ubuntu下 GCC编译程序出现 undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::Init()'问题

时间:2021-10-12 05:29:54

在ubuntu vim下编辑如下代码(代码来自《C++标准程序库》p107):

  
  
  
#include < iostream >
#include
< vector >
#include
< string >
#include
< algorithm >
#include
< iterator >

using namespace std;

int main()
{
vector
< string > coll;

/* read all words from the standard input
* - source: all strings until end-of-file (or erro)
* - destination: coll(inserting)
*/
copy (istream_iterator
< string > (cin), // start of source
istream_iterator < string > (), // end of source
back_inserter(coll));

// sort elements
sort (coll.begin(), coll.end());

/* print all elements without duplicates
* - source: coll
* - destination: standard output (with newline between elements)
*/
unique_copy (coll.begin(), coll.end(),
// source
ostream_iterator < string > (cout, " \n " )); // destination
return 0 ;
}

使用GCC编译后出现下列可怕的问题:

  
  
  
hello.o: In function `main ' :
hello.cpp:(.text + 0x41 ): undefined reference to `std::cin '
hello.cpp:(.text + 0xd1 ): undefined reference to `std::cout '
hello.o: In function `__static_initialization_and_destruction_0( int , int ) ' :
hello.cpp:(.text + 0x19e ): undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::Init() '
hello.cpp:(.text + 0x1a3 ): undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init:: ~ Init() '
hello.o: In function `std::istream_iterator < std::basic_string < char , std::char_traits < char > , std::allocator < char > > , char , std::char_traits < char > , int > :: ~ istream_iterator() ' :
hello.cpp:(.text._ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiED2Ev[_ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiED5Ev] + 0x10 ): undefined reference to `std::basic_string < char , std::char_traits < char > , std::allocator < char > > :: ~ basic_string() '
hello.o: In function `std::istream_iterator < std::basic_string < char , std::char_traits < char > , std::allocator < char > > , char , std::char_traits < char > , int > ::istream_iterator(std::basic_istream < char , std::char_traits < char > >& ) ' :
hello.cpp:(.text._ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiEC2ERSi[_ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiEC5ERSi] + 0x24 ): undefined reference to `std::basic_string < char , std::char_traits < char > , std::allocator < char > > ::basic_string() '
hello.cpp:(.text._ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiEC2ERSi[_ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiEC5ERSi] + 0x41 ): undefined reference to `std::basic_string < char , std::char_traits < char > , std::allocator < char > > :: ~ basic_string() '
hello.o: In function `std::istream_iterator < std::basic_string < char , std::char_traits < char > , std::allocator < char > > , char , std::char_traits < char > , int > ::istream_iterator() ' :
hello.cpp:(.text._ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiEC2Ev[_ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiEC5Ev] + 0x24 ): undefined reference to `std::basic_string < char , std::char_traits < char > , std::allocator < char > > ::basic_string() '
hello.o: In function `std::istream_iterator < std::basic_string < char , std::char_traits < char > , std::allocator < char > > , char , std::char_traits < char > , int > ::istream_iterator(std::istream_iterator < std::basic_string < char , std::char_traits < char > , std::allocator < char > > , char , std::char_traits < char > , int > const & ) ' :
hello.cpp:(.text._ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiEC2ERKS2_[_ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiEC5ERKS2_] + 0x2f ): undefined reference to `std::basic_string < char , std::char_traits < char > , std::allocator < char > > ::basic_string(std::basic_string < char , std::char_traits < char > , std::allocator < char > > const & ) '
hello.o: In function `std::istream_iterator < std::basic_string < char , std::char_traits < char > , std::allocator < char > > , char , std::char_traits < char > , int > ::_M_read() ' :
hello.cpp:(.text._ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiE7_M_readEv[std::istream_iterator < std::basic_string < char , std::char_traits < char > , std::allocator < char > > , char , std::char_traits < char > , int > ::_M_read()] + 0x29 ): undefined reference to `std::basic_ios < char , std::char_traits < char > > :: operator void * () const '
hello.cpp:(.text._ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiE7_M_readEv[std::istream_iterator < std::basic_string < char , std::char_traits < char > , std::allocator < char > > , char , std::char_traits < char > , int > ::_M_read()] + 0x61 ): undefined reference to `std::basic_istream < char , std::char_traits < char > >& std:: operator >>< char , std::char_traits < char > , std::allocator < char > > (std::basic_istream < char , std::char_traits < char > >& , std::basic_string < char , std::char_traits < char > , std::allocator < char > >& ) '
hello.cpp:(.text._ZNSt16istream_iteratorISscSt11char_traitsIcEiE7_M_readEv[std::istream_iterator < std::basic_string < char , std::char_traits < char > , std::allocator < char > > , char , std::char_traits < char > , int > ::_M_read()] + 0x7f ): undefined reference to `std::basic_ios < char , std::char_traits < char > > :: operator void * () const '
hello.o: In function ` void std::__insertion_sort < __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator < std::basic_string < char , std::char_traits < char > , std::allocator < char > >* , std::vector < std::basic_string < char , std::char_traits < char > , std::allocator < char > > , std::allocator < std::basic_string < char , std::char_traits < char > , std::allocator < char > > > > > > (__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator < std::basic_string < char , std::char_traits < char > , std::allocator < char > >* , std::vector < std::basic_string < char , std::char_traits < char > , std::allocator < char > > , std::allocator < std::basic_string < char , std::char_traits < char > ,
……

但是使用Code::Blocks编译、链接可以通过,不解,上网搜了一下。

网上的解释是:“ you need to add -lstdc++, or use 'g++' rather than 'gcc' as your driver program.”,也就是说如果想要使用g++编译程序的话,那么链接时需要添加“-Istdc++”。

我试了一下 , 在链接时加上"-Istdc++",就没有问题了。

关于g++,让我想起了,在ubuntu下一开始安装完code::blocks的时候,提示需要安装g++。原来code::blocks内置编译器使用的是g++,但是为什么在建工程的时候,提示使用的编译器是gcc呢??

这就引来了一个问题:“gcc和g++的区别和联系是什么?”网上搜了一下“gcc和g++”(http://www.yuanma.org/data/2007/0406/article_2498.htm),整理下来有这么几条是有用的:

(1)gcc和g++都是GNU(组织)的一个编译器。

(2)后缀名为.c的程序和.cpp的程序g++都会当成是c++的源程序来处理。而gcc不然,gcc会把.c的程序处理成c程序。

(3)对于.cpp的程序,编译可以用gcc/g++,而链接可以用g++或者gcc -lstdc++。(个人觉得这条是最重要的)

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