%matplotlib inline import matplotlib as mpl import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np import pandas as pd
#首先导入基本的画图包，第一句是必要的
house = pd.read_csv('./housing.csv') # 读取数据，数据文件存放在c根目录下盘可直接这样访问，如果放在文件夹里。可像平常一样加上目录名称
house.describe().loc[['min', 'std', 'max', 'mean'], ['RM', 'MEDV']].round(2) 求均值方差等
可得到
for i in range(4): print (house.iloc[:, i].corr(house.iloc[:, i+4]).round(2)) # 可得到相关系数
fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 4, figsize = (16, 4)) for n in range(4): axes[n].scatter(house.iloc[:, n],house.iloc[:, n+4]) ## 这里开始画图
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基本概念
- figure：画布
- axes： 坐标轴，或者理解成所画的图形
- 一张画布（figure）可以有很多图（axes）
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其他
- label： 坐标上的标注
- tickets： 刻度
- legend：图例
- loc = 0： 自动寻找最好的位置
- ncol = 3：分三列
- fontsize
- frameon = True： 边框
fig, ax = plt.subplots() ax.plot(x, y1, color = "blue", label = "y(x)") ax.plot(x, y2, color = "red", label = "y'(x)") ax.set_xlabel("xxxxx") ax.set_ylabel("yyyyy") ax.legend() # 基本画线图
fig, ax = plt.subplots() ax.scatter(x, y1, color = "blue", label = "y(x)") ax.scatter(x, y2, color = "red", label = "y'(x)") ax.set_xlabel("xxxxx") ax.set_ylabel("yyyyy") ax.legend() #基本画点图
fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize = (10,4)) for i in range(2): for j in range(2): axes[i, j].scatter(house.loc[:, 'RM'],house.loc[:, 'RM'])
fig, axes = plt.subplots(figsize = (16, 8)) axes.plot(x, np.zeros_like(x), color = 'black') axes.plot([0, 0], [0, 5], lw = 0.5, ls = '--', color = 'red') axes.plot([0, 0], [1, 10], lw = '5', color = 'green') axes.set_ylim(4, 15) axes.set_xlim(-1, 1)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (10,4)) ax.plot(x, y1, lw = 1.5, color = 'blue', label = 'Sy(x)s') ax.plot(x, y2, lw = 1.5, color = 'red', label = 'Sy(x)s') ax.plot(x, y2, lw = 1.5, color = 'green', label = 'Sy''(x)s') ax.plot(x, np.zeros_like(x), lw = 0.5, color = 'black') ax.plot([-3.33, -3.33], [0, (-3,33)**3 + 5*(-3.33)*2 + 10], ls = '--', lw = 0.5, color = 'black') ax.plot([0, 0], [0, 10], lw = 0.5, ls = '--', color = 'black') ax.plot([0], [10], lw = 0.5, marker = 'o', color = 'blue') ax.plot([-3.33], [(-3.33)**3 + 5*(-3.33)**2 + 10], lw = 0.5, marker = 'o', color = 'blue')
fig = plt.figure(figsize = (8, 2.5), facecolor = "#f1f1f1") left, bottom, width, height = 0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8 ax = fig.add_axes((left, bottom, width, height), facecolor = "#e1e1e1") x = np.linspace(-2, 2, 1000) y1 = np.cos(40*x) y2 = np.exp(-x*2) ax.plot(x, y1*y2) ax.plot(x, y2, 'g') ax.plot(x, -y2, 'g') ax.set_xlabel("x") ax.set_ylabel("y") fig.savefig("graph.png", dpi = 100, facecolor = "#f1f1f1") fig.savefig("graph.pdf", dpi = 300, facecolor = "#f1f1f1")
x = np.linspace(-3, 3, 25) y1 = x**3 + 3*x**2 + 10 y2 = -1.5*x**3 + 10*x*2 - 1.5 fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize = (20, 5)) ax[0].plot(x, y1) ax[0].plot(x, y2) ax[1].step(x, y1) ax[1].step(x, y2) ax[1].set_xlabel('ddfdfdf') fig.savefig('./xxxpng')
fignum = 0 x = np.linspace(-3, 3, 25) y1 = x**3 + 3*x**2 + 10 y2 = -1.5*x**3 + 10*x*2 - 1.5 fig, ax = plt.subplots() ax.plot(x, y1) ax.plot(x, y2) def hide_label(fig, ax): global fignum ax.set_xtickets([]) ax.set_yticks([]) ax.xaxis.set
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (10,4)) width = 6/50.0 ax.bar(x - width/2, y1, width = width, color = "blue") ax.bar(x - width/2, y2, width = width, color = "green")
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (10,4)) ax.fill_between(x, y1, y2) ax.plot(x, y1, color = 'green', lw = 5)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (10,4)) ax.hist(y2, bins = 30) ax.hist(y1, bins = 30)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (10,4)) ax.errorbar(x, y2, yerr = y1, fmt = 'o-') ax.plot(x, y1, color = 'red') ax.plot(x, y2, color = 'black', lw = 5)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (10,4)) x = np.linspace(0, 5, 50) ax.scatter(x, -1 + x + 0.25*x**2 + 2*np.random.rand(len(x))) ax.scatter(x, np.sqrt(x) + 2*np.random.rand(len(x)))
s.plot(kind = 'bar')
s.plot(kind = 'pie') # 画饼状图