![[转]用代码访问 Https](https://image.shishitao.com:8440/aHR0cHM6Ly9ia3FzaW1nLmlrYWZhbi5jb20vdXBsb2FkL2NoYXRncHQtcy5wbmc%2FIQ%3D%3D.png?!?w=700&webp=1 "[转]用代码访问 Https")
可以参考： https://blog.****.net/irokay/article/details/78801307
跳过证书验证方法
HttpClient简介
HTTP 协议可能是现在 Internet 上使用得最多、最重要的协议了，越来越多的 Java 应用程序需要直接通过 HTTP 协议来访问网络资源。虽然在 JDK 的 java.net 包中已经提供了访问 HTTP 协议的基本功能，但是对于大部分应用程序来说，JDK 库本身提供的功能还不够丰富和灵活。HttpClient 是 Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目，用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。HttpClient 已经应用在很多的项目中，比如 Apache Jakarta 上很著名的另外两个开源项目 Cactus 和 HTMLUnit 都使用了 HttpClient。更多信息请关注http://hc.apache.org/
请求步骤
许多需要后台模拟请求的系统或者框架都用的是httpclient，使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单，一般需要如下几步即可：
创建CloseableHttpClient对象。
创建请求方法的实例，并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求，创建HttpGet对象；如果需要发送POST请求，创建HttpPost对象。
如果需要发送请求参数，可可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。setParams方法已过时（4.4.1版本）。
调用HttpGet、HttpPost对象的setHeader(String name, String value)方法设置header信息，或者调用setHeaders(Header[] headers)设置一组header信息。
调用CloseableHttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求，该方法返回一个CloseableHttpResponse。
调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象，该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容；调用CloseableHttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头。
释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功，都必须释放连接
先看个官方HttpClient通过Http协议发送get请求，请求网页内容的例子：
1.ClientWithResponseHandler.java
/*
*
* This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
* individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation. For more
* information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
* <http://www.apache.org/>.
*
*/
package org.apache.http.examples.client;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.ResponseHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
/**
* This example demonstrates the use of the {@link ResponseHandler} to simplify
* the process of processing the HTTP response and releasing associated resources.
*/
public class ClientWithResponseHandler {
public final static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
try {
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");
System.out.println("Executing request " + httpget.getRequestLine());
// Create a custom response handler
ResponseHandler<String> responseHandler = new ResponseHandler<String>() {
@Override
public String handleResponse(
final HttpResponse response) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
int status = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if (status >= 200 && status < 300) {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
return entity != null ? EntityUtils.toString(entity) : null;
} else {
throw new ClientProtocolException("Unexpected response status: " + status);
}
}
};
String responseBody = httpclient.execute(httpget, responseHandler);
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(responseBody);
} finally {
httpclient.close();
}
}
}
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我把上述例子中的请求地址改为了“http://www.baidu.com/”，运行后控制台可以获取百度首页网页内容：
下面把地址改为https地址：https://www.baidu.com/，再次尝试运行：
报错了，提示unable to find valid certification path to requested target，无法通过htpps认证。
正规途径，我们需要将证书导入到密钥库中，现在我们采取另外一种方式：绕过https证书认证实现访问。
2.Method SSLContext
/**
* 绕过验证
*
* @return
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
* @throws KeyManagementException
*/
public static SSLContext createIgnoreVerifySSL() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException {
SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("SSLv3");
// 实现一个X509TrustManager接口，用于绕过验证，不用修改里面的方法
X509TrustManager trustManager = new X509TrustManager() {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(
java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] paramArrayOfX509Certificate,
String paramString) throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(
java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] paramArrayOfX509Certificate,
String paramString) throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
};
sc.init(null, new TrustManager[] { trustManager }, null);
return sc;
}
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修改1中main方法：
public final static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String body = "";
//采用绕过验证的方式处理https请求
SSLContext sslcontext = createIgnoreVerifySSL();
//设置协议http和https对应的处理socket链接工厂的对象
Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
.register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE)
.register("https", new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext))
.build();
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry);
HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager);
//创建自定义的httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager).build();
//CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
try{
//创建get方式请求对象
HttpGet get = new HttpGet("https://www.baidu.com/");
//指定报文头Content-type、User-Agent
get.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
get.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:6.0.2) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/6.0.2");
//执行请求操作，并拿到结果（同步阻塞）
CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
//获取结果实体
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
//按指定编码转换结果实体为String类型
body = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
}
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
//释放链接
response.close();
System.out.println("body:" + body);
} finally{
client.close();
}
}
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运行代码，获取网页内容成功！
同理，再尝试下post请求：
public final static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String body = "";
//采用绕过验证的方式处理https请求
SSLContext sslcontext = createIgnoreVerifySSL();
//设置协议http和https对应的处理socket链接工厂的对象
Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
.register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE)
.register("https", new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext))
.build();
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry);
HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager);
//创建自定义的httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager).build();
//CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
try{
//创建post方式请求对象
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("https://api.douban.com/v2/book/1220562");
//指定报文头Content-type、User-Agent
httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:6.0.2) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/6.0.2");
//执行请求操作，并拿到结果（同步阻塞）
CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);
//获取结果实体
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
//按指定编码转换结果实体为String类型
body = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
}
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
//释放链接
response.close();
System.out.println("body:" + body);
}finally{
client.close();
}
}
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https地址以豆瓣的一个api为例，获得ID为1220562的书的信息。
运行代码：
获取返回信息成功。
本博客例子下载地址：
http://download.****.net/download/irokay/10158259
例子中包含以上工程代码，以及所需HttpClient组件jar库。
参考：
https://www.cnblogs.com/ITtangtang/p/3968093.html
http://blog.****.net/xiaoxian8023/article/details/49865335
https://www.cnblogs.com/ITtangtang/p/3968093.html
---------------------
作者：irokay
来源：****
原文：https://blog.****.net/irokay/article/details/78801307
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请附上博文链接！