[英语语法]句法之倒装句式与插入语

时间:2024-04-13 17:17:08

本博文源于《语法知识清单》,今天讲述句法中的倒装句式与插入语。

倒装句式

主语和谓语有两种顺序:主语在前称为自然语序;反之,如果谓语在主语前面,称为倒装语序。倒装的形式有两种:部分倒装和全部倒装。有时把强调的内容提至句首,称为形式倒装。

部分倒装

部分倒装是指谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词、连系动词be)移至主语之前,谓语的其他部分保留在主语的后面。如果谓语部分无上述三种动词则需找助动词do、did、does来“帮助”它构成倒装句。主从复合句中主句倒装,从句不倒装。

only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时

  • Only recently have I had time to read the book.
  • Only with more practice can you pass the driving test.

具有否定意义或半否定意义的副词以及含有否定词的介词短语,固定搭配放于句首时,句子需部分倒装。

  • by no means 一点也不
  • not 不
  • hardly 几乎不
  • little 很少
  • never 从不

例句:

  1. Seldom do barking dog bite.
  2. By no means should we look down upon the people who get the lower questions than us.

not only…but also…“不仅…而且…”.not only所在分词要部分倒装,but also所在的分句不倒装

  • Not only do sharing bicycles provide great convenience for people to travel,but also they can ease traffic pressure.

not until…“直到…才…”.作状语或引导状语从句置于句首时,句子/主句要用部分倒装

  • Not until his fiances are in the bank do I want to got married.

no sooner…than…与hardly/scarcely…when这两种句式要在主句进行倒装,即在no sooner和hardly/scarcely后倒装

  • No sooner had he opened the door than a gust of wind blew the candle out.

so/neither/nor置于句首,表示前面所说的情况也适合另一个人或物。其句型为:so/neither/nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语。so与前面的肯定句呼应,neither/nor与前面的否定句呼应

  • I hadn’t been to Beijing before and neither had he.

neither…nor 连接两个分句时,两个分句都要采用部分倒装

  • Neither was the director for the plan our was he against it.

在so/such…that(如此…以至于)句型中,若so/such…提至句首,则需要部分倒装。在这个句型中,so/such所在的主句倒装,that从句不倒装

  • So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it.

部分倒装用于省略了if的虚拟条件句

含有were,should或had的虚拟条件从句,可以省略if,条件从句使用部分倒装,结构是:Were/should/had + 主语

  • Were I you,I wouldn’t buy the car.

全部倒装(完全倒装)

在全部倒装的句子中,整个谓语部分会放在主语的前面

in,out,up,down,away,off,back,there,here,now,then等副词在句首作状语,谓语动词是come,go,rush,run等时,句子要完全倒装.

Down jumped the man from the horse.

表示地点的介词词组位于句首,谓语动词是be,stand,sit,lie等时,用完全倒装结构

On the ground lay a sick goat.

such置于句首完全倒装

Such are the facts;no one can deny them.

分词/形容词+(地点状语+)be+主语

Seated in the front are the leaders of the school.

形式倒装

形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是,只把需要强调的内容提至句首,主谓并不倒装。

感叹句

  • What a rich breakfast it is!

the+比较级…,the+比较级…句型

  • The higher you climb,the farther you will see.

whatever…/however…引导的让步状语从句

  • However rich people are,they always seem anxious to make more money.

as,though引导让步状语从句时采用形式倒装的情况

表语的倒装
  • Genuis though she was,she was quite unassuming.
谓语的倒装
  • Fail though I did,I would not abandon my goal.
状语的倒装
  • Much though I admire her,I cannot excuse her faults.

插入语

插入语的内容不是很多,都是一些固定句型。了解即可。为什么?因为大家在作长难句翻译的时候,知道如何翻译就行了。
[英语语法]句法之倒装句式与插入语