Thrift入门及Java实例演示

时间：2023-02-18 16:44:14

目录：

  • 概述
  • 下载配置
  • 基本概念
  1. 数据类型
  2. 服务端编码基本步骤
  3. 客户端编码基本步骤
  4. 数据传输协议
  • 实例演示（java）
    1. thrift生成代码
    2. 实现接口Iface
    3. TSimpleServer服务模型
    4. TThreadPoolServer 服务模型
    5. TNonblockingServer 服务模型
    6. THsHaServer服务模型
    7. 异步客户端

    • [一]、概述

    Thrift是一个软件框架，用来进行可扩展且跨语言的服务的开发。它结合了功能强大的软件堆栈和代码生成引擎，以构建在 C++, Java, Python, PHP, Ruby, Erlang, Perl, Haskell, C#, Cocoa, JavaScript, Node.js, Smalltalk, and OCaml 等等编程语言间无缝结合的、高效的服务。

    Thrift最初由facebook开发，07年四月开放源码，08年5月进入apache孵化器。thrift允许你定义一个简单的定义文件中的数据类型和服务接口。以作为输入文件，编译器生成代码用来方便地生成RPC客户端和服务器通信的无缝跨编程语言。

    官网地址：thrift.apache.org

    推荐值得一看的文章：

    [二]、下载配置

    到官网下载最新版本，截止今日（2012-06-11）最新版本为0.8.0.

    1. 如果是Maven构建项目的，直接在pom.xml 中添加如下内容：

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    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.thrift</groupId>
      <artifactId>libthrift</artifactId>
      <version>0.8.0</version>
    </dependency>

    2.如果自己编译lib包，把下载的压缩包解压到X:盘，然后在X:\thrift-0.8.0\lib\java 目录下运行ant进行自动编译，会在X:\thrift-0.8.0\lib\java\build\ 目录下看到编译好的lib包：libthrift-0.8.0.jar

    [三]、基本概念

    1.数据类型

    • 基本类型：
      • bool：布尔值，true 或 false，对应 Java 的 boolean
      • byte：8 位有符号整数，对应 Java 的 byte
      • i16：16 位有符号整数，对应 Java 的 short
      • i32：32 位有符号整数，对应 Java 的 int
      • i64：64 位有符号整数，对应 Java 的 long
      • double：64 位浮点数，对应 Java 的 double
      • string：utf-8编码的字符串，对应 Java 的 String
    • 结构体类型：
      • struct：定义公共的对象，类似于 C 语言中的结构体定义，在 Java 中是一个 JavaBean
    • 容器类型：
      • list：对应 Java 的 ArrayList
      • set：对应 Java 的 HashSet
      • map：对应 Java 的 HashMap
    • 异常类型：
      • exception：对应 Java 的 Exception
    • 服务类型：
      • service：对应服务的类

    2.服务端编码基本步骤：

    • 实现服务处理接口impl
    • 创建TProcessor
    • 创建TServerTransport
    • 创建TProtocol
    • 创建TServer
    • 启动Server

    3.客户端编码基本步骤：

    • 创建Transport
    • 创建TProtocol
    • 基于TTransport和TProtocol创建 Client
    • 调用Client的相应方法

    4.数据传输协议

    • TBinaryProtocol : 二进制格式.
    • TCompactProtocol : 压缩格式
    • TJSONProtocol : JSON格式
    • TSimpleJSONProtocol : 提供JSON只写协议, 生成的文件很容易通过脚本语言解析

    tips:客户端和服务端的协议要一致

    [四]、实例演示

    1. thrift生成代码

    创建Thrift文件：G:\test\thrift\demoHello.thrift ,内容如下：

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    namespace java com.micmiu.thrift.demo
    service  HelloWorldService {
      string sayHello(1:string username)
    }

    目录结构如下：

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    G:\test\thrift&gt;tree /F
    卷 other 的文件夹 PATH 列表
    卷序列号为 D238-BE47
    G:.
        demoHello.thrift
        demouser.thrift
        thrift-0.8.0.exe
    没有子文件夹

    thrift-0.8.0.exe 是官网提供的windows下编译工具，运用这个工具生成相关代码：

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    thrift-0.8.0.exe -r -gen java ./demoHello.thrift

    生成后的目录结构如下：

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    G:\test\thrift&gt;tree /F
    卷 other 的文件夹 PATH 列表
    卷序列号为 D238-BE47
    G:.
    │  demoHello.thrift
    │  demouser.thrift
    │  thrift-0.8.0.exe
    │
    └─gen-java
        └─com
            └─micmiu
                └─thrift
                    └─demo
                            HelloWorldService.java

    将生成的HelloWorldService.java 文件copy到自己测试的工程中，我的工程是用maven构建的，故在pom.xml中增加如下内容：

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    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.thrift</groupId>
    <artifactId>libthrift</artifactId>
    <version>0.8.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.8</version>
    </dependency>

    2. 实现接口Iface

    java代码：HelloWorldImpl.java

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    package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;
    import org.apache.thrift.TException;
    /**
    * blog http://www.micmiu.com
    *
    * @author Michael
    *
    */
    public class HelloWorldImpl implements HelloWorldService.Iface {
    public HelloWorldImpl() {
    }
    @Override
    public String sayHello(String username) throws TException {
    return "Hi," + username + " welcome to my blog www.micmiu.com";
    }
    }

    3.TSimpleServer服务端

    简单的单线程服务模型，一般用于测试。

    编写服务端server代码：HelloServerDemo.java

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    package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;
    import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TJSONProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TSimpleJSONProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TSimpleServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket;
    /**
    * blog http://www.micmiu.com
    *
    * @author Michael
    *
    */
    public class HelloServerDemo {
    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
    public void startServer() {
    try {
    System.out.println("HelloWorld TSimpleServer start ....");
    TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor&lt;HelloWorldService.Iface&gt;(
    new HelloWorldImpl());
    // HelloWorldService.Processor&lt;HelloWorldService.Iface&gt; tprocessor =
    // new HelloWorldService.Processor&lt;HelloWorldService.Iface&gt;(
    // new HelloWorldImpl());
    // 简单的单线程服务模型，一般用于测试
    TServerSocket serverTransport = new TServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);
    TServer.Args tArgs = new TServer.Args(serverTransport);
    tArgs.processor(tprocessor);
    tArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory());
    // tArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory());
    // tArgs.protocolFactory(new TJSONProtocol.Factory());
    TServer server = new TSimpleServer(tArgs);
    server.serve();
    } catch (Exception e) {
    System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
    e.printStackTrace();
    }
    }
    /**
    * @param args
    */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo();
    server.startServer();
    }
    }

    编写客户端Client代码：HelloClientDemo.java

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    package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;
    import org.apache.thrift.TException;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TJSONProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;
    /**
    * blog http://www.micmiu.com
    *
    * @author Michael
    *
    */
    public class HelloClientDemo {
    public static final String SERVER_IP = "localhost";
    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
    public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000;
    /**
    *
    * @param userName
    */
    public void startClient(String userName) {
    TTransport transport = null;
    try {
    transport = new TSocket(SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT);
    // 协议要和服务端一致
    TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport);
    // TProtocol protocol = new TCompactProtocol(transport);
    // TProtocol protocol = new TJSONProtocol(transport);
    HelloWorldService.Client client = new HelloWorldService.Client(
    protocol);
    transport.open();
    String result = client.sayHello(userName);
    System.out.println("Thrify client result =: " + result);
    } catch (TTransportException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (TException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
    if (null != transport) {
    transport.close();
    }
    }
    }
    /**
    * @param args
    */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    HelloClientDemo client = new HelloClientDemo();
    client.startClient("Michael");
    }
    }

    先运行服务端程序，日志如下：

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    HelloWorld TSimpleServer start ....

    再运行客户端调用程序，日志如下：

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    Thrify client result =: Hi,Michael welcome to my blog www.micmiu.com

    测试成功，和预期的返回信息一致。

    4.TThreadPoolServer 服务模型

    线程池服务模型，使用标准的阻塞式IO，预先创建一组线程处理请求。

    编写服务端代码：HelloServerDemo.java

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    package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;
    import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket;
    /**
    * blog http://www.micmiu.com
    *
    * @author Michael
    *
    */
    public class HelloServerDemo {
    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
    public void startServer() {
    try {
    System.out.println("HelloWorld TThreadPoolServer start ....");
    TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor&lt;HelloWorldService.Iface&gt;(
    new HelloWorldImpl());
    TServerSocket serverTransport = new TServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);
    TThreadPoolServer.Args ttpsArgs = new TThreadPoolServer.Args(
    serverTransport);
    ttpsArgs.processor(tprocessor);
    ttpsArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory());
    // 线程池服务模型，使用标准的阻塞式IO，预先创建一组线程处理请求。
    TServer server = new TThreadPoolServer(ttpsArgs);
    server.serve();
    } catch (Exception e) {
    System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
    e.printStackTrace();
    }
    }
    /**
    * @param args
    */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo();
    server.startServer();
    }
    }

    客户端Client代码和之前的一样，只要数据传输的协议一致即可，客户端测试成功，结果如下：

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    Thrify client result =: Hi,Michael welcome to my blog www.micmiu.com

    5.TNonblockingServer 服务模型

    使用非阻塞式IO，服务端和客户端需要指定 TFramedTransport 数据传输的方式。

    编写服务端代码：HelloServerDemo.java

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    package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;
    import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket;
    /**
    * blog http://www.micmiu.com
    *
    * @author Michael
    *
    */
    public class HelloServerDemo {
    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
    public void startServer() {
    try {
    System.out.println("HelloWorld TNonblockingServer start ....");
    TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor&lt;HelloWorldService.Iface&gt;(
    new HelloWorldImpl());
    TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket(
    SERVER_PORT);
    TNonblockingServer.Args tnbArgs = new TNonblockingServer.Args(
    tnbSocketTransport);
    tnbArgs.processor(tprocessor);
    tnbArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory());
    tnbArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory());
    // 使用非阻塞式IO，服务端和客户端需要指定TFramedTransport数据传输的方式
    TServer server = new TNonblockingServer(tnbArgs);
    server.serve();
    } catch (Exception e) {
    System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
    e.printStackTrace();
    }
    }
    /**
    * @param args
    */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo();
    server.startServer();
    }
    }

    编写客户端代码：HelloClientDemo.java

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    package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;
    import org.apache.thrift.TException;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;
    /**
    * blog http://www.micmiu.com
    *
    * @author Michael
    *
    */
    public class HelloClientDemo {
    public static final String SERVER_IP = "localhost";
    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
    public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000;
    /**
    *
    * @param userName
    */
    public void startClient(String userName) {
    TTransport transport = null;
    try {
    transport = new TFramedTransport(new TSocket(SERVER_IP,
    SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT));
    // 协议要和服务端一致
    TProtocol protocol = new TCompactProtocol(transport);
    HelloWorldService.Client client = new HelloWorldService.Client(
    protocol);
    transport.open();
    String result = client.sayHello(userName);
    System.out.println("Thrify client result =: " + result);
    } catch (TTransportException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (TException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
    if (null != transport) {
    transport.close();
    }
    }
    }
    /**
    * @param args
    */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    HelloClientDemo client = new HelloClientDemo();
    client.startClient("Michael");
    }
    }

    客户端的测试成功，结果如下：

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    Thrify client result =: Hi,Michael welcome to my blog www.micmiu.com

    6.THsHaServer服务模型

    半同步半异步的服务端模型，需要指定为： TFramedTransport 数据传输的方式。

    编写服务端代码：HelloServerDemo.java

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    package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;
    import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.THsHaServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TSimpleServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket;
    /**
    * blog http://www.micmiu.com
    *
    * @author Michael
    *
    */
    public class HelloServerDemo {
    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
    public void startServer() {
    try {
    System.out.println("HelloWorld THsHaServer start ....");
    TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor&lt;HelloWorldService.Iface&gt;(
    new HelloWorldImpl());
    TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket(
    SERVER_PORT);
    THsHaServer.Args thhsArgs = new THsHaServer.Args(tnbSocketTransport);
    thhsArgs.processor(tprocessor);
    thhsArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory());
    thhsArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory());
    //半同步半异步的服务模型
    TServer server = new THsHaServer(thhsArgs);
    server.serve();
    } catch (Exception e) {
    System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
    e.printStackTrace();
    }
    }
    /**
    * @param args
    */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo();
    server.startServer();
    }
    }

    客户端代码和上面 4 中的类似，只要注意传输协议一致以及指定传输方式为TFramedTransport。

    7.异步客户端

    编写服务端代码：HelloServerDemo.java

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    package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;
    import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket;
    /**
    * blog http://www.micmiu.com
    *
    * @author Michael
    *
    */
    public class HelloServerDemo {
    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
    public void startServer() {
    try {
    System.out.println("HelloWorld TNonblockingServer start ....");
    TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor&lt;HelloWorldService.Iface&gt;(
    new HelloWorldImpl());
    TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket(
    SERVER_PORT);
    TNonblockingServer.Args tnbArgs = new TNonblockingServer.Args(
    tnbSocketTransport);
    tnbArgs.processor(tprocessor);
    tnbArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory());
    tnbArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory());
    // 使用非阻塞式IO，服务端和客户端需要指定TFramedTransport数据传输的方式
    TServer server = new TNonblockingServer(tnbArgs);
    server.serve();
    } catch (Exception e) {
    System.out.println("Server start error!!!");
    e.printStackTrace();
    }
    }
    /**
    * @param args
    */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo();
    server.startServer();
    }
    }

    编写客户端Client代码：HelloAsynClientDemo.java

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    package com.micmiu.thrift.demo;
    import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
    import org.apache.thrift.TException;
    import org.apache.thrift.async.AsyncMethodCallback;
    import org.apache.thrift.async.TAsyncClientManager;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
    import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocolFactory;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingSocket;
    import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingTransport;
    import com.micmiu.thrift.demo.HelloWorldService.AsyncClient.sayHello_call;
    /**
    * blog http://www.micmiu.com
    *
    * @author Michael
    *
    */
    public class HelloAsynClientDemo {
    public static final String SERVER_IP = "localhost";
    public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090;
    public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000;
    /**
    *
    * @param userName
    */
    public void startClient(String userName) {
    try {
    TAsyncClientManager clientManager = new TAsyncClientManager();
    TNonblockingTransport transport = new TNonblockingSocket(SERVER_IP,
    SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT);
    TProtocolFactory tprotocol = new TCompactProtocol.Factory();
    HelloWorldService.AsyncClient asyncClient = new HelloWorldService.AsyncClient(
    tprotocol, clientManager, transport);
    System.out.println("Client start .....");
    CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
    AsynCallback callBack = new AsynCallback(latch);
    System.out.println("call method sayHello start ...");
    asyncClient.sayHello(userName, callBack);
    System.out.println("call method sayHello .... end");
    boolean wait = latch.await(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    System.out.println("latch.await =:" + wait);
    } catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    }
    System.out.println("startClient end.");
    }
    public class AsynCallback implements AsyncMethodCallback&lt;sayHello_call&gt; {
    private CountDownLatch latch;
    public AsynCallback(CountDownLatch latch) {
    this.latch = latch;
    }
    @Override
    public void onComplete(sayHello_call response) {
    System.out.println("onComplete");
    try {
    // Thread.sleep(1000L * 1);
    System.out.println("AsynCall result =:"
    + response.getResult().toString());
    } catch (TException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
    latch.countDown();
    }
    }
    @Override
    public void onError(Exception exception) {
    System.out.println("onError :" + exception.getMessage());
    latch.countDown();
    }
    }
    /**
    * @param args
    */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    HelloAsynClientDemo client = new HelloAsynClientDemo();
    client.startClient("Michael");
    }
    }

    先运行服务程序，再运行客户端程序，测试结果如下：

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    Client start .....
    call method sayHello start ...
    call method sayHello .... end
    onComplete
    AsynCall result =:Hi,Michael welcome to my blog www.micmiu.com
    latch.await =:true
    startClient end.

    ————

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