Python学习day06-Python基础（4）流程控制之while和for循环

时间：2023-03-10 05:15:44
Python学习day06-Python基础（4）流程控制之while和for循环

Python学习day06-流程控制之while和for循环

while循环

1. 语法

  • 循环即是一个重复的过程，让计算机重复性的做一件事情，而while循环就是让计算机重复做一件事情的一种方式，只要条件满足，就不断循环，条件不满足时退出循环，所以又称为条件循环。

2. while+break，while+continue

  • 在循环中，break语句可以提前退出循环，而且不会自动运行下一次循环，而continue则是跳出此次循环，继续进行下一次循环。具体示例如下代码：

    xxxxxxxxxx
    8
    1
    ​
    2
    n = 1
    3
    while n <= 10 :
    4
    print(n,end = '')
    5
    n = n+1
    6
    if n == 5:
    7
    break
    8
    print('END')

    • 这段代码的执行结果就是

      1234END

      显然就是到n == 5的时候遇到了break，会跳出循环，并不在执行。

    再来看一个continue的例子

    xxxxxxxxxx
    7
    1
    n = 1
    2
    while n <= 10 :
    3
    n = n+1
    4
    if n == 5 :
    5
    continue
    6
    print(n)
    7
    print('END')

    • 上面这段代码的运行结果就是

      23467891011END

      显然，没有5，即n = 5的时候执行了continue，跳过了下面的print(n),所以没打印5，但是会继续执行循环，所以5之后的值还是会打印出来。所以continue的作用即是提前结束本轮循环，继续执行下一轮循环。

3. while的嵌套

  • 通常用于多层判断的一些系统，比如银行ATM机取钱存钱的一些命令，内层while嵌套可以实现其退出循环并退出系统的目的。

for循环

1. 语法

  • for循环和while循环的一个比较大的不同就是while的循环次数需要自己控制，但是for的循环次数是按照索引取值来判断的。所以while有可能会进入死循环，而for不会，所以用for来写循环代码更稳定。

  • 但是for也有不足，while循环内可以加世间万物，即所有的数据，但凡有布尔值的，都可以放在while循环里，但是for只能对容器内的数据类型循环，即字符串，列表和字典，并且可以迭代，别的数据类型是不能作为for的循环条件的。

    例程如下:

    xxxxxxxxxx
    2
    1
    for i in range(1, 10):  # range顾头不顾尾
    2
        print(i)
    • 其实上述代码中的i可以不使用，其只是在循环中其一个循环标签的作用，即便输出中没有i也不会影响循环

2. for+break,for+continue

  • 用法类似于while，可以参考上文

3. 小实例，for循环实现loading

  • 需要注意的是，该实例只能在Jupyter中实现，pycharm由于其优化的功能并不能看出loading后面省略号缓缓出现这一效果，而是在延迟过后一次性出现。

    例程如下:

    xxxxxxxxxx
    6
    1
    import time
    2
    ​
    3
    print('Loading', end='')
    4
    for i in range(6):
    5
        print(".", end='')
    6
        time.sleep(0.2)
    • 上述代码中time.sleep即为time模块自带的延时函数，后面为延时时间，日后在不同的场景中可以用得到。

一个非常有趣的\r

  • 在我们日常码代码的过程中，print用的再多不过了，但print里的一些参数相信大家有的还是不甚了解，今天要说的是\r这样一个小参数

    xxxxxxxxxx
    1
    1
    print('\rXu')

    上述代码的输出结果就是Xu，没有任何问题，那么他的特殊性在哪呢？

    再来一段代码

    x
    1
    print('\rXu')
    2
    print('\rXu')
    3
    print('\rXu')
    4
    print('\rXu')

    猜一下结果是什么？没错，结果就是

    Xu

  • Xu

  • Xu

  • Xu

    还是没有就任何特殊的，莫不成笔者在耍你们？

    不不不，再看一段

    x
    1
    print('\rXu',end = '')
    2
    print('\rXu',end = '')
    3
    print('\rXu',end = '')
    4
    print('\rXu',end = '')

    我们都知道end = ‘’的定义方法是让该行输出之后不换行，所以，上面这段程序结果是什么？

    Xu

    没错，你没有看错，只有一个Xu，为什么呢？

    结果就是\r加在print当中，原位打印的意思，也就是覆盖上一次打印的位置，而且仅限当前行。所以这就是为什么在有换行的情况下\r并没有什么效果。

    我们可以来看下print的源码

    xxxxxxxxxx
    1
    1
    def print(self, *args, sep=' ', end='\n', file=None):

    上述代码我们不难理解，如果没有end = ‘’，那么他就是\n，也就是换行的意思。

    哇，恍然大明白。

Tips：

循环是让计算机做重复任务的有效的方法。

break语句可以在循环过程中直接退出循环，而continue语句可以提前结束本轮循环，并直接开始下一轮循环。这两个语句通常都必须配合if语句或者while语句使用。

要特别注意，不要滥用break和continue语句。break和continue会造成代码执行逻辑分叉过多，容易出错。大多数循环并不需要用到break和continue语句，上面的两个例子，都可以通过改写循环条件或者修改循环逻辑，去掉break和continue语句。

有些时候，如果代码写得有问题，会让程序陷入“死循环”，也就是永远循环下去。这时可以用Ctrl+C退出程序，或者强制结束Python进程。

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h6 { font-size: 1em; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); }
p, blockquote, ul, ol, dl, table { margin: 0.8em 0px; }
li > ol, li > ul { margin: 0px; }
hr { height: 2px; padding: 0px; margin: 16px 0px; background-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border: 0px none; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: content-box; }
li p.first { display: inline-block; }
ul, ol { padding-left: 30px; }
ul:first-child, ol:first-child { margin-top: 0px; }
ul:last-child, ol:last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }
blockquote { border-left: 4px solid rgb(223, 226, 229); padding: 0px 15px; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); }
blockquote blockquote { padding-right: 0px; }
table { padding: 0px; word-break: initial; }
table tr { border-top: 1px solid rgb(223, 226, 229); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
table tr:nth-child(2n), thead { background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); }
table tr th { font-weight: bold; border-width: 1px 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(223, 226, 229); border-right-color: rgb(223, 226, 229); border-left-color: rgb(223, 226, 229); border-image: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; text-align: left; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 13px; }
table tr td { border: 1px solid rgb(223, 226, 229); text-align: left; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 13px; }
table tr th:first-child, table tr td:first-child { margin-top: 0px; }
table tr th:last-child, table tr td:last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }
.CodeMirror-lines { padding-left: 4px; }
.code-tooltip { box-shadow: rgba(0, 28, 36, 0.3) 0px 1px 1px 0px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(238, 242, 242); }
.md-fences, code, tt { border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); border-radius: 3px; padding: 2px 4px 0px; font-size: 0.9em; }
code { background-color: rgb(243, 244, 244); padding: 0px 2px; }
.md-fences { margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 6px; }
.md-task-list-item > input { margin-left: -1.3em; }
@media print {
html { font-size: 13px; }
table, pre { break-inside: avoid; }
pre { overflow-wrap: break-word; }
}
.md-fences { background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); }
#write pre.md-meta-block { padding: 1rem; font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.45; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border: 0px; border-radius: 3px; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); margin-top: 0px !important; }
.mathjax-block > .code-tooltip { bottom: 0.375rem; }
.md-mathjax-midline { background: rgb(250, 250, 250); }
#write > h3.md-focus::before { left: -1.5625rem; top: 0.375rem; }
#write > h4.md-focus::before { left: -1.5625rem; top: 0.285714rem; }
#write > h5.md-focus::before { left: -1.5625rem; top: 0.285714rem; }
#write > h6.md-focus::before { left: -1.5625rem; top: 0.285714rem; }
.md-image > .md-meta { border-radius: 3px; padding: 2px 0px 0px 4px; font-size: 0.9em; color: inherit; }
.md-tag { color: rgb(167, 167, 167); opacity: 1; }
.md-toc { margin-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; }
.sidebar-tabs { border-bottom: none; }
#typora-quick-open { border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); }
#typora-quick-open-item { background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250); border-color: rgb(254, 254, 254) rgb(229, 229, 229) rgb(229, 229, 229) rgb(238, 238, 238); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; }
.on-focus-mode blockquote { border-left-color: rgba(85, 85, 85, 0.12); }
header, .context-menu, .megamenu-content, footer { font-family: "Segoe UI", Arial, sans-serif; }
.file-node-content:hover .file-node-icon, .file-node-content:hover .file-node-open-state { visibility: visible; }
.mac-seamless-mode #typora-sidebar { background-color: var(--side-bar-bg-color); }
.md-lang { color: rgb(180, 101, 77); }
.html-for-mac .context-menu { --item-hover-bg-color: #E6F0FE; }
#md-notification .btn { border: 0px; }
.dropdown-menu .divider { border-color: rgb(229, 229, 229); }
-->

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