ts流中的pcr与pts计算与逆运算
mpeg2ts文件格式中有pcr和pts的概念,其代码含义如下:
PCR(Program Clock Reference)——指示系统时钟本身的瞬时值的时间标签称为节目参考时钟标签(PCR)。
PTS(Presentation Time Stamp)——指示音视频显示时间的时间戳称为显示时间戳(PTS)。
二者的更具体含义可以网上查找资料,本博文的重点不再于此。本博文主题为:利用编码帧bitstream所携带的时间戳,如何换算出ts文件中的pcr和pts值。
1. 一段典型的音视频ts数据包:
AAC: 47 41 E1 3F 07 10 00 F9 F2 B6 FE B3 00 00 01 C0 01 6A 84 80 05 21 07 CF CA DB 。。。(bitstream)。。。
AVC: 47 41 E2 3D 07 10 00 F9 F2 B6 FE B3 00 00 01 E0 98 65 84 80 05 21 07 CF CA DB 。。。(bitstream)。。。
红色的六个字节为pcr值(188Bytes的TS数据包的第7个字节),粉红色的四个半字节为pts值(头的尾部,后面直接跟编码数据)。
2. pcr及pts算法介绍(pcr_val(48b)和pts[32..30..0](33b))
两段典型的示例如下:
时间戳为00:06:04.013(timsUs=364013000)的一帧数据,其pcr的值:00 F9 F2 A9 7E 0D ,其pts[32...0]值为:21 07 CF CA A5
时间戳为00:06:04.034(timsUs=364034000)的一帧数据,其pcr的值:00 F9 F6 59 FE CF ,其pts[32...0]值为:21 07 CF D9 69
其中,编码模块送给封装模块(Android中为MPEG2TSWriter)的编码帧所携带的时间戳并不是“00:06:04.013”形式,而是一个long long型的整数,单位为微秒,例如364013000(代表364.013秒),换算成人容易识别的格式(hh:mm:ss)为:00:06:04.013。
注意,ts在封装时,标准规定了pcr值和pts各个位如何排布(参考下面的pcr_val和pts_val数组,即符合spec规定)。
3. timeUs和pcr之间转换
正向运算:timeUs -> pcr (用于封装)
float tmp = timeUs / 1000000 + (timeUs % 1000000) / 1000 * 0.001; //timeUs以us为单位,tmp以s为单位,即换算成xy.z格式(小数点放在倒数第六个字节前),xy为秒值,z为毫秒值
long long pcr = (long long)(tmp * 27000000.0);
long long pcr_low = pcr % 300LL;
long long pcr_high = pcr / 300LL;
unsigned char pcr_val[6]; //待写到ts文件中的6个字节值
pcr_val[0] = pcr_high>>25;
pcr_val[1] = pcr_high>>17;
pcr_val[2] = pcr_high>>9;
pcr_val[3] = pcr_high>>1;
pcr_val[4] = pcr_high<<7 | pcr_low>>8 | 0x7e;
pcr_val[5] = pcr_low;
逆向运算:pcr -> timeUs (用于解封装时获取时间戳,由已知ts文件算出音视频帧的时间戳)
long long PCR_LOW = pcr_val[5] + ((pcr_val[4]&0x1)<<8);
long long PCR_HIGH = (pcr_val[4]>>7) + (pcr_val[3]<<1) + (pcr_val[2]<<9) + (pcr_val[1]<<17) + (pcr_val[0]<<25);
long long PCR = PCR_HIGH * 300 + PCR_LOW;
float TMS = PCR / 27000000.0;
4. timeUs和pts之间的转换
正向运算:timeUs -> pts
long long pts = timeUs * 9LL / 100LL;
unsigned char pts_val[5];
pts_val[0] = 0x20 | (((pts >> 30) & 7) << 1) | 1;
pts_val[1] = (pts >> 22) & 0xff;
pts_val[2] = (((pts >> 15) & 0x7f) << 1) | 1;
pts_val[3] = (pts >> 7) & 0xff;
pts_val[4] = ((pts & 0x7f) << 1) | 1;
逆向运算:pts -> timeUs
long long PTS = (pts_val[4]>>1) | (pts_val[3]<<7) | (pts_val[2]>>1)<<15 | pts_val[1]<<22 | (pts_val[0]>>1)<<30;
long long TIMEUS = PTS * 100LL / 9LL;
5. 完整demo
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 3 int main(void) 4 { 5 long long timeUs = 364034000; 6 7 float tm = timeUs / 1000000 + (timeUs % 1000000) / 1000 * 0.001; 8 long long pcr = (long long)(tm * 27000000.0); 9 long long pcr_low = pcr % 300LL; 10 long long pcr_high = pcr / 300LL; 11 12 unsigned char pcr_val[6]; 13 pcr_val[0] = pcr_high>>25; 14 pcr_val[1] = pcr_high>>17; 15 pcr_val[2] = pcr_high>>9; 16 pcr_val[3] = pcr_high>>1; 17 pcr_val[4] = pcr_high<<7 | pcr_low>>8 | 0x7e; 18 pcr_val[5] = pcr_low; 19 printf("calculate pcr by timeUs!\n"); 20 printf(" timeUs=%lld us, tm=%f s\n", timeUs, tm); 21 printf(" pcr=%llx, pcr_low=%#llx, pcr_high=%#llx\n", pcr, pcr_low, pcr_high); 22 printf(" pcr_val[0-5]: %#x, %#x, %#x, %#x, %#x, %#x\n", pcr_val[0], pcr_val[1], pcr_val[2], pcr_val[3], pcr_val[4], pcr_val[5]); 23 24 long long PCR_LOW = pcr_val[5] + ((pcr_val[4]&0x1)<<8); 25 long long PCR_HIGH = (pcr_val[4]>>7) + (pcr_val[3]<<1) + (pcr_val[2]<<9) + (pcr_val[1]<<17) + (pcr_val[0]<<25); 26 long long PCR = PCR_HIGH * 300 + PCR_LOW; 27 float TMS = PCR / 27000000.0; 28 printf("revert test by pcr_val[0-5]!\n"); 29 printf(" PCR_LOW=%#llx, PCR_HIGH=%#llx, PCR=%#llx, TMS=%f s\n", PCR_LOW, PCR_HIGH, PCR, TMS); 30 31 printf("---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n"); 32 printf("calculate pts by timeUs!\n"); 33 long long pts = timeUs * 9LL / 100LL; 34 unsigned char pts_val[5]; 35 pts_val[0] = 0x20 | (((pts >> 30) & 7) << 1) | 1; 36 pts_val[1] = (pts >> 22) & 0xff; 37 pts_val[2] = (((pts >> 15) & 0x7f) << 1) | 1; 38 pts_val[3] = (pts >> 7) & 0xff; 39 pts_val[4] = ((pts & 0x7f) << 1) | 1; 40 printf(" pts_val[0-4]: %#x, %#x, %#x, %#x, %#x\n", pts_val[0], pts_val[1], pts_val[2], pts_val[3], pts_val[4]); 41 42 printf("revert test by pts_val[0-4]!\n"); 43 long long PTS = (pts_val[4]>>1) | (pts_val[3]<<7) | (pts_val[2]>>1)<<15 | pts_val[1]<<22 | (pts_val[0]>>1)<<30; 44 long long TIMEUS = PTS * 100LL / 9LL; 45 printf(" PTS=%lld, TIMEUS=%lld\n", PTS, TIMEUS); 46 47 long long PTS_VAL = (1LL * pts_val[0]<<32) + (1LL * pts_val[1]<<24) + (1LL * pts_val[2]<<16) + (1LL * pts_val[3]<<8) + (1LL * pts_val[4]); 48 long long PTS1 = ((PTS_VAL>>1)&0x7f) | ((PTS_VAL>>8)&0xff)<<7 | ((PTS_VAL>>(16+1))&0x7f)<<15 | ((PTS_VAL>>24)&0xff)<<22 | ((PTS_VAL>>(32+1))&7)<<30; 49 long long TIMEUS1 = PTS1 * 100LL / 9LL; 50 printf(" PTS1=%lld, TIMEUS1=%lld\n", PTS1, TIMEUS1); 51 52 return 0; 53 }
运行结果: