Java 实现多线程的几种方式汇总

时间:2021-09-21 15:39:09

我们先来看段示例代码

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import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
 
public class Main {
 
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    //方法一:继承Thread
    int i = 0;
//    for(; i < 100; i++){
//      System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + i);
//      if (i == 5) {
//        ThreadExtendsThread threadExtendsThread = new ThreadExtendsThread();
//        threadExtendsThread.start();
//      }
//    }
    
    //方法二:实现Runnable
//    for(i = 0; i < 100; i++){
//      System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + i);
//      if (i == 5) {
//        Runnable runnable = new ThreadImplementsRunnable();
//        new Thread(runnable).start();
//        new Thread(runnable).start();
//      }
//    }
 
    //方法三:实现Callable接口
    Callable<Integer> callable = new ThreadImplementsCallable();
    FutureTask<Integer> futureTask = new FutureTask<>(callable);
    for(i = 0; i < 100; i++){
      System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + i);
      if (i == 5) {
        new Thread(futureTask).start();
        new Thread(futureTask).start();
      }
    }
    try {
      System.out.println("futureTask ruturn: " + futureTask.get());
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
 
}

接下来我们来详细探讨下Java 实现多线程的几种方式

方法一,继承自Thread

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public class ThreadExtendsThread extends Thread {
  private int i;
  @Override
  public void run() {
    for(; i < 100; i++) {
      System.out.println(getName() + " " + i);
    }
  }
}

run方法为线程执行体,ThreadExtendsThread对象即为线程对象。

方法二,实现Runnable接口

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public class ThreadImplementsRunnable implements Runnable {
  private int i;
  @Override
  public void run() {
    for(; i < 100; i++){
      System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + i);
    }
  }
}

run方法为线程执行体,使用时New一个Thread对象,Runnable对象作为target传递给Thread对象。且同一个Runnable对象可作为多个Thread的target,这些线程均共享Runnable对象的实例变量。

方法三,实现Callable接口

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import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
 
public class ThreadImplementsCallable implements Callable<Integer> {
  private int i;
  
  @Override
  public Integer call() throws Exception {
    for(; i < 100; i++){
      System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + i);
    }
    return i;
  }
}

Callable接口类似于Runnable接口,但比对方强大,线程执行体为call方法,该方法具有返回值和可抛出异常。使用时将Callable对象包装为FutureTask对象,通过泛型指定返回值类型。可稍候调用FutureTask的get方法取回执行结果。