Netty网络聊天(一) 聊天室实战
之前做过一个IM的项目，里面涉及了基本的聊天功能，所以注意这系列的文章不是练习，不含基础和逐步学习的部分，直接开始实战和思想引导，基础部分需要额外的去补充，我有精力的话可以后续出一系列的文章。
为什么第一篇是聊天室，聊天室是最容易实现的部分。也是IM结构最简单的一部分，其次作单聊和群聊，业务逻辑层层递增，彻底的拿下聊天室的代码，进阶单聊和群聊就很简单了，后续我还会推出直播间的实现。
如果单纯想实现聊天室很简单，但是我尽量会把流程都走全，为了方便理解。
主要由两个功能类实现：初始化类+响应处理类
1、准备工作
添加pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
<version>4.1.2.Final</version>
</dependency>
2、辅助接口实现
辅助接口让服务架构更加清晰，这里有两个接口，一个用来处理Http请求，一个处理Webocket请求。
MyHttpService.java
/** * 处理 http请求 */ public interface MyHttpService { void handleHttpRequest(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest request); } MyWebSocketService.java /** * 处理 WebSocket 请求中的frame */ public interface MyWebSocketService { void handleFrame(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, WebSocketFrame frame); }
那么问题来了，谁来实现这两个类呢，谁来处理这两种请求的分发呢。
下面来看服务响应处理类：
WebSocketServerHandler.java
3、请求处理类
继承SimpleChannelInboundHandler类，实现channelRead0() handlerAdded() handlerRemoved() exceptionCaught()等方法，第一个是必选方法，其他方法供我们做一些标记和后续处理。
WebSocketServerHandler.java
@Slf4j public class WebSocketServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<Object> { private MyHttpService httpService; private MyWebSocketService webSocketService; public static ChannelGroup channels = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE); public WebSocketServerHandler(MyHttpService httpService, MyWebSocketService webSocketService) { super(); this.httpService = httpService; this.webSocketService = webSocketService; } @Override protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { if (msg instanceof FullHttpRequest) { httpService.handleHttpRequest(ctx, (FullHttpRequest) msg); } else if (msg instanceof WebSocketFrame) { webSocketService.handleFrame(ctx, (WebSocketFrame) msg); } } @Override public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { channels.add(ctx.channel()); channels.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(ctx.channel() +"上线了")); } @Override public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { channels.remove(ctx.channel()); channels.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(ctx.channel() +"下线了")); } /** * 发生异常时处理 */ @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { channels.remove(ctx.channel()); ctx.close(); log.info("异常信息：{}",cause.getMessage()); } }
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创建ChannelGroup,来保存每个已经建立连接的channel，在handlerAdded()方法中channels.add(ctx.channel());,相应的在handlerRemoved方法中remove。
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在channelRead0()方法中，实现了对请求的识别和分别处理。
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exceptionCaught()方法为发生异常时处理。
4、初始化类实现
@Slf4j public class WebSocketServer implements MyHttpService, MyWebSocketService { /** * 握手用的 变量 */ private static final AttributeKey<WebSocketServerHandshaker> ATTR_HAND_SHAKER = AttributeKey.newInstance("ATTR_KEY_CHANNEL_ID"); private static final int MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH = 65536; /** * 请求类型常量 */ private static final String WEBSOCKET_UPGRADE = "websocket"; private static final String WEBSOCKET_CONNECTION = "Upgrade"; private static final String WEBSOCKET_URI_ROOT_PATTERN = "ws://%s:%d"; /** * 用户字段 */ private String host; private int port; /** * 保存 所有的连接 */ private Map<ChannelId, Channel> channelMap = new HashMap<>(); private final String WEBSOCKET_URI_ROOT; public WebSocketServer(String host, int port) { this.host = host; this.port = port; // 将 ip 和端口 按照格式 赋值给 uri WEBSOCKET_URI_ROOT = String.format(WEBSOCKET_URI_ROOT_PATTERN, host, port); } public void start(){ // 实例化 nio监听事件池 EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); // 实例化 nio工作线程池 EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); // 启动器 ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(); bootstrap.group(bossGroup,workerGroup); bootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class); bootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() { @Override protected void initChannel(Channel channel) throws Exception { ChannelPipeline pl = channel.pipeline(); // 保存 该channel 到map中 channelMap.put(channel.id(),channel); log.info("new channel {}",channel); channel.closeFuture().addListener((ChannelFutureListener) channelFuture -> { log.info("channel close future {}",channelFuture); //关闭后 从map中移除 channelMap.remove(channelFuture.channel().id()); }); //添加 http 编解码 pl.addLast(new HttpServerCodec()); // 聚合器 pl.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH)); // 支持大数据流 pl.addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler()); // 设置 websocket 服务处理方式 pl.addLast(new WebSocketServerHandler(WebSocketServer.this, WebSocketServer.this)); } }); /** * 实例化完毕后，需要完成端口绑定 */ try { ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.bind(host,port).addListener((ChannelFutureListener) channelFuture1 -> { if (channelFuture1.isSuccess()){ log.info("webSocket started"); } }).sync(); channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().addListener((ChannelFutureListener) channelFuture12 -> log.info("server channel {} closed.", channelFuture12.channel())).sync(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); System.out.println("绑定端口失败"); }finally { bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } log.info("webSocket shutdown"); } @Override public void handleHttpRequest(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest request) { //判断是不是 socket 请求 if (isWebSocketUpgrade(request)){ //如果是webSocket请求 log.info("请求是webSocket协议"); // 获取子协议 String subProtocols = request.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.SEC_WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL); //握手工厂 设置 uri+协议+不允许扩展 WebSocketServerHandshakerFactory handshakerFactory = new WebSocketServerHandshakerFactory(WEBSOCKET_URI_ROOT,subProtocols,false); // 从工厂中实例化一个 握手请求 WebSocketServerHandshaker handshaker = handshakerFactory.newHandshaker(request); if (handshaker == null){ //握手失败：不支持的协议 WebSocketServerHandshakerFactory.sendUnsupportedVersionResponse(ctx.channel()); }else { //响应请求:将 握手转交给 channel处理 handshaker.handshake(ctx.channel(),request); //将 channel 与 handshaker 绑定 ctx.channel().attr(ATTR_HAND_SHAKER).set(handshaker); } return; }else { // 不处理 HTTP 请求 log.info("不处理 HTTP 请求"); } } @Override public void handleFrame(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, WebSocketFrame frame) { /** * text frame handler */ if (frame instanceof TextWebSocketFrame){ String text = ((TextWebSocketFrame) frame).text(); TextWebSocketFrame textWebSocketFrame = new TextWebSocketFrame(text); log.info("receive textWebSocketFrame from channel: {} , 目前一共有{}个在线",ctx.channel(),channelMap.size()); //发给其它的 channel (群聊功能) for (Channel ch: channelMap.values()){ if (ch.equals(ctx.channel())){ continue; } //将 text frame 写出 ch.writeAndFlush(textWebSocketFrame); log.info("消息已发送给{}",ch); log.info("write text: {} to channel: {}",textWebSocketFrame,ctx.channel()); } return; } /** * ping frame , 回复 pong frame */ if (frame instanceof PingWebSocketFrame){ log.info("receive pingWebSocket from channel: {}",ctx.channel()); ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new PongWebSocketFrame(frame.content().retain())); return; } /** * pong frame, do nothing */ if (frame instanceof PongWebSocketFrame){ log.info("receive pongWebSocket from channel: {}",ctx.channel()); return; } /** * close frame, close */ if (frame instanceof CloseWebSocketFrame){ log.info("receive closeWebSocketFrame from channel: {}", ctx.channel()); //获取到握手信息 WebSocketServerHandshaker handshaker = ctx.channel().attr(ATTR_HAND_SHAKER).get(); if (handshaker == null){ log.error("channel: {} has no handShaker", ctx.channel()); return; } handshaker.close(ctx.channel(),((CloseWebSocketFrame) frame).retain()); return; } /** * 剩下的都是 二进制 frame ，忽略 */ log.warn("receive binary frame , ignore to handle"); } /** * 判断是否是 webSocket 请求 */ private boolean isWebSocketUpgrade(FullHttpRequest req) { HttpHeaders headers = req.headers(); return req.method().equals(HttpMethod.GET) && headers.get(HttpHeaderNames.UPGRADE).contains(WEBSOCKET_UPGRADE) && headers.get(HttpHeaderNames.CONNECTION).contains(WEBSOCKET_CONNECTION); } }
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l.addLast(new WebSocketServerHandler(WebSocketServer.this, WebSocketServer.this)); 添加自己的响应处理。WebSocketServerHandler是第二点实现的请求处理类.
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private Map channelMap = new HashMap<>();来将ChannelId和CHannel对应保存。方便后来对应获取。
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bootstrap.bind(host,port)也可以替换成仅bind端口。
public ChannelFuture bind(String inetHost, int inetPort) { return bind(new InetSocketAddress(inetHost, inetPort)); } public synchronized InetAddress anyLocalAddress() { if (anyLocalAddress == null) { anyLocalAddress = new Inet4Address(); // {0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00} anyLocalAddress.holder().hostName = "0.0.0.0"; } return anyLocalAddress; }
它默认会给0.0.0.0端口开放服务。
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handleHttpRequest和handleFrame是MyWebSocketService类的一个实现。
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各个细节都有注释，仔细看注释。
5、启动服务
public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { new WebSocketServer("192.168.1.33",9999).start(); } }
局域网内如何测试?
我用的是npm 的一个serve 服务来搞局域网。
官网介绍：
https://www.npmjs.com/package/serve
React打包注意事项及静态文件服务搭建
这下保证你的手机和电脑都在局域网内，就可以访问你自己的群聊了。
6、前端页面
要送就送一套
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
<style type="text/css">
.talk_con{
width:600px;
height:500px;
border:1px solid #666;
margin:50px auto 0;
background:#f9f9f9;
}
.talk_show{
width:580px;
height:420px;
border:1px solid #666;
background:#fff;
margin:10px auto 0;
overflow:auto;
}
.talk_input{
width:580px;
margin:10px auto 0;
}
.whotalk{
width:80px;
height:30px;
float:left;
outline:none;
}
.talk_word{
width:420px;
height:26px;
padding:0px;
float:left;
margin-left:10px;
outline:none;
text-indent:10px;
}
.talk_sub{
width:56px;
height:30px;
float:left;
margin-left:10px;
}
.atalk{
margin:10px;
}
.atalk span{
display:inline-block;
background:#0181cc;
border-radius:10px;
color:#fff;
padding:5px 10px;
}
.btalk{
margin:10px;
text-align:right;
}
.btalk span{
display:inline-block;
background:#ef8201;
border-radius:10px;
color:#fff;
padding:5px 10px;
}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
//
document.onkeydown = function (ev) {
if (ev && ev.keyCode == 13){
send();
clear();
}
}
var socket;
if (window.WebSocket) {
socket = new WebSocket("ws://192.168.1.33:9999");
// socket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:9999");
// socket = new WebSocket("ws://192.168.43.186:9999");
socket.onmessage = function (ev) {
atalkAppendIn("接收:"+socket.channel + ":" + ev.data)
};
socket.onopen = function () {
btalkAppendIn("连接已建立");
}
socket.onclose = function () {
btalkAppendIn("连接关闭");
};
}else {
alert("浏览器不支持");
}
function send(){
var message = document.getElementById("talkwords");
if (!window.WebSocket){
return
}
if (socket.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN){
socket.send(message.value);
btalkAppendIn("发送:"+ message.value);
clear();
} else {
alert("WebSocket 建立失败");
}
}
function atalkAppendIn(text) {
var append = document.getElementById("words");
append.innerHTML+= '<div class="atalk"><span>'+ text +'</span></div>';
}
function btalkAppendIn(text) {
var append = document.getElementById("words");
append.innerHTML+= '<div class="btalk"><span>'+ text +'</span></div>';
}
function clear () {
var elementById = document.getElementById("talkwords");
elementById.value = "";
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="talk_con">
<div class="talk_show" id="words">
</div>
<div class="talk_input">
<!--<select class="whotalk" id="who">-->
<!--<option value="0">A说：</option>-->
<!--<option value="1">B说：</option>-->
<!--</select>-->
<input type="text" class="talk_word" id="talkwords">
<input type="button" onclick="send()" value="发送" class="talk_sub" id="talksub">
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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socket = new WebSocket("ws://192.168.1.33:9999");
注意这里ip和port与服务一一对应。
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socket.onmessage()是获取socket信息。socket.onopen是创建连接。socket.onclose是关闭连接。socket.send(message.value);是发送socket信息。
控制台输出：
15:12:42.443 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-6] INFO com.fantj.springbootjpa.netty.WebSocketServer - receive textWebSocketFrame from channel: [id: 0x0d08c657, L:/192.168.1.33:9999 - R:/192.168.1.33:50440] , 目前一共有2个在线 15:12:42.443 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-6] INFO com.fantj.springbootjpa.netty.WebSocketServer - 消息已发送给[id: 0xacd5c1ad, L:/192.168.1.33:9999 - R:/192.168.1.33:50438] 15:12:42.444 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-5] DEBUG io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocket08FrameEncoder - Encoding WebSocket Frame opCode=1 length=5 15:12:42.443 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-6] INFO com.fantj.springbootjpa.netty.WebSocketServer - write text: TextWebSocketFrame(data: UnpooledUnsafeHeapByteBuf(ridx: 0, widx: 5, cap: 15)) to channel: [id: 0x0d08c657, L:/192.168.1.33:9999 - R:/192.168.1.33:50440]