useFileTransport' => false,
        ],

    ],
];

不管是用何种sendmail，比如smtp、sendmail、mail()，只与配置文件相关，代码中的使用都是一样的。

7.SwitftMailer对transport的说明

\vendor\swiftmailer\swiftmailer\doc\overview.rst

Transports
~~~~~~

Transports are the classes in Swift Mailer that are responsible for
communicating with a service in order to deliver a Message. There are several
types of Transport in Swift Mailer, all of which implement the Swift_Transport
interface and offer underlying start(), stop() and send() methods.

Typically you will not need to know how a Transport works under-the-surface,
you will only need to know how to create an instance of one, and which one to
use for your environment.

8.SwiftMailer对于各种transport使用的例子

\vendor\swiftmailer\swiftmailer\doc\sending.rst

 require_once 'lib/swift_required.php';

// Create the Transport
$transport = Swift_SmtpTransport::newInstance('smtp.example.org', 25)
->setUsername('your username')
->setPassword('your password')
      ;

/*
 You could alternatively use a different transport such as Sendmail or Mail:

 // Sendmail
 $transport = Swift_SendmailTransport::newInstance('/usr/sbin/sendmail -bs');

 // Mail
 $transport = Swift_MailTransport::newInstance();
 */

// Create the Mailer using your created Transport
$mailer = Swift_Mailer::newInstance($transport);

// Create a message
$message = Swift_Message::newInstance('Wonderful Subject')
->setFrom(array('[e-mail]' => 'John Doe'))
->setTo(array('[e-mail]', '[e-mail]' => 'A name'))
->setBody('Here is the message itself')
      ;

// Send the message
$result = $mailer->send($message);