JavaScript中的继承模式总结

时间:2023-03-09 13:06:08
JavaScript中的继承模式总结

一、总结:

//js中的几种继承
//原型链的问题,包含引用类型的原型属性会被实例共享,子类型无法给超类型传递参数
function SuperType() {
this.colors = ["red","blue","green"];
} function SubType() {
} SubType.prototype = new SuperType();
var instance1 = new SubType();
instance1.colors.push("black");
//alert(instance1.colors);//red,blue,green,black
var instance2 = new SubType();//red,blue,green,black
//alert(instance2.colors);

  

//1.借用构造函数
//在构造函数中定义属性,而不是在原型对象中定义属性
function SuperType() {
this.colors = ["red","blue","green"];
function getColors() {
return colors;
}
} function SubType() {
//每个实例都会有一个colors属性的副本
SuperType.call(this);//构造函数中继承了SuperType
} //SubType.prototype = new SuperType();
//SuperType.prototype.getColors = function() {
// return this.colors;
//};
var instance1 = new SubType();
instance1.colors.push("black");
alert(instance1.colors);//red,blue,green,black
//alert(instance1.getColors());//red,blue,green,black
var instance2 = new SubType();
alert(instance2.colors);//red,blue,green
//alert(instance2.getColors());//red,blue,green

  

//2.组合继承 最常用的继承模式
//也叫伪经典继承,组合了原型链和借用构造函数的技术的一种继承方式
//通过结合构造函数定义属性的方式,还可以为超类型传递参数;采用原型链就不用将方法写在构造函数里面
function SuperType(name) {
this.colors = ["red","blue","green"];
this.name = name;
//alert("我被调用");
} function SubType(name) {
//每个实例都会有一个colors属性的副本
SuperType.call(this,name);//第二次调用SuperType()
} SubType.prototype = new SuperType();//第一次调用SuperType()
SuperType.prototype.getColors = function() {
return this.colors;
};
var instance1 = new SubType("youyi");
//alert(instance1.name);//youyi
var instance2 = new SubType("xiaobai");
//alert(instance2.name);//xiaobai

  

//3.原型式继承
//没有严格意义上的构造函数,借用原型基于已有的对象创建新对象
function object(o) {
function F(){}
F.prototype = o;
return new F();
} //var person = {
// name: "youyi",
// friends: ["小花","小白","小明"]
//};
//
//var anotherPerson1 = object(person);
//anotherPerson1.name = "王宝强";
//anotherPerson1.friends.push("小马");
//
//var anotherPerson2 = object(person);
//anotherPerson2.name = "陈思成";
//anotherPerson2.friends.push("宝宝"); //console.log(person.friends);//["小花", "小白", "小明", "小马", "宝宝"]
//console.log(person.name);//youyi //与object()方法行为相同的object.create()
var person = {
name: "youyi",
friends: ["小花","小白","小明"]
}; var anotherPerson1 = Object.create(person);
anotherPerson1.name = "王宝强";
anotherPerson1.friends.push("小马"); var anotherPerson2 = Object.create(person);
anotherPerson2.name = "陈思成";
anotherPerson2.friends.push("宝宝"); //console.log(person.friends);//["小花", "小白", "小明", "小马", "宝宝"]
console.log(anotherPerson1.name);//王宝强
console.log(person.name);//youyi //object.create()方法的第二个参数是通过自己的描述符定义的,该属性会覆盖原型对象上的同名属性
var person = {
name: "youyi",
friends: ["小花","小白","小明"]
}; var anotherPerson1 = Object.create(person,{
name: {
value: "王宝强"
}
}); anotherPerson1.friends.push("小马"); var anotherPerson2 = Object.create(person);
anotherPerson2.name = "陈思成";
anotherPerson2.friends.push("宝宝");
console.log(person.friends);//["小花", "小白", "小明", "小马", "宝宝"]
console.log(anotherPerson1.name);//王宝强
console.log(person.name);//youyi

  

//4.寄生式继承
//缺点是,因为函数不能复用而降低效率,这点与构造函数模式类似
function createAnother(original) {
var clone = object(original);
//var clone = {};
clone.sayHi = function() {
console.log("hi");
};
return clone;
} //没有严格意义上的构造函数,借用原型基于已有的对象创建新对象
function object(o) {
function F(){}
F.prototype = o;
return new F();
} var person = {
name: "youyi",
friends: ["小花","小白","小明"]
}; var anotherPerson3 = createAnother(person);
anotherPerson3.sayHi();//hi

  

//5.寄生组合式继承
//效率更高的一种继承模式,通过构造函数来继承属性,通过原型链的混成形式来继承方法
//组合继承中会两次调用SuperType()
//寄生组合式继承相当于是对组合继承模式的一种优化 //原理还是要让子类型的原型等于一个超类型的实例
function inheritPrototype(subType,superType) {
var prototype = object(superType.prototype);
prototype.constructor = subType;
subType.prototype = prototype;
} //没有严格意义上的构造函数,借用原型基于已有的对象创建新对象
function object(o) {
function F(){}
F.prototype = o;
return new F();
} function SuperType(name) {
this.colors = ["red","blue","green"];
this.name = name;
alert("我被调用2");
} function SubType(name) {
//每个实例都会有一个colors属性的副本
SuperType.call(this,name);//调用SuperType() 只调用一次
} //SubType.prototype = new SuperType();//第一次调用SuperType()
//优化上面的方法
inheritPrototype(SubType,SuperType); SuperType.prototype.getColors = function() {
return this.colors;
};
var instance1 = new SubType("youyi");
alert(instance1.name);//youyi
//var instance2 = new SubType("xiaobai");
//alert(instance2.name);

  

es6中通过extends实现继承

es5和es6实现继承的区别:es5主要是先创建子类的实例对象的this,然后再将父类方法添加到this上;而es6相反,所以在子类构造函数中必须先调用super,将父类实例对象的属性和方法添加到this上,然后再用子类的构造函数修改this。