【原生态】Http请求数据 与 发送数据

时间：2022-04-17 22:46:14

今天项目组小弟居然问我怎么用java访问特定的地址获取数据和发送请求

Http请求都是通过输入输出流来进行操作的，首先要制定GET或者POST，默认是GET，在安全和数据量较大情况下请使用post

根据url建立链接，读取输入输出流，从中取得相应的返回数据，

http是无序的，在安全性极高的地方请使用https，但是https传输效率差不多只是http的1/10，所以除非特别必要，请谨慎选择

我将我以前写的微信开发代码贴一部分出来，这里就有根据地址获取请求数据和向某一个特定端口发送数据

package com.xiao.weixin.service.impl;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.io.OutputStream;

import java.net.HttpURLConnection;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;

import java.net.URL;

import java.security.MessageDigest;

import java.util.Arrays;

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.json.JSONObject;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.xiao.weixin.common.jdbc.DataSource;

import com.xiao.weixin.dao.WeixinApiMapper;

import com.xiao.weixin.entity.AccessToken;

import com.xiao.weixin.service.WeixinApiService;

import com.xiao.weixin.utils.ApiUrl;

import com.xiao.weixin.utils.CommonUtil;

import com.xiao.weixin.utils.DateUtil;

@Service(value = "weixinApiService")

public class WeixinApiServiceImpl implements WeixinApiService {

    private Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WeixinApiServiceImpl.class);

    @Value("${weixin.appID}")

    private String appID;

    @Value("${weixin.appsecret}")

    private String appsecret;

    @Value("${weixin.menu}")

    private String menuString;

    @Value("${weixin.token}")

    private String weixinToken;

    @Resource

    private WeixinApiMapper weixinApiMapper;

    @Override

    @DataSource

    public String getAccessToken() {

        String access_token = null;

        try {

            AccessToken token = weixinApiMapper.findToken();// 数据库查找没过期的token并返回

            if (token != null) {

                access_token = token.getAccessToken();

            }

        } catch (Exception e) {

            log.error("获取accessToken出错");

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

        log.debug("获取到的accessToken是：" + access_token);

        return access_token;

    }

    @Override

    public void refreshAccessToken() {

        log.debug("重新生成accessToken开始");

        try {

            String url = ApiUrl.GET_ACCESSTOKEN.replace("APPID", appID)

                    .replace("APPSECRET", appsecret);

            log.debug("重新获取token的请求地址为：" + url);

            URL urlGet = new URL(url);

            HttpURLConnection http = (HttpURLConnection) urlGet

                    .openConnection();

            http.setRequestMethod("GET");

            http.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",

                    "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

            http.setDoOutput(true);

            http.setDoInput(true);

            System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultConnectTimeout", "30000");

            System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultReadTimeout", "30000");

            http.connect();

            InputStream is = http.getInputStream();

            int size = is.available();

            byte[] jsonBytes = new byte[size];

            is.read(jsonBytes);

            String message = new String(jsonBytes, "UTF-8");

            System.out.println("message:" + message);

            JSONObject json = new JSONObject(message);

            String access_token = json.getString("access_token");

            Integer expiresIn = json.getInt("expires_in");

            log.debug("重新生成accessToken结束   成功");

            // 根据取得的accessToken 来获取jsapi_ticket

            String ticketUrl = ApiUrl.GET_JSAPITICKET.replace("ACCESSTOKEN",

                    access_token);

            log.debug("重新获取jsapi_ticket的请求地址为：" + ticketUrl);

            URL ticketUrlGet = new URL(ticketUrl);

            HttpURLConnection tickeHttp = (HttpURLConnection) ticketUrlGet

                    .openConnection();

            tickeHttp.setRequestMethod("GET");

            tickeHttp.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",

                    "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

            tickeHttp.setDoOutput(true);

            tickeHttp.setDoInput(true);

            System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultConnectTimeout", "30000");

            System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultReadTimeout", "30000");

            tickeHttp.connect();

            InputStream tickeIs = tickeHttp.getInputStream();

            byte[] tickeJsonBytes = new byte[tickeIs.available()];

            tickeIs.read(tickeJsonBytes);

            String tickeMessage = new String(tickeJsonBytes, "UTF-8");

            System.out.println("message:" + message);

            JSONObject ticketJson = new JSONObject(tickeMessage);

            String ticket = ticketJson.getString("ticket");

            AccessToken accessToken = new AccessToken();

            accessToken.setAppId(appID);

            accessToken.setSecret(appsecret);

            accessToken.setAccessToken(access_token);

            accessToken.setJsApiTicket(ticket);

            accessToken.setExpireTime(DateUtil.getExpiresTime(expiresIn));

            accessToken.setCreateTime(new Date());

            weixinApiMapper.insertToken(accessToken);// 将新生成的token保存到数据库

        } catch (Exception e) {

            log.error("获取accessToken出错");

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

    }

    @Override

    public String createMenu() {

        String access_token = getAccessToken();

        String url = ApiUrl.CREATE_MENU.replace("ACCESSTOKEN", access_token);

        log.debug("创建菜单的请求地址为：" + url);

        try {

            log.debug("menuString:" + menuString);

            URL urlPost = new URL(url);

            HttpURLConnection http = (HttpURLConnection) urlPost

                    .openConnection();

            http.setRequestMethod("POST");

            http.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",

                    "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

            http.setDoOutput(true);

            http.setDoInput(true);

            System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultConnectTimeout", "30000");

            System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultReadTimeout", "30000");

            http.connect();

            OutputStream os = http.getOutputStream();

            os.write(menuString.getBytes("UTF-8"));

            os.flush();

            os.close();

            InputStream is = http.getInputStream();

            int size = is.available();

            byte[] jsonBytes = new byte[size];

            is.read(jsonBytes);

            String message = new String(jsonBytes, "UTF-8");

            return message;

        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

            return "-1";

        } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

            return "-1";

        }

    }

    @Override

    public Map<String, String> getSignature(String url) {

        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();

        try {

            String jsapi_ticket = getJsApiTicket();

            String nonceStr = "Wm3WZYTPz0wzccnW";

            long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000;

            map.put("appId", appID);

            map.put("timestamp", timestamp + "");

            map.put("nonceStr", nonceStr);

            String[] paramArr = new String[] { "jsapi_ticket=" + jsapi_ticket,

                    "timestamp=" + timestamp, "noncestr=" + nonceStr,

                    "url=" + url };

            Arrays.sort(paramArr);

            String content = paramArr[0].concat("&" + paramArr[1])

                    .concat("&" + paramArr[2]).concat("&" + paramArr[3]);

            log.debug("拼接之后的content为:" + content);

            MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");

            byte[] digest = md.digest(content.toString().getBytes());

            String gensignature = CommonUtil.byteToStr(digest);

            map.put("signature", gensignature);

            return map;

        } catch (Exception e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

            log.error("获取JSAPI签名信息失败,错误信息：" + e);

            return null;

        }

    }

    @Override

    public String getJsApiTicket() {

        String jsApiTicket = null;

        try {

            AccessToken token = weixinApiMapper.findToken();// 数据库查找没过期的token并返回

            if (token != null) {

                jsApiTicket = token.getJsApiTicket();

            }

        } catch (Exception e) {

            log.error("获取jsApiTicket出错");

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

        log.debug("获取到的jsApiTicket是：" + jsApiTicket);

        return jsApiTicket;

    }

}

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