gdb调试多进程和多线程命令

时间:2023-02-01 16:40:59
1. 默认设置下,在调试多进程程序时GDB只会调试主进程。但是GDB(>V7.0)支持多进程的 分别以及同时 调试,换句话说,GDB可以同时调试多个程序。只需要设置follow-fork-mode(默认值:parent)和detach-on-fork(默认值:on)即可。
      follow-fork-mode  detach-on-fork   说明
parent                   on               只调试主进程(GDB默认)
child                     on               只调试子进程
parent                   off              同时调试两个进程,gdb跟主进程,子进程block在fork位置
child                     off              同时调试两个进程,gdb跟子进程,主进程block在fork位置
   设置方法:set follow-fork-mode [parent|child]   set detach-on-fork [on|off]

   查询正在调试的进程:info inferiors
   切换调试的进程: inferior <infer number>
   添加新的调试进程: add-inferior [-copies n] [-exec executable] ,可以用file executable来分配给inferior可执行文件。
   其他:remove-inferiors infno, detach inferior

2. GDB默认支持调试多线程,跟主线程,子线程block在create thread。
   查询线程:info threads
   切换调试线程:thread <thread number>

例程:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>

void processA();
void processB();
void * processAworker(void *arg);

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
  {
  int pid;

  pid = fork();

  if(pid != 0)
    processA();
  else
    processB();

  return 0;
  }

void processA()
  {
  pid_t pid = getpid();
  char prefix[] = "ProcessA: ";
  char tprefix[] = "thread ";
  int tstatus;
  pthread_t pt;

  printf("%s%lu %s\n", prefix, pid, "step1");

  tstatus = pthread_create(&pt, NULL, processAworker, NULL);
  if( tstatus != 0 )
    {
    printf("ProcessA: Can not create new thread.");
    }
 
  processAworker(NULL);
  sleep(1);
  }

void * processAworker(void *arg)
  {
  pid_t pid = getpid();
  pthread_t tid = pthread_self();
  char prefix[] = "ProcessA: ";
  char tprefix[] = "thread ";

  printf("%s%lu %s%lu %s\n", prefix, pid, tprefix, tid, "step2");
  printf("%s%lu %s%lu %s\n", prefix, pid, tprefix, tid, "step3");

  return NULL;
  }

void processB()
  {
  pid_t pid = getpid();
  char prefix[] = "ProcessB: ";
  printf("%s%lu %s\n", prefix, pid, "step1");
  printf("%s%lu %s\n", prefix, pid, "step2");
  printf("%s%lu %s\n", prefix, pid, "step3");

  }

输出:
[cnwuwil@centos c-lab]$ ./test
ProcessA: 802 step1
ProcessB: 803 step1
ProcessB: 803 step2
ProcessB: 803 step3
ProcessA: 802 thread 3077555904 step2
ProcessA: 802 thread 3077555904 step3
ProcessA: 802 thread 3077553008 step2
ProcessA: 802 thread 3077553008 step3

调试:
1. 调试主进程,block子进程。
(gdb) set detach-on-fork off
(gdb) show detach-on-fork
Whether gdb will detach the child of a fork is off.
(gdb) catch fork
Catchpoint 1 (fork)
(gdb) r
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]

Catchpoint 1 (forked process 3475), 0x00110424 in __kernel_vsyscall ()
Missing separate debuginfos, use: debuginfo-install glibc-2.12-1.47.el6.i686
(gdb) break test.c:14
Breakpoint 2 at 0x8048546: file test.c, line 14.
(gdb) cont
[New process 3475]
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]

Breakpoint 2, main (argc=1, argv=0xbffff364) at test.c:14
Missing separate debuginfos, use: debuginfo-install glibc-2.12-1.47.el6.i686
(gdb) info inferiors
  Num  Description       Executable       
  2    process 3475      /home/cnwuwil/labs/c-lab/test
* 1    process 3472      /home/cnwuwil/labs/c-lab/test

2. 切换到子进程:
(gdb) inferior 2
[Switching to inferior 2 [process 3475] (/home/cnwuwil/labs/c-lab/test)]
[Switching to thread 2 (Thread 0xb7fe86c0 (LWP 3475))]
#0  0x00110424 in ?? ()
(gdb) info inferiors
  Num  Description       Executable       
* 2    process 3475      /home/cnwuwil/labs/c-lab/test
  1    process 3472      /home/cnwuwil/labs/c-lab/test
(gdb) inferior 1
[Switching to inferior 1 [process 3472] (/home/cnwuwil/labs/c-lab/test)]
[Switching to thread 1 (Thread 0xb7fe86c0 (LWP 3472))]
#0  main (argc=1, argv=0xbffff364) at test.c:14
(gdb) info inferiors
  Num  Description       Executable       
  2    process 3475      /home/cnwuwil/labs/c-lab/test
* 1    process 3472      /home/cnwuwil/labs/c-lab/test

3. 设断点继续调试主进程,主进程产生两个子线程:
(gdb) break test.c:50
Breakpoint 3 at 0x804867d: file test.c, line 50. (2 locations)
(gdb) cont
ProcessA: 3472 step1
[New Thread 0xb7fe7b70 (LWP 3562)]
ProcessA: 3472 thread 3086911168 step2

Breakpoint 3, processAworker (arg=0x0) at test.c:50
(gdb) info inferiors
  Num  Description       Executable       
  2    process 3475      /home/cnwuwil/labs/c-lab/test
* 1    process 3472      /home/cnwuwil/labs/c-lab/test
(gdb) info threads
  3 Thread 0xb7fe7b70 (LWP 3562)  0x00110424 in __kernel_vsyscall ()
  2 Thread 0xb7fe86c0 (LWP 3475)  0x00110424 in ?? ()
* 1 Thread 0xb7fe86c0 (LWP 3472)  processAworker (arg=0x0) at test.c:50

4. 切换到主进程中的子线程,注意:线程2为前面产生的子进程
(gdb) thread 3
[Switching to thread 3 (Thread 0xb7fe7b70 (LWP 3562))]#0  0x00110424 in __kernel_vsyscall ()
(gdb) cont
ProcessA: 3472 thread 3086911168 step3
ProcessA: 3472 thread 3086908272 step2
[Switching to Thread 0xb7fe7b70 (LWP 3562)]

Breakpoint 3, processAworker (arg=0x0) at test.c:50
(gdb) info threads
* 3 Thread 0xb7fe7b70 (LWP 3562)  processAworker (arg=0x0) at test.c:50
  2 Thread 0xb7fe86c0 (LWP 3475)  0x00110424 in ?? ()
  1 Thread 0xb7fe86c0 (LWP 3472)  0x00110424 in __kernel_vsyscall ()
(gdb) thread 1


http://hi.baidu.com/hcq11/blog/item/9f5bfc6e696209d680cb4a25.html 

http://hi.baidu.com/litto/blog/item/759389dd198111375882dd1e.html 

http://blogold.chinaunix.net/u3/94700/showart_2389432.html   <推荐阅读>

 

先介绍一下GDB多线程调试的基本命令。

info threads 显示当前可调试的所有线程,每个线程会有一个GDB为其分配的ID,后面操作线程的时候会用到这个ID。 前面有*的是当前调试的线程。

thread ID 切换当前调试的线程为指定ID的线程。

break thread_test.c:123 thread all 在所有线程中相应的行上设置断点

thread apply ID1 ID2 command 让一个或者多个线程执行GDB命令command。 

thread apply all command 让所有被调试线程执行GDB命令command。

set scheduler-locking off|on|step 估计是实际使用过多线程调试的人都可以发现,在使用step或者continue命令调试当前被调试线程的时候,其他线程也是同时执行的,怎么只让被调试程序执行呢?通过这个命令就可以实现这个需求。off 不锁定任何线程,也就是所有线程都执行,这是默认值。 on 只有当前被调试程序会执行。 step 在单步的时候,除了next过一个函数的情况(熟悉情况的人可能知道,这其实是一个设置断点然后continue的行为)以外,只有当前线程会执行。

 

gdb对于多线程程序的调试有如下的支持:

  • 线程产生通知:在产生新的线程时, gdb会给出提示信息

(gdb) r
Starting program: /root/thread 
[New Thread 1073951360 (LWP 12900)] 
[New Thread 1082342592 (LWP 12907)]---以下三个为新产生的线程
[New Thread 1090731072 (LWP 12908)]
[New Thread 1099119552 (LWP 12909)]

  • 查看线程:使用info threads可以查看运行的线程。

(gdb) info threads
  Thread 1099119552 (LWP 12940)   0xffffe002 in ?? ()
  3 Thread 1090731072 (LWP 12939)   0xffffe002 in ?? ()
  2 Thread 1082342592 (LWP 12938)   0xffffe002 in ?? ()
1 Thread 1073951360 (LWP 12931)   main (argc=1, argv=0xbfffda04) at thread.c:21
(gdb)

注意,行首的蓝色文字为gdb分配的线程号,对线程进行切换时,使用该该号码,而不是上文标出的绿色数字。

另外,行首的红色星号标识了当前活动的线程

  • 切换线程:使用 thread THREADNUMBER 进行切换,THREADNUMBER 为上文提到的线程号。下例显示将活动线程从 1 切换至 4。

(gdb) info threads
   4 Thread 1099119552 (LWP 12940)   0xffffe002 in ?? ()
   3 Thread 1090731072 (LWP 12939)   0xffffe002 in ?? ()
   2 Thread 1082342592 (LWP 12938)   0xffffe002 in ?? ()
* 1 Thread 1073951360 (LWP 12931)   main (argc=1, argv=0xbfffda04) at thread.c:21
(gdb) thread 4
[Switching to thread 4 (Thread 1099119552 (LWP 12940))]#0   0xffffe002 in ?? ()
(gdb) info threads
* 4 Thread 1099119552 (LWP 12940)   0xffffe002 in ?? ()
   3 Thread 1090731072 (LWP 12939)   0xffffe002 in ?? ()
   2 Thread 1082342592 (LWP 12938)   0xffffe002 in ?? ()
   1 Thread 1073951360 (LWP 12931)   main (argc=1, argv=0xbfffda04) at thread.c:21
(gdb)

 

后面就是直接在你的线程函数里面设置断点,然后continue到那个断点,一般情况下多线程的时候,由于是同时运行的,最好设置 set scheduler-locking on

这样的话,只调试当前线程