思路
选定起始人 选一个关注数或者粉丝数多的大V作为爬虫起始点
获取粉丝和关注列表 通过知乎接口获得该大V的粉丝列表和关注列表
获取列表用户信息 获取列表每个用户的详细信息
获取每个用户的粉丝和关注 进一步对列表中的每个用户 获取他们的粉丝和关注列表实现递归爬取
起始点 https://www.zhihu.com/people/excited-vczh/answers
抓取信息
个人信息
关注列表 ajax请求
代码实现
./items.py文件
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html from scrapy import Item, Field class UserItem(Item):
# define the fields for your item here like:
id = Field()
name = Field()
avatar_url = Field()
headline = Field()
description = Field()
url = Field()
url_token = Field()
gender = Field()
cover_url = Field()
type = Field()
badge = Field() answer_count = Field()
articles_count = Field()
commercial_question_count = Field()
favorite_count = Field()
favorited_count = Field()
follower_count = Field()
following_columns_count = Field()
following_count = Field()
pins_count = Field()
question_count = Field()
thank_from_count = Field()
thank_to_count = Field()
thanked_count = Field()
vote_from_count = Field()
vote_to_count = Field()
voteup_count = Field()
following_favlists_count = Field()
following_question_count = Field()
following_topic_count = Field()
marked_answers_count = Field()
mutual_followees_count = Field()
hosted_live_count = Field()
participated_live_count = Field() locations = Field()
educations = Field()
employments = Field()
./middlewares.py文件
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Define here the models for your spider middleware
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html from scrapy import signals class ZhihuSpiderMiddleware(object):
# Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
# scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the
# passed objects. @classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
# This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
s = cls()
crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
return s def process_spider_input(response, spider):
# Called for each response that goes through the spider
# middleware and into the spider. # Should return None or raise an exception.
return None def process_spider_output(response, result, spider):
# Called with the results returned from the Spider, after
# it has processed the response. # Must return an iterable of Request, dict or Item objects.
for i in result:
yield i def process_spider_exception(response, exception, spider):
# Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method
# (from other spider middleware) raises an exception. # Should return either None or an iterable of Response, dict
# or Item objects.
pass def process_start_requests(start_requests, spider):
# Called with the start requests of the spider, and works
# similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except
# that it doesn’t have a response associated. # Must return only requests (not items).
for r in start_requests:
yield r def spider_opened(self, spider):
spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)
./pipelines.py文件
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import pymongo class ZhihuPipeline(object):
def process_item(self, item, spider):
return item class MongoPipeline(object):
collection_name = 'users' def __init__(self, mongo_uri, mongo_db):
self.mongo_uri = mongo_uri
self.mongo_db = mongo_db @classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
return cls(
mongo_uri=crawler.settings.get('MONGO_URI'),
mongo_db=crawler.settings.get('MONGO_DATABASE')
) def open_spider(self, spider):
self.client = pymongo.MongoClient(self.mongo_uri)
self.db = self.client[self.mongo_db] def close_spider(self, spider):
self.client.close() def process_item(self, item, spider):
self.db[self.collection_name].update({'url_token': item['url_token']}, dict(item), True)
return item
./settings.py文件
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Scrapy settings for zhihuuser project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
# http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html BOT_NAME = 'zhihuuser' SPIDER_MODULES = ['zhihuuser.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'zhihuuser.spiders' # Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
# USER_AGENT = 'zhihu (+http://www.yourdomain.com)' # Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False # Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32 # Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
# DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16 # Disable cookies (enabled by default)
# COOKIES_ENABLED = False # Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
# TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False # Override the default request headers:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36',
'authorization': 'oauth c3cef7c66a1843f8b3a9e6a1e3160e20',
} # Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
# SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'zhihuuser.middlewares.ZhihuSpiderMiddleware': 543,
# } # SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'scrapy_splash.SplashDeduplicateArgsMiddleware': 100,
# } # Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'zhihuuser.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
# } # DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'scrapy_splash.SplashCookiesMiddleware': 723,
# 'scrapy_splash.SplashMiddleware': 725,
# 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware': 810,
# } # Enable or disable extensions
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
# EXTENSIONS = {
# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
# } # Configure item pipelines
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'zhihuuser.pipelines.MongoPipeline': 300,
# 'scrapy_redis.pipelines.RedisPipeline': 301
} # Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
# AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
# AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
# AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
# AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
# AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False # Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
# HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
# HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
# HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
# HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
# HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage' # DUPEFILTER_CLASS = 'scrapy_splash.SplashAwareDupeFilter'
# HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy_splash.SplashAwareFSCacheStorage' # SPLASH_URL = 'http://192.168.99.100:8050' MONGO_URI = 'localhost'
MONGO_DATABASE = 'zhihu' # SCHEDULER = "scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler" # DUPEFILTER_CLASS = "scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter" # SCHEDULER_FLUSH_ON_START = True
./spiders文件夹下 zhihu.py文件
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import json from scrapy import Spider, Request
from zhihuuser.items import UserItem class ZhihuSpider(Spider):
name = "zhihu"
allowed_domains = ["www.zhihu.com"]
user_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/{user}?include={include}'
follows_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/{user}/followees?include={include}&offset={offset}&limit={limit}'
followers_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/{user}/followers?include={include}&offset={offset}&limit={limit}'
start_user = 'excited-vczh'
user_query = 'locations,employments,gender,educations,business,voteup_count,thanked_Count,follower_count,following_count,cover_url,following_topic_count,following_question_count,following_favlists_count,following_columns_count,answer_count,articles_count,pins_count,question_count,commercial_question_count,favorite_count,favorited_count,logs_count,marked_answers_count,marked_answers_text,message_thread_token,account_status,is_active,is_force_renamed,is_bind_sina,sina_weibo_url,sina_weibo_name,show_sina_weibo,is_blocking,is_blocked,is_following,is_followed,mutual_followees_count,vote_to_count,vote_from_count,thank_to_count,thank_from_count,thanked_count,description,hosted_live_count,participated_live_count,allow_message,industry_category,org_name,org_homepage,badge[?(type=best_answerer)].topics'
follows_query = 'data[*].answer_count,articles_count,gender,follower_count,is_followed,is_following,badge[?(type=best_answerer)].topics'
followers_query = 'data[*].answer_count,articles_count,gender,follower_count,is_followed,is_following,badge[?(type=best_answerer)].topics' def start_requests(self):
yield Request(self.user_url.format(user=self.start_user, include=self.user_query), self.parse_user)
yield Request(self.follows_url.format(user=self.start_user, include=self.follows_query, limit=20, offset=0),
self.parse_follows)
yield Request(self.followers_url.format(user=self.start_user, include=self.followers_query, limit=20, offset=0),
self.parse_followers) def parse_user(self, response):
result = json.loads(response.text)
item = UserItem() for field in item.fields:
if field in result.keys():
item[field] = result.get(field)
yield item yield Request(
self.follows_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.follows_query, limit=20, offset=0),
self.parse_follows) yield Request(
self.followers_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.followers_query, limit=20, offset=0),
self.parse_followers) def parse_follows(self, response):
results = json.loads(response.text) if 'data' in results.keys():
for result in results.get('data'):
yield Request(self.user_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.user_query),
self.parse_user) if 'paging' in results.keys() and results.get('paging').get('is_end') == False:
next_page = results.get('paging').get('next')
yield Request(next_page,
self.parse_follows) def parse_followers(self, response):
results = json.loads(response.text) if 'data' in results.keys():
for result in results.get('data'):
yield Request(self.user_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.user_query),
self.parse_user) if 'paging' in results.keys() and results.get('paging').get('is_end') == False:
next_page = results.get('paging').get('next')
yield Request(next_page,
self.parse_followers)
最后运行zhihu.py爬虫脚本 再查看MongoDB数据库中的数据 知乎用户信息数据采集就完成了。
那些步骤不理解的 欢迎下方留言