1. 什么是Spring Cloud？
Spring提供了一系列工具，可以帮助开发人员迅速搭建分布式系统中的公共组件（比如：配置管理，服务发现，断路器，智能路由，微代理，控制总线，一次性令牌，全局锁，主节点选举， 分布式session, 集群状态）。协调分布式环境中各个系统，为各类服务提供模板性配置。使用Spring Cloud, 开发人员可以搭建实现了这些样板的应用，并且在任何分布式环境下都能工作得非常好，小到笔记本电脑， 大到数据中心和云平台。
Spring Cloud官网的定义比较抽象，我们可以从简单的东西开始。Spring Cloud是基于Spring Boot的， 最适合用于管理Spring Boot创建的各个微服务应用。要管理分布式环境下的各个Spring Boot微服务，必然存在服务的注册问题。所以我们先从服务的注册谈起。既然是注册，必然有个管理注册中心的服务器，各个在Spring Cloud管理下的Spring Boot应用就是需要注册的client
Spring Cloud使用erureka server, 然后所有需要访问配置文件的应用都作为一个erureka client注册上去。eureka是一个高可用的组件，它没有后端缓存，每一个实例注册之后需要向注册中心发送心跳，在默认情况下erureka server也是一个eureka client ,必须要指定一个 server。
2. 创建Eureka Server
1）.创建一个Maven工程helloworld.eureka.server， pom.xml内容如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.chry</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud.helloworld.eureka.server</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>springcloud.helloworld.Eureka.server</name>
<description>Demo Spring Eureka Server</description> <parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent> <properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties> <dependencies>
<!--eureka server -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- spring boot test-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.RC1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement> <build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build> <repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories> </project>
pom.xml
2）. 用Spring Boot创建一个服务类EurekaServerApplication，需要一个注解@EnableEurekaServer加在springboot工程的启动类上
package springcloud.helloworld.eureka.server; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer; @EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurekaServerApplication { public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
}
}
3).eureka server的配置文件application.yml，其中registerWithEureka：false和fetchRegistry：false表明自己是一个eureka server
server:
port: 8761 eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
client:
registerWithEureka: false
fetchRegistry: false
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
4) eureka server的工程结构如下
5）启动eureka server，然后访问http://localhost:8761, 界面如下， "No instances available" 表示无client注册
3. 创建Eureka Client
1). 创建一个Maven工程helloworld.eureka.client， pom.xml内容如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.chry</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud.helloworld.eureka.client</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>springcloud.helloworld.eureka.client</name>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<description>Demo Spring Boot Client</description> <parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent> <properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.RC1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement> <build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build> <repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories> </project>
pom.xml
2). 创建主类EurekaClientApplication
使用@EnableEurekaClient注解表明是client
package springcloud.helloworld.eureka.client; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@RestController public class EurekaClientApplication { public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaClientApplication.class, args);
} @Value("${server.port}")
String port;
@RequestMapping("/")
public String home() {
return "hello world from port " + port; } }
3) eureka client的配置文件appication.yml
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
port: 8762
spring:
application:
name: service-helloworld
4). Client启动后， 可以访问http://localhost:8762
5). 再次访问服务器端口, 可以看到Service Helloworld已经自动注册到之前的server中
下一篇： Spring Cloud 入门教程(二)： 配置管理
- 参考资料：
- Spring Cloud 官网
- 博客： http://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/70148833