![LeetCode: LRU Cache [146] LeetCode: LRU Cache [146]](https://image.shishitao.com:8440/aHR0cHM6Ly9ia3FzaW1nLmlrYWZhbi5jb20vdXBsb2FkL2NoYXRncHQtcy5wbmc%2FIQ%3D%3D.png?!?w=700&webp=1)
【题目】
Design and implement a data structure for Least Recently Used (LRU) cache. It should support the following operations: get
and set
.
get(key)
- Get the value (will always be positive) of the key if the
key exists in the cache, otherwise return -1.set(key, value)
- Set or insert the value if the key is not already
present. When the cache reached its capacity, it should invalidate the least recently used item before inserting a new item.
【题意】
实现LRU策略
1. 依据key取value
2. 插入key-value时,须要删除LRU的item
【思路】
维护一个Map记录相应的<key, value>对
为了模拟key的訪问先后关系,须要维护一个訪问次序列表,越靠后的节点,訪问时间距当前时间越短
而在insert或者訪问key的时候,须要从列表中找到相应的key,并把它调整到列表为。
这里遇到两个问题,一个是查找,还有一个是移动到末尾
假设使用顺序表,查找O(n),移动O(n),在cache规模非常大时时间代价过高
因此这里使用双向链表来处理
【代码】
struct Node{
int key;
int val;
Node*prev;
Node*next;
Node(int k, int v): key(k), val(v){
prev=NULL; next=NULL;
}
}; class LRUCache{
private:
Node* head;
Node* tail;
int capacity;
map<int, Node*>cache;
public:
LRUCache(int capacity) {
this->head = NULL;
this->tail = NULL;
this->capacity = capacity;
} void move2tail(Node* node){
if(node==tail)return;
if(node==head){
head = node->next;
head->prev=NULL;
tail->next=node;
node->prev=tail;
tail=node;
tail->next=NULL;
}
else{
node->prev->next = node->next;
node->next->prev = node->prev;
tail->next=node;
node->prev=tail;
tail=node;
tail->next=NULL;
}
} int get(int key) {
if(this->cache.find(key)==this->cache.end())return -1;
move2tail(this->cache[key]);
return this->cache[key]->val;
} void set(int key, int value) {
if(this->cache.find(key)==this->cache.end()){//cache中还没有
if(this->capacity==0){//cache已经满了
//删除头结点
this->cache.erase(head->key);
head=head->next;
if(head)head->prev=NULL;
else tail=NULL;
}
else{//cache还没满
this->capacity--;
}
//加入新节点
Node* newNode=new Node(key, value);
this->cache[key]=newNode;
if(tail){
tail->next=newNode;
newNode->prev=tail;
tail=newNode;
tail->next=NULL;
}
else{
head=tail=newNode;
}
}
else{//cache中已经有了
this->cache[key]->val = value;
move2tail(this->cache[key]);
}
}
};