大话设计模式C++版——代理模式

时间:2022-05-30 14:56:28

本篇开始前先发个福利,程杰的《大话设计模式》一书高清电子版(带目录)已上传至CSDN,免积分下载。
下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/gufeng99/8843487

代理模式是一种比较简单但却实用的设计模式,他可以灵活的更换代理的对象,但保证功能的完整性,就如卖衣服的代理商,他可以代理美特斯邦威的衣服,如果美特斯邦威的衣服被大家吐槽不好卖了,他还可以换去代理卖佐丹奴的,但不管怎么更换,还是能满足大家的需求——买衣服。
    下面以大话设计模式书中的例子为例,设计一个代理帮小明送花给小红。

1、依据接口编程,设计代理对象的接口

class IPursuit
{
public:
virtual ~IPursuit() {} virtual void SendFlowers() = 0;
};

2、代理类,也继承代理对象类,保持接口一致

class CProxy : public IPursuit
{
public:
CProxy() : m_poIPursuit(NULL) {}
~CProxy()
{
if (m_poIPursuit)
{
delete m_poIPursuit;
m_poIPursuit = NULL;
}
} void SetPursuit(IPursuit* poIPursuit)
{
//如果有旧的代理,要先删除,否则会造成内存泄漏
if (m_poIPursuit)
{
delete m_poIPursuit;
} m_poIPursuit = poIPursuit;
} void SendFlowers()
{
if (m_poIPursuit)
{
printf("Proxy help ");
m_poIPursuit->SendFlowers();
}
} private:
IPursuit* m_poIPursuit;
};

代理类实际上啥也没干,只是对同样的函数调用了一手被代理的对象的对应函数,当了一回二传手的角色。这里要注意代理对象由于会在代理中被释放,所以代理的对象一律必须是new出来的,即需在堆上创建的。
3、被代理对象类

class CPursuit : public IPursuit
{
public:
CPursuit(TString tstrName) : m_tstrName(tstrName) {}
~CPursuit() {} void SendFlowers()
{
_tprintf(_T("%s sent flowers to Xiaohong\n"), m_tstrName.c_str());
} private:
TString m_tstrName;
};

另附上TString宏

#ifdef  UNICODE
#define TString std::wstring
#else
#define TString std::string
#endif

4、测试示例

void	Test()
{
IPursuit* poIXiaoMing = new CPursuit(_T("XiaoMing"));
CProxy oCProxy; oCProxy.SetPursuit(poIXiaoMing);
oCProxy.SendFlowers();
}

5、代理类的应用
    这个例子很形象,但却很难看出代理模式的应用和优点。实际上在《大话设计模式C++版——抽象工厂模式》中有一个操作数据库管理员工信息的例子,由于可能会在使用数据库的过程中切换数据库,如以前用的MySql,可能某个客户要求支持Access,这时就得进行切换了,此时用代理模式一样可以实现。
5.1 代理模式实现员工数据库管理类对数据库的切换

typedef	struct Employee
{
int nID;
TString tstrName;
}; class IEmployee
{
public:
~IEmployee() {} virtual bool InserttoDB(Employee& stEmployee) = 0;
virtual Employee GetEmployee(int nID) = 0;
}; class CProxy : public IEmployee
{
public:
public:
CProxy() : m_poIEmployee(NULL) {}
~CProxy()
{
if (m_poIEmployee)
{
delete m_poIEmployee;
m_poIEmployee = NULL;
}
} void SetEmployee(IEmployee* poIEmployee)
{
if (m_poIEmployee)
{
delete m_poIEmployee;
} m_poIEmployee = poIEmployee;
} bool InserttoDB(Employee& stEmployee)
{
if (m_poIEmployee)
{
return m_poIEmployee->InserttoDB(stEmployee);
} return false;
} Employee GetEmployee(int nID)
{
if (m_poIEmployee)
{
return m_poIEmployee->GetEmployee(nID);
} Employee stEmployee;
return stEmployee;
} private:
IEmployee* m_poIEmployee;
}; class CEmployeefromMysql : public IEmployee
{
public:
bool InserttoDB(Employee& stEmployee)
{
_tprintf(_T("Insert employee %s into mysql\n"), stEmployee.tstrName.c_str());
return true;
} Employee GetEmployee(int nID)
{
Employee stEmployee;
printf("Get an employee from mysql by id %d\n", nID);
return stEmployee;
}
}; class CEmployeefromAccess : public IEmployee
{
public:
bool InserttoDB(Employee& stEmployee)
{
_tprintf(_T("Insert employee %s into access\n"), stEmployee.tstrName.c_str());
return true;
} Employee GetEmployee(int nID)
{
Employee stEmployee;
printf("Get an employee from access by id %d\n", nID);
return stEmployee;
}
};

5.2 使用示例

void	DataBaseTest()
{
IEmployee* poIEmployee = new CEmployeefromMysql();
CProxy oCProxy; oCProxy.SetEmployee(poIEmployee); Employee stEmployee;
stEmployee.nID = 1;
stEmployee.tstrName = _T("Jim"); oCProxy.InserttoDB(stEmployee); //切换数据库对象
poIEmployee = new CEmployeefromAccess(); oCProxy.SetEmployee(poIEmployee);
oCProxy.InserttoDB(stEmployee);
}

从使用示例中就可以看出,代理类支持客户使用过程中动态切换数据库,这是和工厂模式最大的一点不同,特别适用于在经常需要切换类似对象模式的地方。