写一下Cookie、重定向、Session
Cookie
测试代码,承接前面的代码:
路由: booktest/urls.py
urlpatterns = [
url('^$',views.index), # 路由到views.py中的index()函数
url('^index', views.index, name="index"),
url('^(\d+)$', views.integer),
url('^(?P<p2>\d+)/(?P<p3>\d+)/(?P<p1>\d+)$', views.date),
url('^req$', views.req),
url('^resp$', views.resp),
url('^cookie$', views.cookie),
]
booktest/views.py
def cookie(request):
resp = HttpResponse('cookie')
resp.set_cookie('name', 'zhangsan')
return resp
访问 http://127.0.0.1:8080/booktest/cookie - “查看元素/检查”- “网络”- 左边选择浏览的网页 - 右边查看响应头
此时cookies就保存到浏览器上
然后可以把服务器上的代码set_cookie去掉
def cookie(request):
resp = HttpResponse('cookie')
#resp.set_cookie('name', 'zhangsan')
return resp
访问同一个网页 http://127.0.0.1:8080/booktest/cookie 检查
由于之前的cookies已经保存到浏览器上了,所以现在就把浏览器上的cookie发送到服务端。
接下来需要服务器去接收cookie
路由 booktest/urls.py
urlpatterns = [
url('^$',views.index), # 路由到views.py中的index()函数
url('^index', views.index, name="index"),
url('^(\d+)$', views.integer),
url('^(?P<p2>\d+)/(?P<p3>\d+)/(?P<p1>\d+)$', views.date),
url('^req$', views.req),
url('^resp$', views.resp),
url('^cookie$', views.cookie),
url('^cookie2$', views.cookie2),
]
视图 booktest/views.py
def cookie2(request):
resp = HttpResponse()
cookie = request.COOKIES
if 'name' in cookie:
resp.write(cookie['name'])
return resp
访问http://127.0.0.1:8080/booktest/cookie2 就会把cookie发送到服务器,然后服务器端获取name的值,并显示出来
重定向
重定向是指服务器端跳转。
直接把请求指向另外一个地方
路由 booktest/urls.py
urlpatterns = [
url('^$',views.index), # 路由到views.py中的index()函数
url('^index', views.index, name="index"),
url('^(\d+)$', views.integer),
url('^(?P<p2>\d+)/(?P<p3>\d+)/(?P<p1>\d+)$', views.date),
url('^req$', views.req),
url('^resp$', views.resp),
url('^cookie$', views.cookie),
url('^cookie2$', views.cookie2),
url('^redirect$', views.redirect),
url('^redirect2$', views.redirect2),
]
视图 booktest/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
from django.template import loader, RequestContext
def redirect(request):
return HttpResponseRedirect('/booktest/redirect2') def redirect2(request):
return HttpResponse('这里重定向后的页面')
Session
首先需要打开数据库的功能。
django3/settings.py
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'django3',
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': '',
'HOST': 'localhost',
'PORT': ''
}
}
确保INSTALL_APP中已经打开了session的功能
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'booktest'
)
确保MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES中也添加了SESSION的功能
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
#'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
)
如果要禁用session的话,把上面两个值注释掉就好了
进行迁移。如果没有添加booktest的app,可以使用--empty参数
python manage.py makemigrations --empty booktest
python manage.py migrate
确保数据库中生成django_session表
编写首页
booktest/urls.py
urlpatterns = [
url('^$',views.index), # 路由到views.py中的index()函数
url('^index', views.index, name="index"),
url('^(\d+)$', views.integer),
url('^(?P<p2>\d+)/(?P<p3>\d+)/(?P<p1>\d+)$', views.date),
url('^req$', views.req),
url('^resp$', views.resp),
url('^cookie$', views.cookie),
url('^cookie2$', views.cookie2),
url('^redirect$', views.redirect),
url('^redirect2$', views.redirect2),
url('^session1$', views.session1),
]
booktest/views.py
def session1(request):
uname = None
context = {"uname":uname}
return render(request, 'booktest/session1.html', context)
templates/booktest/session1.html
<body>
欢迎:{{uname}}
<hr/>
<a href="#">登录</a>
<hr/>
<a href="#">退出</a>
</body>
编写登录页面
booktest/urls.py
urlpatterns = [
url('^$',views.index), # 路由到views.py中的index()函数
url('^index', views.index, name="index"),
url('^(\d+)$', views.integer),
url('^(?P<p2>\d+)/(?P<p3>\d+)/(?P<p1>\d+)$', views.date),
url('^req$', views.req),
url('^resp$', views.resp),
url('^cookie$', views.cookie),
url('^cookie2$', views.cookie2),
url('^redirect$', views.redirect),
url('^redirect2$', views.redirect2),
url('^session1$', views.session1),
url('^session2$', views.session2),
]
booktest/views.py
def session2(request):
return render(request, 'booktest/session2.html')
templates/booktest/session1.html
<body>
欢迎:{{uname}}
<hr/>
<a href="/booktest/session2">登录</a>
<hr/>
<a href="#">退出</a>
</body>
templates/booktest/session2.html
<body>
<form method="post" action="/booktest/session2_handler">
<input type="text" name="uname"/>
<input type="submit" value="登录"/>
</form>
</body>
处理登录请求
booktest/urls.py
urlpatterns = [
url('^$',views.index), # 路由到views.py中的index()函数
url('^index', views.index, name="index"),
url('^(\d+)$', views.integer),
url('^(?P<p2>\d+)/(?P<p3>\d+)/(?P<p1>\d+)$', views.date),
url('^req$', views.req),
url('^resp$', views.resp),
url('^cookie$', views.cookie),
url('^cookie2$', views.cookie2),
url('^redirect$', views.redirect),
url('^redirect2$', views.redirect2),
url('^session1$', views.session1),
url('^session2$', views.session2),
url('^session2_handler$', views.session2_handler),
]
booktest/views.py
def session2_handler(request):
post = request.POST
uname = post['uname']
request.session['uname'] = uname
return HttpResponseRedirect('/booktest/session1')
数据库的django_session表中出现了
这里的session_key是故意写的这么复杂,以防重复的。而session_data是经过base64编码的,可以使用 https://base64.supfree.net/ 进行解码
解码后的结果如下:
修改session1,从session中获取值
booktest/views.py
def session1(request):
uname = request.session.get('uname', '未登陆')
context = {"uname":uname}
return render(request, 'booktest/session1.html', context)
登录后,则显示用户名
退出登录
booktest/urls.py
urlpatterns = [
url('^$',views.index), # 路由到views.py中的index()函数
url('^index', views.index, name="index"),
url('^(\d+)$', views.integer),
url('^(?P<p2>\d+)/(?P<p3>\d+)/(?P<p1>\d+)$', views.date),
url('^req$', views.req),
url('^resp$', views.resp),
url('^cookie$', views.cookie),
url('^cookie2$', views.cookie2),
url('^redirect$', views.redirect),
url('^redirect2$', views.redirect2),
url('^session1$', views.session1),
url('^session2$', views.session2),
url('^session2_handler$', views.session2_handler),
url('^session3$', views.session3),
]
booktest/views.py
def session3(request):
request.session['uname'] = None
return HttpResponseRedirect('/booktest/session1')
添加退出登录的链接
templates/booktest/session3.html
<body>
欢迎:{{uname}}
<hr/>
<a href="/booktest/session2">登录</a>
<hr/>
<a href="/booktest/session3">退出</a>
</body>
通过set_expiry()函数设置过期时间。如果没有设置,默认在两个星期后过期
如果你想浏览器退出的时候马上过期,可以设置参数为0
def session2_handler(request):
post = request.POST
uname = post['uname']
request.session['uname'] = uname
request.session.set_expiry(0)
return HttpResponseRedirect('/booktest/session1')
把session保存到redis中
django3/settings.py
SESSION_ENGINE = 'redis_sessions.session'
SESSION_REDIS_HOST = 'localhost'
SESSION_REDIS_PORT = 6379
SESSION_REDIS_DB = 0
SESSION_REDIS_PASSWORD = ''
SESSION_REDIS_PREFIX = 'session'
需要安装插件django-redis-sessions
pip install django-redis-sessions
登录后就可以在redis中查看session的信息了